Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Fitch.
We report a family in which five members have been affected with sarcoidosis. The radiological findings of all cases are presented, together with HLA typing, T cell subset and cytokine analysis in four cases. A new HLA association in the presentation of sarcoidosis is suggested.
AIMS: To examine the distribution of PAI-1 antigen in normal and cirrhotic liver and liver with metastases. METHODS: Sections of normal and cirrhotic liver and liver with metastases were stained using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique and monoclonal antibody specific for plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). RESULTS: PAI-1 antigen was identified as discrete granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in normal liver, particularly around portal tracts and central veins of the liver lobule. In cirrhotic liver a striking reduction of PAI-1 antigen was noted. In liver with metastases increased amounts of PAI-1 antigen were concentrated in hepatocytes around the margins of malignant deposits. CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic liver contains considerably less PAI-1 antigen than does normal liver, despite raised plasma concentrations of PAI-1. This may reflect release of hepatic PAI-1 into the circulation or decreased clearance of PAI-1 from the plasma. Secondary malignant deposits in the liver seem to stimulate production of PAI-1 in adjacent hepatocytes. This may influence the invasive process and may contribute to the thrombotic tendency associated with malignancy.
At the National Hospital, video-EEG telemetry is performed on about 100 patients per year and ambulatory EEG recordings on about 40 patients per year. For clarification of the diagnosis of odd attacks of uncertain cause 55% of the patients are selected, and 35% for the investigation of established epilepsy. The equipment employed for the long-term EEG monitoring is described. The results obtained during 1983 are discussed in detail; clinically useful results are obtained in over 50% of the patients.
Spike and wave activity is detected by analogue circuitry which separately filters the spike and the slow wave components from the EEG. The filter outputs are converted to DC voltages, which are then compared with individually adjusted threshold voltages. A detector output pulse is produced when both the spike and the wave threshold levels are exceeded. A graph of the incidence of spike and wave activity per 15 min intervals over 24 h is plotted by a microcomputer and modified impact printer. The analysis is carried out at 60 times real time on EEG recordings obtained from unrestrained patients using a portable cassette-tape recorder.
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