PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Faulkner

Publications and source records attributed to P Faulkner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The development of a mental health service patient information management system.

In this paper we describe the development of the Mental Health-Patient Information Management System (MH-PIMS), which is an information management system designed for use in a modern, primarily community-based, mental health service. MH-PIMS is a computerised database which was designed by clinicians and is supported by a case management system and complementary patient record set-together called the Assessment and Care Evaluation (ACE) system. The paper also describes the ACE system. MH-PIMS can generate patient reports of use to case managers and teams in managing their caseloads and is of use to senior clinicians and service managers for audit and strategic planning purposes.

Case Management↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of p74, a PDV envelope protein of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus required for occlusion body infectivity in vivo.

In nature, nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) are transmitted when susceptible insect larvae ingest viral occlusion bodies (OB). These dissociate in the alkaline environment of the midgut and release encapsulated virions (PDV) which bind to midgut epithelial cells and initiate an infection. A previous study showed that expression of the Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV) p74 gene during replication is essential for the production of infectious OB. A set of p74 deletion and overexpression recombinants was used for the production and screening of monoclonal antibodies, and for an investigation of gross cytopathology and localization of p74. No differences in virus structure or morphogenesis were observed in infected cells when the p74 gene of AcMNPV was deleted, even though the infectivity of OB harvested from the cells was abolished when they were fed to Trichoplusia ni larvae. Mutant OB released virus particles and degraded insect peritrophic membrane as in infections with wild-type virus; in addition, virions purified from mutant OB were infectious when injected into the haemocoel of T. ni larvae. Western blot analysis confirmed that p74 was associated with the PDV and could not be detected in the budded form virion phenotype. The polypeptide was readily degraded by treatment of purified PDV with proteinase K, in the presence and absence of detergent, and could be extracted from PDV by a non-ionic detergent treatment. The data are consistent with p74 being a structural polypeptide of the PDV phenotype, most probably as a component associated with the outside surface of the virion envelope. Its presence is shown to be essential for primary infection of midgut cells of insect larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Identification and characterization of the v-cath gene of the baculovirus, CfMNPV.

The v-cath gene of the Autographa californica multi-nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) encodes a cathepsin L-like proteinase which plays a role in the liquefaction of host tissues during a viral infection [1]. We have identified a homologous gene in the spruce budworm virus, Choristoneura fumiferana MNPV (CfMNPV). The CfMNPV v-cath gene is 74% identical to AcMNPV v-cath at the nucleotide sequence level and 80% identical at the level of predicted amino acid sequence. Transcription analysis of the CfMNPV v-cath gene revealed that it is expressed late in infection and that transcription initiates within the consensus baculovirus late-promoter motif.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of the baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene indicates that the polypeptide contains a coiled-coil domain.

The DNA sequence and transcription pattern of the p10 gene from the spruce budworm baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) were analysed. The CfMNPV p10 gene codes for a protein 81 amino acids in length: this is the shortest p10 peptide identified thus far. A novel characteristic of the CfMNPV p10 gene is that it contains tandem late initiation sites (TAAG) having different temporal transcription patterns. Comparative analysis of CfMNPV p10 and the amino acid sequences of other p10 gene products showed that they each appear to have a similar N-terminal structure: an amphipathic alpha-helical terminus which condenses as coiled-coil multimers. Another feature of the p10 N terminus is that the central region of the coiled-coil domain resembles a bend or hairpin loop and could fold into a hairpin or form a bent rod structure. The condensation of p10 monomers to coiled-coil multimers is likely to be a step leading to the formation of p10 fibrous bodies in infected cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of v-cath, a cathepsin L-like proteinase expressed by the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) contains a 966 bp ORF that encodes a papain type cysteine proteinase with cathepsin L-like characteristics. Using Western blot analysis of infected cell extracts we showed that v-cath proteinase has 35.5 kDa and 32 kDa precursor forms which are processed to a 27.5 kDa mature form in a manner characteristic of papain and cathepsin L. V-cath proteinase activity was greatest under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) and was reduced in the presence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors, leupeptin and E64. Urea, a known enhancer of cathepsin L activity, also enhanced v-cath proteinase activity. AcMNPV v-cath proteinase was detected post-mortem in tissues of insects infected with wild-type (wt) virus. Insects infected with a v-cath deletion mutant did not become flaccid after death as is normally observed with wt AcMNPV infections. These findings indicate a link between v-cath activity and degradation of host tissues during virus pathogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Identification of the gp67 gene of a baculovirus pathogenic to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

