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P G Turillazzi

Publications and source records attributed to P G Turillazzi.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Longitudinal characterization of CD4, CD8 T-cell subsets and of haematological parameters in healthy newborns of cynomolgus monkeys.

A longitudinal characterization of immune cell subpopulations (lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ cells), of routine haematological parameters and of immunoglobulin serum levels was carried out in newborn Macaca fascicularis starting from 1 week up to 1 year of life. In neonates, the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes is almost double, while the percentage of CD8+ cells is lower than that found in adult monkeys (> 5-years old). An inverted trend in the percentage of the two T-lymphocyte subpopulations was observed during the weeks following birth, with a progressive increase of circulating CD8+, paralleled by a decrease of CD4+ cell number. Consequently, the CD4/CD8 ratio slowly decreases, even if, at 12 months of life, it is still higher than that found in adult animals. Several differences were also noted between young and adult monkeys with regard to the total number of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Haematological parameters did not show consistent differences with respect to adult values. The plasma IgG level is high at birth, then decreases until 6 months of life, while the IgM and IgA values are very low during the first weeks of life but increase in the following period. Our data showed that variations of immunological (CD4+, CD8+ cells) patterns and of some haematological parameters in M. fascicularis are dependent on age. These variations should be therefore considered whenever young animals are used in experimental protocols.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Role of delivery on serum iron-related parameters in Macaca fascicularis females.

Few data exist on the iron status and metabolism in macaques, which are considered optimal models for the study of reproductive biology and anemia. The delivery influence on the hematological parameters of iron metabolism was investigated in adult Macaca fascicularis females during late pregnancy and at 6 weeks postpartum follow-up. No significant differences were detected for each parameter by one-way analysis of variance. A decrease of all parameters was observed at delivery. During the following weeks, however, the hematological values progressively came back to normal. In conclusion, notwithstanding the increased need of iron faced during pregnancy, a balanced diet, including iron, does not allow the development of either iron deficiency or sideropenic anemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Oral bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in pregnant mice. I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality.

Pregnant Swiss mice were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) on d 6-15 of gestation. At birth litters were normalized to eight pups, and postnatal evaluation of pup growth rate and behavioral observations of dams were carried out. Litters were sacrificed on postnatal days (pnd) 7, 14, and 21, to perform hematological analysis, in connection with another study. Dam weight gain was impaired in all the treated groups (except at the lowest dose level) in the late phase of gestation. A high incidence of anticipated or delayed parturitions, without any correlation with fetal mass, was observed in the treated groups. All the treated dams showed a significant increase in resorptions, and a decrease in body weight gain between gestational day (gd) 6 and pnd 1. At birth, only the 20 and 30 mg/kg dose groups showed reduced litter size and reduced pup weight. Body weight gain reduction of pups persisted in wk 1 of life only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups. In addition, the maternal weight trend was affected during the lactation period in the higher dose groups. Postnatal death rate and growth rate of treated pups were affected by an altered maternal behavior; pups, apparently viable and with normal weight, were found often scattered throughout the cage with signs of wounds, and the percentage of dams that had not built a nest increased in the 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg dose groups. Total absence of parental care was noted in many litters, and many infanticidal events were reported. Our results seem to confirm low TBTO embryofetotoxicity, and strongly support the assumption that TBTO's toxicity to the mother is much stronger than its embryo-fetotoxic potential. Most of the reproductive parameters examined in this study were unaffected in the low-dose group, while some indices, such as gestation length and maternal weight gain between gd 6 and pnd 1, were markedly altered also at the 5 mg/kg dose level and appear to be sensitive parameters in assessing maternal toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Oral bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in pregnant mice. II. Alterations in hematological parameters.

The effect of in utero TBTO exposure on blood composition in neonates, pups during weaning, and dams in the same period were investigated in mice. The dams were gavaged at dose levels 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg TBTO/kg body weight on gestational days 6-15. At birth, litters were culled to eight pups, and blood analysis was performed on excess pups. On d 7, 14, and 21 the entire litters were sacrificed and blood (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and differential leukocyte count) of dams and pups was analyzed. Blood analysis of neonates revealed enhanced WBC count and altered red-cell parameters. Increase in WBC persisted until postnatal day (pnd) 21, while red-cell parameters regained normal values on pnd 7. No significant differences were found in thymus and spleen weights in the treated groups. Dams presented no alteration in blood composition or of spleen or thymus weights. The results of this investigation revealed that in utero exposure to TBTO induces a nonspecific alteration of hematological parameters in mice, but further studies are necessary to understand whether our results are either dependent on maternal status or a direct effect of TBTO on embryonic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of subchronic bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) oral administration on haematological parameters in monkeys: a preliminary report.

