Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Gayral.
The trypanocidal activity of a new class of arsenical compounds, the spiroarsorans, was investigated against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The most active compound was found to be effective at a dose of 30 mg.kg-1 and had low toxicity.
Dipetalonema dessetae in Proechimys oris, the natural final host is a rodent filariasis model used as an in vivo antifilarial screening test. The laboratory vector is Aedes aegypti. Infective larvae L3 isolated from the intermediate host develop and remain healthy for up to 30 days in a biphasic culture medium composed of a cell feeder layer (L 929) and RPMI 1640 supplemented with foetal calf serum. This culture technique has enabled us to screen antifilarial compounds on a new in vitro test. This model has been tested to several pharmacological classes of anthelmintics and effective concentrations 90% are given: diethylcarbamazine 430 mg/l, suramin 490 mg/l, Mel W 3.5 mg/l, mebendazole 78 mg/l, flubendazole 45 mg/l, levamisole 0.55 mg/l, morantel 0.62 mg/l, ivermectin 1.2 mg/l, amoscanate 2.3 mg/l. In vitro test response is remarkable for neurotoxic anthelmintics and nitro-compounds. Furthermore, all compounds considered as reference filaricides are active. For each compound, the in vitro and in vivo results have been compared to appreciate usefulness as well as limits of this in vitro test.
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With a Filaria of Rodent whose microfilariae are periodic and diurnal, and destroyed by DEC, the authors don't observe the immediate rise of microfilaria count sometimes noted following treatment of periodic filaria during the low phase of microfilaremia. Moreover, the microfilaremia falls at 30% of the pre-treatment level after 15 mn. This may be in relation with the swift digestive absorption, as detected by the rise of the DEC serum level, whose maximum is reached within 15 mn.
Dipetalonema dessetae in Proechimys oris is a new model of rodent feafilariasis with several interesting features with respect to its utilisation in antifilarial pharmacology. 1. In the first part of these studies, it has been shown that the final host of the filaria, a rodent, was easy to breed. A prolific mosquito Aedes aegypti was an effective vector, and with the selected mode of infection i.e. 200 infesting larvae subcutaneously injected, 80% of the rodents were infected. 2. From 90 to 150 days p.i., the microfilaria count increased and reach a plateau which was maintained during 60 days. This plateau has enabled the evaluation of microfilaricidal activity. A drug exhibited a significative (0,10) microfilaricidal activity in two animals if the microfilaremia were reduced to 87% and 83,6% of pretreatment values, two or six weeks after treatment. 3. Identically, a compound would present a significative (0,12) macrofilaricidal effect if not a single male and not more than 1,6 female filaria were found at the autopsy of both animals six weeks after treatment. Activity on immature worms (3rd and 4th instar larvae, young adults) was qualitatively evaluated by the presence or absence of filaria at the autopsy of rodents which have been treated at various dates depending of the stages. 4. The sensitivity of this model was evaluated with several known antifilarial drugs, some of them unused by human patients. Diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, suramin, mebendazole and flubendazole killed adults, microfilariae and infesting larvae. Mel W was mainly macrofilaricidal and trichlorfon active on mf. Among all laboratory filariae, D. dessetae in P. oris is one of the most sensitive rodent models and, as such, would serve for the primary screening of new chemical compounds and for the pharmacological studies of antifilarial drugs.
In this study, our aim was to analyse the prescriptions of drugs used to improve Alzheimer's disease at CHS Paul Guiraud. This study was carried out a posteriori on 16 hospitalized patients. We have seen that for our patients there is no general rule, nor therapeutic scheme but the choice of treatment is carried out according to the professional experience of the physician. The treatment therefore is composed of symptomatic drugs alone or associated with etiologic drugs. Eleven anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs were prescribed. Alimemazine is the most prescribed in the sixteen cases. The preferential use of this drug can be explained by its presentation in the form of drops. In two cases, behavioural improvements were noted, in two other cases, we noted accentuation of dementia. Meprobamate used in seven cases of the sixteen, was never used alone. We find neuroleptics in fifteen of the sixteen cases studied: In seven cases they were administered from the beginning of the hospitalisation; for the others they were introduced later during a phase of agitation or delirium. On the whole, they were effective on aggressive agitation, in particular thioridazine. Eight of the patients, were treated with halopéridol. In two cases, the behaviour disorders were not stopped; in four cases, there was a worsening of dementia. We noted depression in 6 cases from the beginning of hospitalization, and two cases during hospitalization. The anti-depressive drugs besides their main effect, reduce also anxiety. In two cases, we observed an aggravation of disorientation and confusion following of the prescription of amitryptiline and mianserine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)