The baculovirus gp67 gene encodes a pH-dependent membrane fusion protein and has been identified in both Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) and Orygia pseudotsugata MNPV (OpMNPV). We have identified a homologous gene in the spruce budworm virus, Choristoneura fumiferana MNPV (CfMNPV). The CfMNPV gp67 gene is 79% identical to AcMNPV gp67 at the level of nucleotide sequence and 82% identical at the level of predicted amino acid sequence. As with OpMNPV and AcMNPV gp67, the CfMNPV gp67 protein is found exclusively in the budded virus phenotype of the baculovirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence of the p74 gene of a baculovirus pathogenic to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Polypeptide p74 has been found to be essential for production of virulent occlusion bodies of the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). Hybridization with AcMNPV-derived probes has led to the location of the p74 gene in the spruce budworm virus, Choristoneura fumiferana MNPV. Sequence data indicate that CfMNPV p74 is 73% identical to AcMNPV at the nucleotide level and 77% identical at the amino acid level. Elements of predicted secondary structure are also conserved.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Recombinant protein production in insect cell cultures infected with a temperature-sensitive baculovirus.

Spodoptera frugiperda (IPLB-SF-21) insect cells were grown in shake-flasks and infected with a temperature-sensitive baculovirus to express the gene of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) in serum-free medium (SF-900) and two serum-supplemented media (IPL-41 and Grace's). In temperature-shift experiments (cell growth at 33 degrees C followed by virus replication at 27 degrees C 3-4 days later), virus and CAT production were much poorer in the serum-free medium than in serum-supplemented media, though cell growth was virtually the same in the different media tested. In all the three media, highest virus and CAT titers were obtained at the lowest MOI (multiplicity of infection 0.02). This result is contrary to that obtained in constant-temperature culture (27 degrees C for both cell growth and virus replication). Virus and CAT production was greatly improved when the entire culture was run at constant temperature. It appeared that infected cells were severely damaged at 33 degrees C (6 degrees C above the optimal 27 degrees C), resulting in little or no virus and protein production. As a result of these temperature-shift experiments, a larger-scale (14 1 air-lift bioreactor) serum-free culture of Sf-9 insect cells was conducted at constant temperature (27 degrees C) to produce recombinant protein (beta-galactosidase). A cell density as high as 1 x 10(7) cells.ml-1, and a beta-gal concentration of up to 104,000 unit.ml-1 were achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of age on the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures: test-retest data using an intentional learning paradigm.

The degree to which the Rey-Osterrieth and Taylor complex figures provide equivalent measures of visual memory, and the effects of age on figure comparability were examined in two experiments. Both experiments employed a multiple-trial, intentional learning procedure wherein each figure was administered twice in a counterbalanced sequence to subjects aged 20 to 80 years. In Experiment 1, a constant 60-s exposure duration was used; in Experiment 2, a self-pacing procedure was employed where the exposure duration was individually determined. The results from both experiments showed that the Taylor figure was easier to learn than the Rey-Osterrieth figure, indicating that the two figures are not equivalent for testing memory. These results were supported by subjective judgements on the relative difficulty to learn and remember each figure. Finally, younger (20-59 years) subjects performed at a higher level than older (60-80 years) subjects on both figures. Recommendations and possible alternatives are suggested regarding the use of the figures in both constructional and visuo-spatial memory test-retest situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of polyhedra morphology mutants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: molecular and ultrastructural features.

