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Biomedical subjects

P G Reed

Publications and source records attributed to P G Reed.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An emerging paradigm for the investigation of spirituality in nursing.

A paradigm is presented as a perspective for the investigation of spirituality in nursing. Elements in the paradigm include assumptions about the self-transcendent nature of human beings as derived from the developmental-contextual worldview, a description of spirituality in terms of various forms of connectedness integral to human development and health, and assumptions about the empirical and multidimensional nature of spirituality. Extant sources of conceptual, empirical, and clinical knowledge are utilized to support the ideas put forth in the emerging paradigm. It is concluded that the study of spirituality from the perspective of the paradigm would entail examination of the multiple expressions of connectedness intrapersonally, interpersonally, and transpersonally as related to human health and well-being.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1991

Preferences for spiritually related nursing interventions among terminally ill and nonterminally ill hospitalized adults and well adults.

The purpose of this study was to determine terminally ill and nonterminally ill hospitalized patients' preferences for spiritually related nursing interventions and to identify differences between the two groups. Additionally, preferences of well adults were examined in comparison to the hospitalized groups. Clinical knowledge in nursing as well as empirical work provided background for the study. Three hundred adults participated in the study by responding to structured and open-ended questions about specific nursing interventions that they thought would help meet their spiritual needs. Significant differences were found across the groups, including a higher preference for more direct, spiritually related nursing interventions and more negativity about the nurse's role in caregiving as expressed by the nonterminally ill group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Toward a nursing theory of self-transcendence: deductive reformulation using developmental theories.

The purpose of this article is to explicate the development of an emerging middle-range nursing theory of self-transcendence. The process of developing the theory was based largely on the method of "deductive reformulation." Using this strategy, theoretic knowledge derived from life span developmental psychology was reformulated based on Rogers' conceptual system. Clinical experience and empirical investigations were also important in the theory development process. The theory of self-transcendence is potentially useful for application in various nursing settings where clients' well-being may be compromised by end-of-life issues.

Human Development↗
PubMed1989

Nursing theorizing as an ethical endeavor.

This article addresses the ethical dimensions of nursing theorizing. Nursing theorizing, whether it occurs primarily at the outset or emerges during the process of inquiry, is inescapably linked to the theorist's value choices and beliefs about human beings, the environment, and health. These choices are reflected in the conceptual frame of one's research. The normative commitment of the conceptual frame is explored using examples from nursing and nonnursing research. Elements of critical ethical reflection are outlined. It is suggested that the discipline's understanding of what constitutes health and how best to promote health, as well as solutions to ethical dilemmas posed by research, may be enhanced by purposeful ethical inquiry that occurs as an integral component of theorizing activities.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1989

An analysis of the concept of self-neglect.

A dimension of self-care that has rarely been studied but that nonetheless poses serious problems for efforts to enhance health is self-neglect. Self-neglect here refers to clients who display a pattern of intentionally neglecting prescribed self-care activities despite available resources and knowledge. This article presents the results of a concept analysis of self-neglect as a first step toward further theory development, research, and eventual practical applications. The literature review addresses suicidology and noncompliance as areas significant to analysis of the concept. Ethical, personal, and esthetic as well as empirical sources of knowledge are included as relevant to the conceptualization of self-neglect. Several case examples are constructed to distinguish self-neglect from other health-related behaviors that are potentially harmful. Measures designed to address the complexity of the concept are outlined as the empirical referents. It is concluded that the concept analysis of self-neglect can help to extricate nurse theoreticians and clinicians from conceptual ruts so that new answers to old but challenging problems related to self-care will be discovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spirituality and well-being in terminally ill hospitalized adults.

Initial research into the significance of spirituality among terminally ill adults was extended. Two hypotheses were examined using three groups of 100 adults matched on age, gender, education, and religious background: a) Terminally ill hospitalized adults indicate a greater spiritual perspective than nonterminally ill hospitalized adults and healthy nonhospitalized adults. b) Spiritual perspective is positively related to well-being among terminally ill hospitalized adults. All 300 participants completed the Spiritual Perspective Scale, Index of Well-Being, and other information. Planned comparisons analysis results supported the first hypothesis; low but significant correlation lent support to the second hypothesis. Differences among groups on recent change in spiritual views also were examined; a significantly larger number of terminally ill adults indicated a change toward increased spirituality than did nonterminally ill or healthy adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Religiousness among terminally ill and healthy adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare terminally ill with healthy adults for differences in religiousness; sense of well-being also was explored. This study was based upon a conceptualization of dying as a developmental phase of life. It was hypothesized that terminally ill adults report greater religiousness than healthy adults. A terminally ill and a healthy group with 57 adults each were matched on four key variables: age, gender, education, and religious affiliation. All 114 participants completed two questionnaires: the Religious Perspective Scale and the Index of Well-Being. A t-test of differences between the group means supported the hypothesis (t (112) = 3.11, p less than .001). There was no difference between the groups on sense of well-being; both indicated moderately high levels of well-being. A positive relationship between religiousness and well-being was found in the healthy group (r = .43, p less than .001), but not in the terminally ill group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A model for constructing a conceptual framework for education in the clinical specialty.

A "Process Model" is described as an approach to developing and refining conceptual frameworks for education in the clinical specialties. A major characteristic of this approach is the borrowing of concepts from selected nursing models to construct the framework. Conceptual and empirical phases of the Model are discussed as they relate to clarifying the conceptual base of the clinical specialty. Applications of the Process Model to undergraduate and graduate education are presented.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1983

Implications of the life-span developmental framework for well-being in adulthood and aging.

This article addresses the significance of the life-span developmental framework for nursing. Essential characteristics of the framework are defined and explained. Adult development is presented as a progressive rather than a decremental phenomenon, involving a series of "trade-offs" from one phase to the next. The role of person-environment interactions is emphasized as a major factor in the adult's well-being and approach to life's problems and conflicts, including health-related events. The life-span developmental framework is identified as consistent with nursing conceptual models on human health and development.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-transcendence and mental health in oldest-old adults.

Patterns of self-transcendence that older adults report as being important to their emotional well-being are described in this study, and the relationship between self-transcendence and mental health symptomatology in oldest-old adults is investigated. The sample consisted of 55 independent-living older adults, 80 to 97 years old. Methodological trianglulation was used whereby qualitative data together with quantitative findings were examined. Four patterns of self-transcendence, congruent with the investigator's definition, were identified by the participants as being important to their sense of well-being: Generativity, Introjectivity, Temporal Integration, and Body-Transcendence. Results of Pearson correlation analysis and matrix analysis of data supported a relationship between self-transcendence and mental health found in previous research, thus demonstrating the importance of the expansion of self boundaries in older adults.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental resources and depression in the elderly.

A longitudinal study was carried out with 28 clinically depressed and 28 mentally healthy older adults, matched on age, sex, and years of education. Developmental resources and depression were measured on three occasions using the Developmental Resources of Later Adulthood and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scales. A 2 X (3) repeated measures factorial analysis of variance indicated that the depressed group had significantly lower developmental scores across all three time periods. Results of cross-lagged panel correlation analyses suggested that the direction of the relationship between developmental resources and depressive symptoms differed markedly between the two groups. The mentally healthy group showed a significant causal tendency for developmental resources to influence level of depression; a reverse trend was noted in the depressed group.

Aged↗