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Biomedical subjects

P Fagan

Publications and source records attributed to P Fagan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Canalplasty: review of 100 cases.

Canalplasty is the surgical procedure whereby the external auditory meatus is widened. The indications include exostoses, stenosing external otitis and widening for surgical access. One hundred consecutive ears operated on by one surgeon are reported. The surgical technique is described in detail, paying particular attention to bone removal from the anterior canal wall. In this paper the majority of cases were occasioned by soft tissue rather than bony stenosis. The re-stenosis rate was four per cent and in each case this was associated with the use of a middle temporal artery flap. Partial, transient, delayed facial palsy occurred in two per cent, probably relating to thermal injury transmitted from the burr. A full, spontaneous recovery of facial function occurred in each case. This is a safe and effective technique for canal widening.

Ear Canal↗
PubMed2000

Multichannel auditory brainstem implantation: the Australian experience.

The multichannel auditory brainstem implant (ABI) provides the potential for hearing restoration in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Programmes for auditory brainstem implantation have been established in two Australian centres. Eight patients have been implanted under the protocol of an international multi-centre clinical trial. Three patients had ABI insertion at the time of first side tumour removal, four at second side tumour removal and one after previous bilateral surgery where there was some residual tumour. The translabyrinthine approach was used in all cases. Successful positioning of the electrode array was achieved in seven of eight patients, all of whom achieved auditory perception with electrical stimulation. Intra-operative electrically evoked auditory brainstem response testing was successful in four patients and was useful in confirming correct electrode position. In six cases post-operative psychophysical and auditory perception testing demonstrated that useful auditory sensations were achieved. Five of these patients regularly used the implant. In one patient electrode placement was unsuccessful and only non-auditory sensations occurred on stimulation. In the remaining patients non-auditory sensations were minimal and avoidable by selective electrode programming. Auditory brainstem implantation should be considered in patients with NF2. The greatest benefit is seen in patients without debilitating disease who have non-aidable hearing in the contralateral ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Triton tumor.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Galvanic stimulation evokes short-latency EMG responses in sternocleidomastoid which are abolished by selective vestibular nerve section.

OBJECTIVE: To describe vestibulocollic responses in sternocleidomastoid (SCM) evoked by transmastoid galvanic (DC) stimulation. METHODS: We studied the averaged responses in the unrectified EMG of SCM to transmastoid galvanic stimulation (5 mA/2 ms) and also to 100 dB clicks. Two patients with Meniere's disease were studied both before and after unilateral selective vestibular nerve section. RESULTS: Transmastoid galvanic stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG response at short latency in the SCM ipsilateral to the side of cathode placement, which resembled that which followed vestibular activation by loud clicks (p13/n23). Selective unilateral vestibular nerve section abolished this galvanic-evoked response. CONCLUSIONS: Galvanic-evoked vestibulocollic responses can be recorded in SCM. This is a new method of studying vestibular reflex function which may have application in the clinical assessment of vestibular disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Unusual lesions of the internal auditory canal.

Acoustic neuromata (AN) account for nearly 90 per cent of internal auditory canal (IAC) and cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) tumours. The second most common tumour is meningioma. Rare lesions include primary cholesteatoma, facial neuroma, lipoma, angioma and various cysts. Two cases of IAC tumour are presented, one of hamartoma in which smooth muscle was prominent and the other of lymphangioma. Of interest are the specific clinical and radiological features associated with these lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cultural sensitivity and readability of breast and prostate printed cancer education materials targeting African Americans.

Cancer prevention materials such as pamphlets, booklets, and fact sheets play a significant role in reducing cancer disparities. Little is documented in the literature about the cultural sensitivity of materials targeting African Americans. The Cancer Prevention Materials and African Americans project was conducted to assess the cultural sensitivity and readability of printed cancer education materials targeting African Americans. Results showed current breast and cancer materials are not written at appropriate reading levels, and only 54% of the breast and 40% of the prostate cancer materials were found to be culturally sensitive. Even though the materials are being developed and disseminated in health fairs, physician offices, barber shops, and other locations, the materials are still not reflective of the African-American populations and do not consider literacy, visual, written messages, and format as factors in their utilization. Future studies should assess the appropriateness of materials for African Americans to promote and prevent cancer in African Americans.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1997

Drill-induced hearing loss in the nonoperated ear.

The reversible hearing loss in the nonoperated ear noted by patients after ear surgery remains unexplained. This study proposes that this hearing loss is caused by drill noise conducted to the nonoperated ear by vibrations of the intact skull. This noise exposure results in dysfunction of the outer hair cells, which may produce a temporary hearing loss. Estimations of outer hair cell function in the nonoperated ear were made by recording the change in amplitude of the distortion-product otoacoustic emissions before and during ear surgery. Reversible drill-related outer hair cell dysfunction was seen in 2 of 12 cases. The changes in outer hair cell function and their clinical implications are discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Actinomycosis oto-mastoiditis.

Actinomycosis of the temporal bone is uncommon. There have only been 24 cases previously reported in the English literature. The responsible organism is Actinomyces israelii, an anaerobic filamentous Gram positive bacterium. While the cervico-facial region is the most common site of the disease, involvement of the temporal bone is rare. The diagnosis can sometimes be made clinically by identification of sulphur granules in a glue-like substrate but in all cases involving the temporal bone, the diagnosis has been made at histopathology. Effective therapy consists of surgery followed by the long-term administration of penicillin.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1997

The readability levels of cancer-prevention materials targeting African Americans.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the readability levels of cancer-prevention materials, but the readability levels of materials targeting African Americans have not been documented. The Cancer Prevention Materials and African-Americans project, funded in 1994 by the Texas Cancer Council, was developed to assess the readability levels and cultural sensitivity of cancer-prevention materials targeting African Americans. METHODS: This study assessed the readability of 100 cancer-prevention materials using McLaughlin's SMOG grading. Illustrations and point sizes were also examined by research staff members. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the material contained illustrations and 88% were printed using a 12-point font. An overall mean SMOG grade of 9.32 was found, which suggests that ninth graders can read and comprehend the text. CONCLUSIONS: Although this grade level is lower than those indicated by previous studies, many of the printed materials may not be appropriate for African Americans at high risk for cancer: those with low incomes and little education. Health professionals should focus on decreasing the reading levels of print materials, pretesting audiences to determine their actual reading levels, and examining other factors that influence readability and comprehension.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Schwannoma in the vestibule and cochlea.

Schwannoma of the vestibule or the cochlea is an unusual lesion. In the past, most examples have been found at autopsy or as unsuspected findings at surgery for vertigo. The symptoms of isolated labyrinthine schwannoma may be indistinguishable from advanced Meniere's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging has led to pre-operative diagnosis in some cases. Two cases of schwannoma within the labyrinth from a series of 339 symptomatic acoustic tumours, are presented and the imaging findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vestibular schwannoma in an only hearing ear.

A vestibular schwannoma in an only hearing ear is a difficult management problem. A case is presented of a patient who had a Nucleus-22 channel device implanted into a nonfunctioning ear and auditory rehabilitation prior to resection of a large vestibular schwannoma in the contralateral ear.

Aged↗