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Biomedical subjects

P Feldman

Publications and source records attributed to P Feldman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sexuality, birth control and childbirth in orthodox Jewish tradition.

This paper examines some of the traditional texts that deal with sexuality, birth control and childbirth in the orthodox Jewish tradition and presents the rules governing these areas. For instance, a married woman should avoid being alone with a male physician unless other people are in earshot and have access to the room. A husband and wife must separate during the woman's menses and for the first 7 days afterward. Contraception is permitted if childbearing would endanger a woman's life or health. Termination of pregnancy is also permitted to preserve a woman's health, including her mental health. During childbirth the health of the mother is primary and supercedes all other rules or laws, including those of Sabbath observance. In general, orthodox Jewish women try to live as much as possible within the framework of Halacha. These customs are examined as examples of the need for sensitivity to cultural norms that affect the behaviour of different ethnic groups.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1989

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of postirradiation sarcomas, including angiosarcoma, with immunocytochemical confirmation.

Postirradiation sarcomas are an unusual but well-recognized late effect of cancer therapy. In this article, a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) series of four cases is presented. There were three female patients and one male patient, with an age range of 28-55 yr (mean, 41). Two of the patients were irradiated for uterine cervical carcinoma while the other two received irradiation for malignant lymphoma. The time interval to the development of the postirradiation sarcoma ranged from 10 to greater than 20 yr. There were a postirradiation synovial sarcoma of the buttock region, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (femur), and rhabdomyosarcoma and angiosarcoma of the retroperitoneum. A spectrum of cytologic findings was encountered, reflecting the specific types of sarcomas. Immunocytochemical studies performed on the aspirated material from the angiosarcoma demonstrated the utility of immunoperoxidase stains for ULEX europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) and, to a lesser degree, factor VIII-related antigen antibody, confirming the vascular nature of this malignancy. The FNA findings from all four cases demonstrated cytologic features that allowed recognition of this unusual complication of irradiation treatment. This article confirms the utility of FNA cytology in following patients with previous malignancies and differentiating a postirradiation sarcoma from recurrent carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: study of five cases and review of the literature.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in five children is described and 78 cases in the pediatric age group are reviewed. In 24% of the cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis is not associated with an underlying disease and may appear to be prolonged cholestasis of infancy. When an associated condition is present, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, in particular ulcerative colitis, is most common (47%). Histiocytosis X and a variety of immune disorders account for 15% and 10% of cases, respectively. Primary sclerosing cholangitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease in the pediatric age group, even in young infants. Results of this survey demonstrate that neither clinical features nor liver function tests are reliable diagnostic predictors, that histologic changes are often nonspecific, and that cholangiography is essential to establish the correct diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Interstitial deletion of (17)(p11.2p11.2): report of six additional patients with a new chromosome deletion syndrome.

Recently, a new clinically recognizable syndrome resulting from a small interstitial deletion of 17p [del(17)(p11.2p11.2)] was described in ten unrelated patients. We have identified six additional patients with similar cytogenetic and phenotypic abnormalities. Consistent clinical manifestations include 1) brachycephaly with a broad face and nasal bridge, 2) flat midface, 3) short, broad hands, and 4) mental retardation associated with hyperactivity and often self-destructive behavior. The craniofacial and hand anomalies are reminiscent of several craniosynostosis syndromes. Most patients also had growth deficiency and several other (more variable) congenital malformations. Chromosome studies with special attention to 17 should be performed in any patient with a similar phenotype.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Development of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. IV. The effect of inhibition of proteolysis on the uptake of macromolecules by the intestine of the newborn rabbit before and after weaning.

Prior to weaning, young rabbits take up increased amounts of macromolecules across the intestine and into the circulation. The increased macromolecular uptake may be due in part to decreased intestinal proteolysis in these animals. To assess the effect of intestinal proteolysis on macromolecular uptake, we initially tested the basal level of intestinal trypsin-like activity in newborn and 4-week-old weaned animals. The newborn rabbits had significantly less trypsin-like activity in their small intestinal rinse fluid compared to the 4-week-old animals. Subsequently, we tested the effect of the protease inhibitor, aprotinin, on small intestinal rinse fluid trypsin-like activity and the intestinal uptake of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Newborn and 2-week-old rabbits were force-fed with aprotinin or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) followed after several hours by BSA. Animals pretreated with aprotinin had significantly decreased levels of small intestinal rinse fluid trypsin-like activity and increased concentrations of immunoreactive BSA (iBSA) in plasma compared to PBS-pretreated control animals. 4-week-old weaned rabbits force-fed with equivalent amounts (on the basis of body weight) of aprotinin and BSA had significantly decreased trypsin-like activity in small intestinal rinse fluid compared to control animals. However, plasma iBSA was not significantly different from that of PBS-pretreated controls. These findings suggest that the inhibition of intestinal proteolytic activity is associated with increased macromolecular uptake in young rabbits prior to weaning. At weaning, suppression of proteolytic activity was not associated with increased macromolecular uptake detectable with the same assay procedures used successfully in the newborn animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of metrizamide on the lung.

