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Biomedical subjects

P Fouret

Publications and source records attributed to P Fouret.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Adrenal myelolipoma. Review of the literature and case report].

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumour composed of adipose and haematopoietic cells. It is usually an incidental finding or may present in the form of a complication, the most severe being spontaneous retroperitoneal rupture. Computed tomography is the best examination, providing a preoperative diagnosis in 90% of cases. Adrenal aspiration cytology is useful in the case of a persistent doubt concerning the diagnosis. The principal differential diagnosis consists of an angiomyolipoma of the upper pole of the kidney. The indications for surgical resection are limited to symptomatic tumours, tumours larger than 5 cm in diameter and in the case of a doubtful diagnosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Expression of the neutrophil elastase gene during human bone marrow cell differentiation.

Neutrophil elastase, a potent serine protease carried and released by activated neutrophils, is not synthesized by neutrophils, but by their bone marrow precursor cells. Using in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled antisense and sense neutrophil elastase cRNA probes, the present study demonstrates that expression of the neutrophil elastase gene is tightly controlled in bone marrow precursors and occurs during a very limited stage of differentiation of the neutrophil myeloid series, almost entirely at the promyelocyte stage. Neutrophil elastase mRNA transcript levels are detectable to a limited extent in blasts, increase markedly in the promyelocyte stage, and then disappear as promyelocytes further differentiate. Control probes specific for myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, and beta-globin mRNA transcripts, respectively, demonstrated contrasting gene expression. Myeloperoxidase mRNA transcripts were also found almost exclusively at the promyelocyte stage, but myeloperoxidase mRNA levels disappeared earlier than do neutrophil elastase mRNA levels, suggesting that expression of these genes may be differently controlled. In comparison, lactoferrin mRNA transcripts were detected late in the neutrophil lineage, while beta-globin mRNA was detected only in cells of the erythroid lineage. Together these observations suggest that the expression of the neutrophil elastase gene is likely under very tight control, and is likely different than that for other constituents of the neutrophil granules.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1988

[Respective frequency and radioclinical features of 150 lung diseases observed in 125 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].

Seventy out of 125 patients with HIV infection had diffuse alveolo-interstitial pneumonia usually caused by an opportunistic infection, notably pneumocystosis. Nineteen patients had only localized lung opacities due either to usual or tuberculous bacterial infections or to Kaposi's sarcoma. In 10 patients with pleural effusion or mediastinal adenopathy, the condition was due to Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 4) or to mycobacteriosis (n = 3). An opportunistic or usual infection was demonstrated in 17 of the 51 patients with normal radiography of the chest. Finally, 37 patients free from infectious or tumoral pathology had isolated lymphocytic alveolitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphocytic alveolitis.

We observed 276 HIV-infected patients to determine the frequency, degree, and clinical presentation of the lymphocytic alveolitis in different stages of HIV disease, and also to identify the lymphocyte subsets involved. In 154 patients with proved lung infections or tumors (group A), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed lymphocytosis in 78 percent of cases. In 122 subjects (31 AIDS and 91 HIV-infected non-AIDS patients) without evidence of lung tumor or infection (group B), lymphocytic alveolitis was seen in 72 percent of cases. In 61 of 88 (69 percent) group B lymphocytic patients, we observed respiratory symptoms or diffuse interstitial opacities; however, we also observed such alveolitis in 27 of 46 (59 percent) group B patients free of respiratory symptoms and abnormality of chest x-ray film. This alveolitis was seen not only in AIDS or ARC patients but also at earlier stages of HIV infection. T-lymphocyte analysis showed a large majority (40 to 93 percent) of CD8 positive lymphocytes in the 37 patients tested. A dual fluorescence analysis revealed, in 18 subjects, that those cells were phenotypically cytotoxic (CD8 + D44 +). These findings suggest that, regardless of HIV-infection stages and of opportunistic lung infections, a CD8-positive T-lymphocyte alveolitis may be present in HIV-infected patients and could be responsible for cough, dyspnea, interstitial pneumonitis, and abnormalities of pulmonary function tests.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of fibronectin gene expression by in situ hybridization. Differential expression of the fibronectin gene among populations of human alveolar macrophages.

Populations of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lower respiratory tract secrete fibronectin, a multi-functional glycoprotein capable of influencing cell migration, attachment, differentiation, and proliferation. Using in situ hybridization of 35S-labeled antisense and sense RNA fibronectin probes, the present study demonstrates that most, but not all, normal alveolar macrophages contain fibronectin mRNA transcripts, and that among those macrophages expressing this gene, the relative amount of fibronectin mRNA transcripts varies from cell to cell. Interestingly, while 66 +/- 3% of normal alveolar macrophages contain fibronectin mRNA transcripts, this is increased to 82 +/- 2% (P less than 0.01) of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with exaggerated amounts of fibronectin in the lower respiratory tract. Furthermore, of the macrophages expressing the fibronectin gene, those from IPF patients contain more fibronectin mRNA transcripts than those from normals. Consistent with this observation, evaluation of tissue samples from IPF patients demonstrated that of all cells present, alveolar macrophages showed the greatest numbers of fibronectin mRNA transcripts per cell. These observations demonstrate that there can be marked cell-to-cell variation in the expression of the gene for a macrophage product such as fibronectin, suggesting that there are processes that modulate similar cells in the same anatomic compartment to vary their expression of the same gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pulmonary bilharziasis due to Schistosoma mansoni simulating Carrington's disease].

