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Biomedical subjects

P G Shivananda

Publications and source records attributed to P G Shivananda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of darkground microscopy with serological tests in the diagnosis of leptospirosis with hepatorenal involvement--A preliminary study.

Darkground Microscopy (DGM) was initially done on Plasma in the Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal for 44 cases of suspected Leptospiral hepatorenal involvement. A total of 60 sera were collected from these patients and stored at -70 degrees C. Passiive haemagglutination test (PHA) was performed on 25 sera and latex agglutination test on 35 sera (Leptospira antigen Seiken) Leptospira was detected by Darkground Microscopy in 12 patients (27.27%). Serology was positive in 16 samples (36.36%) of which 7 (15.90%) by PHA and 9 by Latex agglutination (20.45%). Serological tests confirmed the findings of Darkground Microscopy. DGM was found to be simple and rapid and could be performed on all suspected patients.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Shigella and the fluorinated quinolones.

Between July 1996 to June 1997 a total of 531 Stool samples from cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentry, colitis admitted to Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal were investigated. Shigella were isolated from 29 samples (5.46%). Out of them, Shigella flexneri were 16 (55.17%), Shigella boydii 8 (27.58%), Shigella dysentriae 3 (10.34%) and Shigella sonnei 2 (6.89%). Five strains of Shigella flexneri and one strain of Shigella dysentriae were found to show resistance to Nalidixic acid and the newer fluoroquinolones viz., Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin. The in vitro 'R' factor transfer study showed that the resistance was not transferable.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1997

In vitro adhesiveness of Bacteroides fragilis group in relation to encapsulation.

The adhesive properties of the B. fragilis group to various erythrocytes were studied by haemagglutination technique and compared to encapsulation. Of the 61 strains of Bacteroides groups tested, only 40 strains of B. fragilis exhibited haemagglutination. Treatment of the organisms with carbohydrates and trypsin had no effect on haemagglutination, but boiling for one hour completely destroyed this property. Haemagglutinating activity of B. fragilis was found to be the highest with chick and tanned sheep erythrocytes. The presence of capsule was observed in 46 strains of B. fragilis group. Of the 40 strains of B. fragilis which exhibited agglutination, capsule was found only in 37. The findings of the study suggest a polysaccharide nature for the adhesin. The different patterns of haemagglutination, suggest the involvement of more than one adhesin. Capsule in capsulated strains and fimbriae in non-capsulated strains might be mediating the property of haemagglutination.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1997

Fish meal extract bile esculin agar (FMBE) a selective medium for Bacteroides fragilis group.

Fish meal extract bile esculin agar (FMBE) is prepared using Fish meal extract concentrate as the basal substance, for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of B.fragilis group. The efficiency of the medium was evaluated by growing stock cultures of B.fragilis groups as well as inoculating clinical specimens and comparing the results with Bacteroides bile esculin agar (BBE). All the 87 stock cultures of B.fragilis grew on FMBE and BBE. No other anaerobes tested grew on the medium. However 7 out of 65 neomycin resistant aerobes grew on the FMBE. From the 100 clinical samples, 62 strains of B. Fragilis group were recovered on FMBE and BBE, and 53 strains on supplemented BHIBA. The cost effectiveness, selectivity and the ability to detect esculin hydrolysis will enable FMBE as a suitable medium as comparable to that of BBE, if not superior.

Agar↗
PubMed1997

Inhibition of phagocytosis of E. coli by B. fragilis group--an in vitro study.

Bacteriodes fragilis group can inhibit the phagocytosis and killing of co-existing aerobes. Forty six strains of B.fragilis group are tested for their ability to resist phagocytosis and inhibit the killing of indicator organism, E. coli by denoting the viable count. Among the species of B. fragilis group, the inhibitory index of the phagocytic system was the highest with B. fragilis followed by B. thetaiotamicron. None of the strains of B. fragilis group were phagocytosed or killed in this system. This property of resisting the phagocytosis and killing of E. coli by B. fragilis group might be the contributing factor towards their prevalence in mixed infections.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1995

Viral diarrhoea in a rural coastal region of Karnataka India.