The pathologic effects of metrizamide on the lung were studied at 24 h and 48 h after its instillation in varying concentrations selectively into the right lungs of a series of immature dogs. Iso-osmolar and slightly hyperosmolar concentrations of metrizamide were found to cause mononuclear interstitial infiltration, focal areas of pneumonia and in some cases alveolar hemorrhage. Control bacterial studies showed that the reaction was aseptic.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Platelet-mediated cardiac ischemia.

Although platelets have been associated with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, the platelet's capacity for induction and propagation of cardiac ischemia remains incompletely defined. We therefore evaluated the effects of platelet activation occurring within the coronary circulation and tested the hypothesis that inhibition of platelet function would prevent platelet-induced cardiac ischemia. Human platelets were isolated from blood obtained from normal donors by Sepharose 2B column chromatography, resuspended in Hepes buffer, and added to the perfusate of a Langendorff rabbit heart (platelet counts greater than 10,000/microliters). Without, and with low dose (10 microM) prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a reversible inhibitor of platelet function, immediate and irreversible global cardiac ischemia, as monitored by NADH fluorescent photography, ensued (N = 4) following platelet activation with thrombin (0.1 to 1 U/ml). Higher concentrations of PGE1 (0.1 to 1 mM, N = 2) or aspirin ingestion (1000 mg taken approximately 12, 4, and 1 hr prior to experiment, N = 2) completely prevented this platelet-induced myocardial ischemia. Aspirin, unlike PGE1, was effective despite its inability to block thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in our in vitro gel-filtered system. We conclude that activation of platelets within the coronary circulation is sufficient for induction of irreversible cardiac ischemia. The efficacy of aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, further suggests that the products of arachidonate metabolism (e.g., thromboxanes) have a fundamental role in the genesis of platelet-mediated myocardial ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mediation of cardiac ischemia by thromboxanes released from human platelets.

We evaluated the consequences of platelet activation within the coronary circulation and determined the contribution of released thromboxanes, the most potent vasoconstrictors known, to the ensuing cardiac ischemia. Human platelets were isolated by sepharose column chromatography from blood of normal donors and added to the crystalloid perfusate of a Langendorff rabbit heart (platelet counts greater than or equal to 10,000/microliters). Following thrombin-induced (1 U/ml) platelet activation, the coronary flow decreased by 30 +/- 10% (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.02), the mean concentration of thromboxane B2 in the coronary sinus effluent rose to 62 +/- 25 pmol/ml, and immediate, often irreversible cardiac ischemia as monitored by nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase autofluorescence photography, ensued. However, with high concentrations of the platelet inhibitor and vasodilator, prostaglandin E1 (1.0 mM), the coronary flow increased by 50 +/-= 15%, and the epicardial fluorescence remained unchanged despite a small (10 +/- 3 pmol/ml) increase in coronary sinus thromboxanes. Platelets isolated from donors who ingested aspirin were incapable of thromboxane synthesis (less than 5 pmol/ml) but remained normally responsive to thrombin-induced activation. When these platelets were challenged by thrombin during cardiac perfusion, however, coronary flow and epicardial fluorescence remained unchanged. We conclude that platelet activation within the coronary circulation can induce irreversible cardiac ischemia, which, however, can be prevented by appropriate pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function. Furthermore, the fact that cardiac perfusion was preserved during a thrombin challenge of platelets from aspirin-treated donors establishes a fundamental role for the products of cyclooxygenase activity (e.g., thromboxanes) in the genesis of this form of myocardial ischemia.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1981

Labour is still painful after prepared childbirth training.

Labour pain was measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire in 87 primiparas and 54 multiparas. The average intensity of labour pain ranked among the most intense pains recorded with the questionnaire. However, the pain scores had a wide range and were influenced by several medical and social variables. They were significantly higher for the primiparas than for the multiparas. Moreover, high pain levels were associated with a history of menstrual difficulties and lower socioeconomic status. The primiparas who had received prepared childbirth training had lower pain scores than those who had received no such training. Nevertheless, the effects of prepared childbirth training were relatively small, and most patients (81%) who received it requested epidural anesthesia. Because many women who received training suffered severe pain during labour, prepared childbirth training and epidural anesthesia should be regarded as compatible, complementary procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The diagnosis of psychopathy by forensic specialists.

Thirty-four forensic specialists from the Prison Service and elsewhere rated 22 alleged signs of psychopathy in order of importance. Only two respondents did not view psychopathy as a clinical entity. The remainder recognized a large number of diagnostic signs, though with much disagreement about the exact importance of each.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1975

Functional anatomy of the lymphatic fluids and pathways.

The present sets of studies indicate that the fibrous capsule which encloses each tissue module divides the interstitial fluids into an intracapsular pool, and an extracapsular pool. Fluid that filters out of the capsules into the extracapsular clefts is the source of the lymph. Because of the limited permeability of the capsular barrier the composition of lymph differs from that of the capillary ultrafiltrate. Lymphatic vessels are means for the drainage of the extracapsular fluids and other materials. This appraoch differentiates two entirely separate types of edema: an intracapsular dependent pitting edema and an extracapsular generalized non-pitting edema. Three sets of experiments that support the foregoing hypothesis are briefly presented.

Capillaries↗