A case of pulmonary Schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis observed in a female patient from Martinique is reported. In view of the unusual clinical and radiological features of the disease and of its rapidly worrying course, an open chest lung biopsy was performed which provided the diagnosis. A search for eggs in the stools was negative, and serological tests were weakly positive, treatment with Praziquantel resulted in rapid and complete cure.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1987

Extensive T8-positive lymphocytic visceral infiltration in a homosexual man.

Lymphocytic visceral infiltration has recently been noted in association with lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection. A homosexual man, who had clinical and immunologic features of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, is described. The patient presented not only with peripheral blood lymphocytosis but also with extensive lymphocytic infiltration involving lungs, lymph nodes, nerves, muscles, and esophagus. Lymphocyte subset immunostaining analysis showed that the lymphocytes were T8-positive. Thirty months after the clinical onset of the disease, no evidence of progression to AIDS was seen. Moreover, clinical improvement was observed, even though the patient did not receive long-term treatment. The clinical history of this patient suggests that lung T8-positive lymphocytic infiltration is associated with an increased risk of infectious episodes such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

[Isolated pulmonary lymphoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

We report the case of a male patient with AIDS who had been hospitalized for various opportunistic infections, from which he recovered, and was readmitted on account of a round opacity in the lower lobe of his right lung. There was no evidence of extrapulmonary pathology. Transtracheal aspiration, alveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy failed to identify the lesion. Lung biopsy after thoracotomy resulted in a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma type B with anti-IgA and anti-kappa antibodies. Despite chemotherapy the patient died within one month, the lymphoma having spread to both lungs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Value of the cytological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes].

In AIDS a variety of severe pulmonary disorders may occur. The authors report 110 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 43 AIDS and 41 ARC. In AIDS P. carinii pneumonia is the major cause of respiratory illness. BAL alone is a safe and valuable tool for diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia and others opportunistic infections. Moreover, pulmonary hemorrhage diagnosed by the finding of hemosiderin laden macrophages, is very suggestive of broncho-pulmonary Kaposi' sarcoma. Finally, BAL demonstrates a severe depletion of T4 lymphocytes and an increased number of T8 lymphocytes. The T8 lymphocytosis is observed whatever the pulmonary involvement (nonspecific alveolitis, opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma), and is also found in ARC, and lymphocytosis, open lung biopsy shows a lymphoid interstitial infiltration with respect of the alveolar septa, thus differing from the classical lymphoid interstitial pneumonia described by Carrington. The prognosis of lymphocytosis in ARC remains unknown.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Toxoplasma gondii pneumopathy in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: demonstration of the parasite by bronchioloalveolar lavage].

Toxoplasmosis is an infection frequently observed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Its first manifestations usually are cerebromeningal symptoms, but others may occur. A pulmonary lesion is sometimes present; it is discovered at post-mortem examination in most cases. The authors report a case of pulmonary toxoplasmosis diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Three points are emphasized: toxoplasmosis of the lung may produce an interstitial pneumonia similar to that of pneumocystosis; diagnosis can be made non-invasively by BAL, and provided an appropriate treatment is administered, the outcome may be favourable.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Endobronchial metastases of cancer. Apropos of 29 cases].

In a retrospective study covering a 3-year period, 29 cases were reviewed. All concerned patients with endoscopic abnormalities resembling those of a primary carcinoma and histologically of the same type as a previously known tumour affecting areas as diverse as the E.N.T. region (31%), the colorectal region (20.6%), the mammary gland (13.7%) or the bladder (10.3%). There was nothing particular in the clinical, radiological or endoscopic signs. In the vast majority of cases (27/29) the histological diagnosis was provided by bronchofibroscopy. Thus, not only does endoscopy frequently visualizes abnormalities in obviously secondary carcinomas, but it also diagnoses cancers with clinical, radiological and endoscopic features of primary cancers from which they are sometimes almost undistinguishable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary bilharziasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni with impairment of general state].

The authors report on one case of pulmonary bilharziosis at Schistosoma mansoni observed in a West-Indian female showing an impairing of her general condition with fever and dyspnea. Diagnosis was brought out by a pulmonary biopsy, after thoracotomy. Treatment by praziquantel was remarkably efficient. Scarcity of symptomatic cases and paucity of pulmonary radiological pictures are opposite of the frequency of pathological lesions in this parenchyma. The authors discuss the physiopathology of pulmonary bilharziosis in both their invading phase and state phase, as well as their frequency. They come to the conclusion that both parasitological examination of stools and biopsy of mucous membrane of rectum are simple, reliable and harmless implements of diagnosis.

Biopsy↗