A preliminary study was conducted on adult male crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) orally exposed to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) at doses of 0 and 160 micrograms/kg/day, 6 days/wk, for 22 wk. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or changes in body weight gain were detected during the course of the study. The haematological analyses performed every 2 wk indicated a decrease in total leucocyte count in the treated animals with significant values in wk 8, 10 and 22 of treatment. No differences from controls were noted in clinical chemistry and total tin concentration in blood. These preliminary data on the toxicity of TBTO in the primate model are intended to be an initial contribution towards a better evaluation of the potential toxicological hazard of TBTO to humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Heroin induces changes in mother-infant monkey communication and subsequent disruption of their dyadic interaction.

Heroin was given in a single, low dose (0.2 mg/kg i.v.) to the mother monkey of mother-infant pairs, living in a stable community of 30 individuals (Macaca fascicularis; six pairs treated plus six controls, in experiments repeated twice). The drug did not induce alterations in the response of the mother to the infant's calling signals when they were placed in a new environment denoting a potentially dangerous situation. However, after being returned to the community cage, the treated mother rarely responded to the infant's calling (non-alarming, non-vocal) signals (P less than 0.02). This behaviour was followed by an increased latency of the infant-to-mother approach, by a diminution of the reciprocal ventroventral clasping as well as a diminution of the overall duration of clasping, and by an increase in nipple suckling (unusual for the age), as compared to saline-treated controls (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.02, P less than 0.025, and P less than 0.05, respectively). Analysis of behavioural sequences strongly confirmed this relationship among data (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.025). Even short lasting, pharmacologically induced failure in the non-vocal communication of a mother monkey may in itself constitute a pathogenetic mechanism. This is an important cause of the disruption of her dyadic interaction with the infant which consequently upsets the infant's behaviour.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed1990

Embryotoxic evaluation of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in mice.

Pregnant mice were treated on days 6-15 of gestation with 5, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO), and sacrificed on gestational day 17. At the highest dose TBTO caused a significant reduction of maternal body weight gain and also proved to be highly embryotoxic. Necropsy showed a dose-related decrease in spleen weight while a dose-dependent increase in placental weight was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of the presence of warfarin-resistant rats in the city of Reggio Calabria].

The aim of this work was to examine the possible presence, in the city of Reggio Calabria, of rats resistant to anticoagulant rodenticides. To carry out such an investigation trappings were effected in four sectors of the city characterized by different urban structures. The data collected were utilized, in a first phase, to obtain evaluation indexes of the state of rat infestation which turned out to be quite worrying. Applying the W.H.O. methods it resulted that 8,6% of the captured rats, all belonging to the species Rattus norvegicus, is resistant to anticoagulants. Keeping in mind the sites where these specimens were captured, this resistance phenomenon seems to be present in all the urban territory.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of an anticoagulant rodenticide on the female albino rat with offspring].

Lactating female albino rats have been treated with coumatetralyl rodenticide, having anticoagulant activity. The letal effect on mothers was of 40% (using a maximum concentration of toxic substance) while it was of 54% in offsprings. Among the probable causes of death in offsprings, the authors suggest the hypothesis that an interference in the relationship mother-offsprings is due to the influence of coumatetralyl on parental behavior.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral immunity factors in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) serum: immunoglobulins and total light chains in nursing dams.

This study was aimed at the identification of variations in humoral immunity parameters during the lactation period in macaque females, a recognized model in reproductive physiology and pathology. The importance of such evaluation is evidenced in particular by the central role played by the maternally transferred immunity to the progeny. The trends of serum immunoglobulins and light chains were characterized by immunonephelometry during the 6-months of lactation. The levels attained by nursing females were evaluated against a control group. The main modifications induced by lactation were in the IgM class, whose levels remained constantly lower than in the control group; the other Igs, even if showing different trends, returned to levels comparable to the control group by the end of the sixth month. Light chains quantification evidenced a significant decrease in Kappa levels; Lambda chains showed a similar trend. The variation of the Kappa/Lambda ratio was therefore minimal.

Analysis of Variance↗