A total of 106 children below 5 years of age admitted to the Kasturba Medical College Hospital Manipal Karnataka (South India) were investigated over a period of 6 months to determine the aetiological role of viruses in acute diarrhoea. Viral aetiological agents isolated were Rotaviruses in 12 (11 per cent) cases, Adenoviruses in 3 (3 per cent) cases, coronavirus and astroviruses in two (2 per cent) cases each. Non-viral isolates were Cryptosporidium and Salmonella typhimurium in two cases each, and Entamoeba histolytica and Shigella flexneri in one case each.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1995

Effect of trace metals on synthesis of exoproteins and exotoxins by Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus did not grow in chemically defined medium completely free of trace metals. At low concentrations all the trace metals showed stimulating effect on growth and exoprotein production. Increasing concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were growth stimulatory whereas Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ were inhibitory. The amount of exoprotein and haemolytic exotoxins produced in relation to final viable count increased with increasing concentrations of growth inhibitory trace metals whereas it decreased with increasing concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Trace metals did not show significant influence on amount of haemolytic exotoxins produced in relation to total exoproteins. The results indicate presence of a common regulatory mechanism for all types of exoproteins produced by S. aureus.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1995

In vitro susceptibility of multiple drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium to newer fluroquinolone derivatives.

A total of 105 strains of Salmonella typhimurium resistant to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole and Nalidixic acid were included in the present study. Among the new line of Fluroquinolones resistance to Ciprofloxacin (3.8%), Norflox (16.19%) and Ofloxacin (24.76%) was very low as compared to older antibiotics. All the 3 fluoroquinolones had MIC values less than 1 mcg/ml.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1994

Fungal colonization in gastric ulcers.

Until now studies on fungal colonization of gastric ulcers were retrospective involving small series of patients. This prospective study of 50 patients with gastric ulcers (25 benign and 25 malignant) revealed colonization by Candida in 17 (34%) cases. There was no significant difference in colonization between benign and malignant ulcers. Follow up revealed no difference in healing of ulcers with or without fungal colonization.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bacteriological study of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised hosts.

Sixty bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected from lung cancer patients attending the Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit of the Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal; were cultured for both the aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Fifty nine samples yielded bacteria in pure culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.8%) was the commonest aerobe, Peptostreptococcus was the commonest anaerobe (45.2%) isolated. Bacteroides fragilis was isolated in (23.8%) of cases. Gentamycin was found to be effective against aerobes, Metronidazole and Rifampicin against anaerobes.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1994

Correlation of phospholipase A & enterotoxin production by Salmonella typhimurium with reference to virulence parameters.

Seventy strains of S. typhimurium along with 10 strains each of S. typhi and S. paratyphi B, 3 strains of S. enteritidis and 2 strains of S. senftenberg were examined for phospholipase A (PLA) activity. S. typhimurium positive for PLA activity (17.14%) were subjected to study of other virulence parameters like enterotoxin production, haemolytic activity, surface hydrophobicity and antibiotic sensitivity. A high degree of correlation was observed between PLA activity and enterotoxin production, antibiotic sensitivity and cell surface hydrophobicity respectively.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Effect of trace metals on production of exoprotein and beta-lactamase by Staphylococcus aureus.

A minimum concentration of 0.01 mM of Mg2+ was essential for any growth of S. aureus. Of the trace metals, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were highly stimulatory for growth. All trace metals except Ni2+ in small concentrations were stimulatory for growth and exoprotein production. Amounts of exoprotein and beta-lactamase produced relative to the number of viable cells were maximum during the period of suboptimal proliferation of bacteria. Trace metals did not significantly influence the amount of beta-lactamase produced relative to exoprotein.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Invasive maxillary aspergillosis in an otherwise healthy individual.

Invasive aspergillosis is usually seen in immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a 56-year-old immunocompetent housewife with Aspergillus niger invading the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses and extending to the anterior cranial fossa. A. niger grew on three occasions (from the biopsy, mass and dura mater). In spite of medial maxillectomy and ethmoidectomy followed by craniofacial resection and antifungal drugs (amphotericin B) the patient died on tenth post-operative day.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1994

Effect of magnesium on the physiology of Staphylococcus aureus.

The role of magnesium (Mg2+) in the metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus was studied using a chemically defined medium. At least 0.01 mM Mg2+ was required for any growth of S. aureus. Increasing concentration of Mg2+ up to 1.6mM steadily increased the bacterial growth. Glucose utilisation and acid production were also influenced by Mg2+. Excessive cobalt (Co2+) and zinc (Zn2+) were inhibitory to S. aureus growth and Mg2+ could reverse the inhibitory effect.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1994

Rapid identification of Salmonella typhimurium in stools by using 4-methylumbelliferone derivatives.

A total of 150 stool samples were collected from the Paediatric ward and screened for the presence of Salmonella typhimurium. A comparison of standard biochemical tests and rapid fluorescence method was done. The fluorescence method was found to be rapid, less time consuming and easy to perform whereas identification of Salmonella typhimurium using standard biochemical tests taken 18 to 24 hours.

Child↗