PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Fosarelli

Publications and source records attributed to P Fosarelli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Prevalence of rotavirus on high-risk fomites in day-care facilities.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus contamination on environmental surfaces in day-care environments, using the polymerase chain reaction technique. DESIGN: High-risk fomites were identified in two day-care centers and sampled biweekly during a 6-month study period. Water samples from water-play tables in each center were also collected during the study period. During an infectious disease outbreak, fomites were sampled from the rooms in which the outbreak occurred. Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction was carried out for viral detection of rotavirus from the fomites, and standard bacteriologic measures were used to detect bacteria in samples from water-play tables. RESULTS: A total of 96 fomite samples were tested for presence of rotavirus from the two centers, of which 18/96 (19%) tested positive for rotavirus. The timing of the positive samples differed between the two centers. In the center that housed infants, a peak of rotavirus-positive fomites coincided with two enteric outbreaks. Rotavirus contamination was found on the telephone receiver, drinking fountain, water-play table, and toilet handles in both centers. Bacteria in large quantities were also identified in water-play table samples. CONCLUSIONS: Moist surfaces including the telephone, water fountains, and water-play tables are common sources of rotavirus contamination within the day-care environment. Until a safe and affordable drug or vaccine against rotavirus is available for general use, avoidance of rotaviral infections is the most effective method for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Baltimore↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence of infectious symptoms in children in day care homes.

Transmission of enteric pathogens is facilitated in child day care centers, including family day care homes, by frequent and intimate exposure among susceptible hosts, with diaper changing as the highest-risk procedure for such transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program in decreasing the incidence of infectious disease symptoms in children attending family day care homes during a 12-month period. Each of 24 family day care homes was randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention included four components: (1) a handwashing educational program and (2) use of vinyl gloves, (3) use of disposable diaper changing pads, and (4) use of an alcohol-based hand rinse by the day care provider. Symptoms of enteric disease (diarrhea and vomiting) were significantly reduced in intervention family day care homes (p less than or equal to 0.05), whereas respiratory symptoms were not significantly different between intervention and control family day care homes (p = 0.35). Diarrhea was reported in 1 of every 100 child care days, representing one diarrhea episode per month in a typical family day care home.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1988

An unusual cause of right lower quadrant pain in a prepubertal child.

The clinical course of a five-year-old girl with right lower abdominal pain is presented. The differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain in a prepubertal child and a discussion of this child's diagnosis, ovarian torsion, are provided. The need always to consider gynecologic disease in any female patient presenting with a history of colicky lower abdominal pain or an acute abdomen is emphasized.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

An unusual intranasal foreign body.

We describe a child who had a button battery lodged in her nose for several weeks, with resulting destruction of her nasal septum. A brief review of the pathophysiology of injury due to button batteries and measures to prevent such injuries from occurring are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Prescription medications in infancy and early childhood.

The prescription medication exposures of a cohort of 222 children during their first five years of life were investigated. Excluding the three outliers, the cohort received 1852 medications (average per child, 8.46; mode, six; range, 0 to 37) during 1358 (23%) of the total 6017 visits made in five years. The greatest number of medications were administered or prescribed between 7 and 12 months of age. The majority (62%) of the medications over five years were oral preparations, and 87% were prescribed for two weeks or less. Antibacterials, bronchodilators, and antifungal-anti-yeasts accounted for 80% of the 1852 medication courses. One third of all medications were for ampicillin or amoxicillin. High medication recipients were likely to have chronic conditions, especially recurrent otitis media and/or asthma, and were likely to be high users of our health facility.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Telephone dissatisfaction in pediatric practice: Denver and Baltimore.

A survey of pediatricians in private practice in the Denver and Baltimore metropolitan areas was conducted to assess pediatricians' satisfaction with the telephone in their practices. The response rates were 84% (89/106) in Denver and 72% (90/125) in Baltimore. In both cities, 42% of the physicians were dissatisfied with their telephone systems. Dissatisfied physicians were less likely to provide a morning telephone hour (P less than .02), less likely to delegate calls to office staff (P less than .01), more likely to believe that they lacked sufficient time to handle daytime calls (P less than .0001), and more likely to be in group rather than solo practice (P less than .05). Younger age of the respondent approached, but did not reach, statistical significance in its association with dissatisfaction.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Residents on the phone.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Maintenance Organizations↗
PubMed1985

Assignment of follow-up appointments from an emergency room by pediatric residents.

A total of 2,028 visits to the pediatric emergency room (ER) in a teaching institution made by children enrolled in the institution's primary care clinic were analyzed to determine how residents assigned follow-up (FU) visits. Of the ER visits, 841 (41.5%) resulted in an FU appointment. Problems such as acute asthma, pneumonia, and otitis media, for which FU is usually advised by pediatric textbooks and by the faculty of our institution, did not automatically result in appointments for FU. Those illnesses for which FU may not have been indicated were appointed. Focused teaching about the FU management of problems for which care is provided in an ER is needed.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1985

Serum immunoglobulins in the first year of life.

Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA were measured in 316 infants younger than 12 months of age. Information including the child's race, sex, age, and past history of infections or atopy was collected. Birth records were also reviewed to ascertain the child's birthweight and gestational age. Serum IgG levels were higher in black infants than in white infants after the age of 4 months. Serum IgM levels were higher in black females than in black males for infants older than 1 month. For infants younger than 4 months of age, those weighing less than 2500 g at birth had lower IgG levels than those weighing more than 2500 g. Infants younger than 1 month whose gestational age had been less than 36 weeks had lower IgG levels than those greater than 36 weeks. Infants aged 1 to 4 months whose gestational age had been less than 36 weeks had lower IgG levels than did those 40 or more weeks. Infants with a positive history for atopy had lower IgG levels than similarly aged infants with a negative history.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Use of the emergency department by children enrolled in a primary care clinic.

Two thousand forty-four emergency department (ED) visits were made during a one-year period by 714 children enrolled in a primary care clinic. Eight hundred one (39.2%) visits were for urgent or emergent conditions, and 579 (28.3%) were for presenting complaints suggestive of urgent or emergent conditions, including 65 based on parental concern. Six hundred sixty-four (32.5%) visits might have been considered medically inappropriate using criteria specifically developed for this study. These criteria were developed as a standard which might be used for future studies on ED use by children. Children without medical assistance and those over 12 months of age were more likely to be consistently appropriate users. Appropriateness of use was not associated with the patient's race, sex, distance of home from the hospital, telephone availability, length of clinic enrollment, type of primary provider, or chronic disease other than asthma. Further, medical assistance recipients were more likely to make three or more inappropriate visits than were the other groups.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