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Biomedical subjects

P Gallet

Publications and source records attributed to P Gallet.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Time required for training in colonoscopy. Prospective study of 362 consecutive tests].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the time required for training in colonoscopy during one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All complete colonoscopies performed under general anesthesia in patients having an intact colon were included. RESULTS: The mean duration of 362 colonoscopies was 23 +/- 12 min. The time required by a senior alone was 19 +/- 9 min (n = 129). There was a significant increase in procedural time (P = 0.001) if a trainee was involved in the case (n = 68) (28 +/- 12 min) and if an assistant carried out the procedure (n = 165) alone (25 +/- 14 min) or with a trainee (27 +/- 9 min). We estimated the time which would have been required for the seniors to perform all the colonoscopies. This time was increased by 24.4% by education of trainees and self-training of assistants. CONCLUSION: The duration of colonoscopy is increased by education, the cost of which should be assessed.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

The radicular dentine temperature during laser irradiation: an experimental study.

The detoxification and sterilization radicular surfaces that have been produced by periodontal diseases could be accomplished after polishing (root planing) using the thermal elevation resulting from CO2 laser on continuous emission. In vitro experiments reveal that thermal elevations reached on the surfaces or in the depth are proportional to the dispersed energy. The thermal elevation in the depth (0.5-1 mm from the impact point) remained moderate because of the water absorption potentials of the radiations. Energies from 2 to 4.5 J can help obtain the combination of surface temperature elevation, which allows detoxification, and of a thermal elevation in the depth, compatible with vital tissues. This energy has to be delivered at an application time under 0.6 sec in continuous mode.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Levels of mutagens in the urine of smokers of black and blond tobacco correlate with their risk of bladder cancer.

Levels of urinary mutagens, thioethers, N-nitrosamino acids, nitrate, nicotine, cotinine and creatinine were measured in 21 non-smokers, 26 smokers of blond tobacco, 9 smokers of black tobacco and 5 smokers of both types of tobacco, all eating a similar diet. Results were expressed either per 24 h urine or per mmol creatinine. The sum of urinary nicotine and cotinine levels (N + C) was used as a measure of exposure to the number of cigarettes smoked. Statistically significant positive dose-effect relationships were obtained between the urinary N + C levels and (i) the number of revertants (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, with a metabolic activation system); (ii) the concentration of thioethers; (iii) the levels of N-nitrosoproline or the sum of all nitrosamino acids excreted and (iv) the amount of urinary nitrate. No such correlation was found between N + C levels and induction potency in the SOS chromotest. A linear dose-effect relationship between urinary mutagenicity (i.e. log revertants of S. typhimurium TA98) and N + C levels or number of cigarettes per day was established for smokers of blond tobacco. After adjustment for N + C levels, the urine of smokers of black tobacco contained twice as much mutagenic material as did the urine of blond tobacco smokers (P = 0.02). For other exposure markers, no statistically significant difference was found between the two types of smokers. Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of urinary bladder cancer is 2.5 times higher in smokers of black tobacco than in blond tobacco. Therefore, our findings on urinary mutagenicity provide experimental evidence that the type of tobacco is the factor responsible for the observed difference in risk and that smoking of black as compared to blond tobacco results in a higher exposure of the urinary bladder to genotoxic hence potentially carcinogenic substances.

Cotinine↗
PubMed1986

[Erythema annulare centrifugum revealing linear IgA dermatitis of childhood].

Linear IgA dermatitis was diagnosed in a 13-year old girl with erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) on the basis of the criteria laid down by Jablonska: vesiculo-bullous eruption with specific patterns on subsequent flare-ups, subepidermal vesicles and bullae with papillary eosinophilic abscesses in erythematous areas, positive linear IgA antibody response at direct immunofluorescence in the lamina basal, absence of intolerance to gluten and responsiveness to sulfapyridine and dapsone. This patient was followed up for 10 years. During the first 5 years any attempt at withdrawing dapsone resulted in quick relapse which always remained responsive to that drug. After 5 years discontinuing dapsone was no longer followed by relapse, and the girl was considered clinically cured. Yet direct immunofluorescence in healthy skin remained positive for 2 years after treatment was stopped, as has previously been reported. At the age of 23, after 5 years without treatment the patient remained cured. This case demonstrates that linear IgA dermatitis is one of the causes of EAC. Autoimmune bullous diseases, such as pemphigus with eosinophilic spongiosis, bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis, are known to present as EAC. Direct cutaneous immunofluorescence is necessary to the aetiological diagnosis of EAC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Dermatological manifestations of synovial cysts of the lower limbs (author's transl)].

Two cases of synovial cysts of the knees are reported. Thier emergeing point located far away from the joint they originate from can make the diagnosis be difficult. Puncture allows to remove synovial fluid and to inject a radio-active iodine compound to realise a cystography. The radiography of the joint demonstrates an already existing joint disease. The atypical aspects of synovial cysts are emphasized on the basis of then two cases such as pseudo-phlebitic, pseudo-arteritic, inflammatory and fistulised. The presentation of synovial cysts of the legs is frequently dermatological. The diagnosis must be suspected in order to avoid a dermatological biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Pemphigus foliaceus in a child. A two years follow-up under steroid. An immunosuppression therapy (author's transl)].

The observation of pemphigus foliaceus out of endemic zone in a six-year-old child is reported. The rate of anti-ICS antibodies is very high (1/6,400). The direct immunofluorescence shows the common aspect of epidermic network between the cells. Fluorescence basement membrane has been found with monospecific anti-C3 sera, and after remission with the monospecific anti-IgG sera. The clinical, histological and immunological relationship between pemphigus foliaceus in its sporadic and endemic forms and pemphigus erythematosus are discussed. The clinical and immunological regression is obtained by association of prednisone and immunodepressive therapy. After two years of treatment the maintenance dosis is not yet reached. A review of ten previous reported cases of pemphigus foliaceus in children in its sporadic form is presented.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[W-shaped napkin rash in infants (author's transl)].

The W-shaped napkin rash affects mainly the convex parts of the perianal region of infants, avoiding the fold and perianal cleft. The dermatitis is of traumatic origin due to the friction of paper napkins. It heals under antiseptic treatment on condition that the use of paper napkins and rubber pants, which cause occlusion is stopped temporarily.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1975

[Penetrating hyperkeratosis of an amputated limb].

On the stump of amputated limbs, a peculiar hyperkeratotic chronic lesion may be observed. The histological picture of this lesion shows a hyperkeratotic plug perforating the epidermis. In the dermis disorganised keratine lamelles are found. This lesion could be differenciated from Kyrle's disease by the fact that it consists of a single lesion of traumatic origin and by the presence of hypertrophic bundles underlying the hyperkeratosis.

Amputation Stumps↗