Two new mutants of Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus affected in the morphogenesis of their polyhedra, designated M276 and M934, were investigated. Marker transfer experiments demonstrated that the observed phenotype was due exclusively to alterations in the polyhedrin gene. M276 contained a 229 base insertion near the carboxyl terminus coding region which resulted in synthesis of a truncated protein; M934 had a point mutation substituting phenylalanine for leucine at amino acid 183. Both mutations occurred in highly conserved regions of the protein and prevented the occlusion of virus particles, but did not affect targeting for the intranuclear ring zone. M276 was distinct in that it had prominent cytosolic condensations of polyhedrin, although these were probably due to a decreased protein solubility. M934 polyhedrin condensations associated prematurely with calyx material such that it became incorporated into the condensation rather than at the surface. Results confirm that occlusion size and shape are features inherent to the polyhedrin protein, and suggest that polyhedrin conformation may help regulate the occlusion process.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A structural polypeptide of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains O-linked N-acetylglucosamine.

A structural glycopeptide, gp41, derived from the occluded virus of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was characterized. The peptide specifically bound wheat germ agglutinin but was not recognized by a panel of seven other lectins. Reactivity with wheat germ agglutinin was eliminated by treatment of gp41 with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, indicating that N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was present as terminal residues. gp41 was efficiently galactosylated by galactosyltransferase only in the presence of Nonidet P-40, suggesting that GlcNAc residues are not exposed on the surface of the virion. Metabolic labelling of gp41 with [3H]GlcNAc occurred in the presence of tunicamycin. The carbohydrate was released by alkaline borohydride treatment and comigrated with N-acetylglucosaminitol in descending paper chromatography. The data indicate that gp41 contains single residues of GlcNAc O glycosidically linked to the polypeptide chain. Evidence suggesting that gp41 is located in the region between the envelope membrane and the capsid (defined here as the tegument) of the occluded virus is also presented.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1992

Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of a gene encoding gp41, a structural glycoprotein of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

We have identified and sequenced a region of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) genome encoding the major polyhedron-derived virus structural glycoprotein gp41. The open reading frame is located entirely within the AcMNPV SstII-M fragment. The protein sequence does not have hydrophobic regions characteristic of integral membrane proteins and contains a putative O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation site. gp41 is expressed as a late gene, with transcripts starting within two consensus late transcription start sites (TAAG) located immediately upstream of the first methionine codon. A major transcription termination signal is bypassed, possibly generating a bicistronic message. Finally, the nucleotide and protein sequences of AcMNPV and Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus are highly conserved.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

The prime time diet: a content analysis of eating behavior and food messages in television program content and commercials.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze messages related to food and eating behavior as presented on prime time television (8:00-11:00 pm) both in programming and commercials. Food references occurred an average of 4.8 times per 30 minutes of programming time. Over half (60 percent) of all food references in programs were for low nutrient beverages and sweets. The prime time diet is inconsistent with dietary guidelines for healthy Americans.

Advertising↗
PubMed1989

The Family Relationship Index: validity data.

The Family Relationship Index (FRI) is a self-report measure that provides an overall index of the quality of the family environment, as well as subscores that reflect family cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict. The current study is based on 53 families who had approached a family service agency for counseling and who had completed an FRI measure prior to intake. The construct validity of the FRI scores was evaluated by comparing them to measures of family functioning provided by experienced family therapists as part of the intake process. Support for the construct validity of the composite index and two of the subscores, Family Cohesion and Family Conflict, was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fatty acid acylation of the 67K envelope glycoprotein of a baculovirus: Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Modification of Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus extracellular virion polypeptides with fatty acid was investigated. Fatty acid-derived radioactivity was incorporated into gp67, the predominant virion envelope glycoprotein, during metabolic labeling using [3H]palmitic acid or [3H]myristic acid. The acyl moiety resisted extraction with chloroform-methanol but was released by mild alkali or hydroxylamine treatment, features characteristic of an ester-type linkage. Palmitic acid was identified as the fatty acid liberated during acid hydrolysis of purified [3H]palmitic acid and [3H]myristic acid-labeled gp67. Acyl peptides were protected during proteinase K digestion of intact virions but they were larger (Mr 34.3K and 31.8K) than expected on the basis of membrane protection alone. Carbohydrate may have played a role in determining the protease resistance of the observed fragments. Potential acylation sites on gp67 within or adjacent to the C-terminal hydrophobic region are discussed with respect to the predicted amino acid sequence.

Acylation↗