Biomedical subjects

P Fouillet

Publications and source records attributed to P Fouillet.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Terminal constipation: priority for anorectal manometry].

Terminal constipation is a common ailment which may be readily suspected by appropriate questioning of the patient. Investigation is by function tests such as anorectal manometry and measurement of colonic transit time. The goal of this investigation was to explore the relative merits of these two methods in terminal constipation. Measurement of colonic transit time did not make it possible to distinguish terminal from other forms of constipation, whereas anorectal manometry allowed this distinction and, in cases of terminal constipation, provided information on the physiopathological mechanisms, thereby permitting appropriate anorectal reeducation by biofeedback. We conclude that, once an organic cause has been excluded by coloscopy, anorectal manometry is the investigation of choice in terminal constipation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Constipation and incontinence: significance of colonic transit time, anorectal manometry and defecography].

Constipation and fecal incontinence are frequent motives of gastroenterological consultation. An etiological diagnosis can often be suspected from the history and can be confirmed by functional testing. We here report our experience with the measurement of colonic transit time (TTC), anorectal manometry (MAR) and defecography (D). Whilst TTC was unhelpful, MAR revealed abdomino-pelvic asynchrony (anismus) in 60 constipated patients and 7 (47%) of 15 incontinent patients. Perineal descent was suspected in 25 constipated patients and confirmed by defecography, which also revealed associated static pelvic disorders. Our experience confirms the role of functional exploration in the investigation of constipation and fecal incontinence and permits a more precise therapeutic approach.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Chromosomal analysis of initial retention capacity in virgin Drosophila melanogaster females.

In natural temperate populations, virgin Drosophila melanogaster females present highly variable periods of preoviposition duration (from 2 to 25 days). Strains were selected for long and short initial retention capacity. Chromosome substitution between two of these lines produced, by appropriate mating procedures, every possible homozygous chromosomal combinations of the X, II and III chromosomes. Analyses of these lines demonstrate that both X and III chromosomes are involved in this egg-laying control, and have complementary effects.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1989

Biliary lithiasis: combined endoscopic and surgical treatment.

A combined endoscopic and surgical procedure was performed in 69 patients suffering from gallbladder lithiasis with suspected associated lithiasis of the common bile duct (CBD). The procedure was spread over two days: Day 1 - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed choledocholithiasis in 50 cases and papillary sclerosis in 4 cases. In 15 patients, the common bile duct was found to be normal. Fifty-four endoscopic sphincterotomies were performed. Among the 50 cases of choledocholithiasis, endoscopic removal of the stones was judged complete in 44 cases and incomplete in the other 6. Day 2 - Cholecystectomy was carried out in all the patients. Peroperative cholangiography confirmed the results of the pre-operative ERCP with respect to the CBD in all the patients except one, and a choledochotomy was necessary in 6 patients. Results were as follows: The average length of hospitalization was 12.4 days. No residual choledocholithiasis was noted. The morbidity of the procedure was 7.2%, and the mortality 1.4% unrelated to the technique. The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of the procedure is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Genetic variability of the circadian activity pattern of Drosophila in a natural population].

With an actographic recorder (IR emitter), the genetic variability in the circadian rhythm of locomoter activity has been analysed within a natural population of D. melanogaster. The activity pattern shows differences between sexes and environmental conditions (photoperiod LD or continuous darkness). In free running conditions, the period and the amplitude of the activity peaks differ between isofemale lines.

Activity Cycles↗

PubMed1978

Alcohol metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster: uselessness of the most active aldehyde oxidase produced by the aldox locus.

Alcohol dehydrogenase is necessary for ethanol detoxification and metabolic utilization. It has been generally assumed that aldehyde oxidase (AO) produced by the Aldox locus (3-56.7) is necessary for a further transformation of acetaldehyde into acetate. We find that various mutant strains (ma-l or Aldoxn) which do not produce an active enzyme show about the same tolerance to alcohol as do wild strains. This physiological paradox is probably to be explained by the discovery of another locus (not localized) which produced a small amount of AO in all tested strains. The adaptive significance of the genetically polymorphic Aldox locus is probably to be looked for in physiological pathways other than ethanol metabolism.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMed1977

[Genetic tolerance to alcohol in Drosophila: comparison of the effects of selection in D. melanogaster and D. simulans].

A strain of D. simulans and 3 strains of D. melanogaster having different initial levels of alcohol tolerance were submitted to increasing selection for at least 30 generations. In melanogaster, the relative efficiency of selection was inversely related to the initial level. In simulans, whose natural tolerance is particularly low, only a small increase was obtained. In all cases, tolerance increased progressively and could be considered as a quantitative character. These results are probably due to modifier genes of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1976

Biological role of alcohol dehydrogenase in the tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to aliphatic alochols: utilization of an ADH-null mutant.

The toxicity of the first eight primary alcohols and of four secondary alcohols was compared in a wild-type strain (having active ADH) and an ADH-negative mutant. Differences between LC50 measured in the two strains allowed an evaluation of the biological activity of the enzyme. In vitro, ADH is mainly active on secondary alcohols, while in vivo its main role is the detoxification and metabolism of ethanol. These observations suggest that originally ADH was involved in unknown metabolic pathways and that its utilization in ethanol metabolism could be a recent event.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1975

[Resistance to starvation in insects: importance of the amount of lipid reserves in adult Drosophila melanogaster].

At 25 degrees C, mean survival duration of adults starved after emergence varied from 58 to 112 hours, according to genotype and larval growth conditions. This duration was highly correlated with the amount of lipids. The great variability in the amount of lipids (from 15 to 35% of initial dry weight) seems to have an adaptative significance for adult survival in natural conditions.

Animals↗