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Biomedical subjects

P Goddard

Publications and source records attributed to P Goddard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging of extracranial head and neck tumours.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the investigation of head and neck tumours (excluding those primarily arising from the central nervous system or orbits) has been investigated. Follow-up data were obtained on 45 scans on 42 patients. MRI provided significant additional information compared with computed tomography (CT) in nine out of 17 (53%) scans performed for staging purposes. In the assessment of 19 patients with suspected tumour recurrence, MRI demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 80% and an accuracy of 89%.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1991

R-[N-acetyl]eglin c:poly(oxyethylene) conjugates: preparation, plasma persistence, and urinary excretion.

In this paper, we describe the preparation, purification, and characterization of conjugates of R-[N-acetyl]eglin c (Eglin c) with poly(oxyethylene) (POE; Eglin c:POE). The plasma profile and urinary excretion of the conjugates has been determined after iv administration in mice. The modification of Eglin c with POE does not significantly impair the ability of Eglin c to bind elastase as measured by an in vitro assay. In the best example, 79% of theoretical activity was retained by the conjugate. The in vivo results clearly show that the amount of Eglin c:POE in plasma after iv administration is much higher than comparative doses of unconjugated Eglin c. The time course of the plasma concentration of the conjugate matches closely that of the corresponding free polymer. Consequently, we can expect that higher plasma concentration could be achieved, if and when required, by selecting polymers of appropriate size.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in cystic fibrosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest was performed on eight patients with known cystic fibrosis. Comparison was made with the findings on plain chest radiographs. MRI shows a greater extent of disease than that predicted by the chest films alone and clearly demonstrates peribronchial thickening and mucoid impacted bronchi. It also distinguishes between hilar lymphadenopathy and enlarged proximal pulmonary vessels as the cause of prominent hilar shadows without the need for contrast injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of prostate cancer.

A group of 32 patients with a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to stage the disease. TRUS was more sensitive in the detection of tumour and in the detection of direct extracapsular spread. MRI was more sensitive in the detection of tumour involvement of the seminal vesicles and bladder base. MRI allowed the detection of lymphadenopathy and bone metastases in the lumbosacral spine and pelvis. During MRI the short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence was found to be particularly useful for the detection of tumour spread. TRUS and MRI are complementary investigations and for the accurate staging of prostatic malignancy both investigations should be used.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis of the knee: correlation with radiographic and scintigraphic findings.

Twelve knees with a range of severity of knee osteoarthritis were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and technetium-99m labelled hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scintigraphy. Five magnetic resonance pulse sequences were evaluated. Proton density (TR = 1000, TE = 26 ms) and STIR (TR = 1500, TI = 100, TE = 30 ms) were chosen for further use. Abnormalities shown by MRI included joint effusions, meniscal disruption, hyaline cartilage thinning, subchondral signal changes, pseudocysts, and heterogeneity of signal from osteophytes. Certain MRI and scintigraphic appearances correlated: (a) 'hyperintense osteophytosis' and ipsilateral 'tramline' scintigraphic uptake, suggesting increased fat content in 'active' osteophytes; (b) subchondral signal change and 'extended' pattern, possibly reflecting inflammation, synovial leak, or fibrovascular repair; (c) patellofemoral joint signal changes and patellar isotope uptake.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

CT appearances of relapse of lymphoma in the lung.

The patterns of pulmonary relapse were studied in 15 patients with Hodgkin's disease and one patient with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All the patients with Hodgkin's disease had mediastinal lymphadenopathy at initial diagnosis. For those patients with no prior episodes of relapse the mean time to pulmonary involvement was 2 years 11 months compared to over 8 years for those who first relapsed elsewhere. Thirteen patients are still alive; five have been followed up for more than 2 years. Pulmonary involvement consisted of: 1. nodules, either central (12 patients) or peripheral (10 patients), often with connection to the pleura or mediastinum, and sometimes with cavitation; 2. consolidation with or without cavitation (four patients); 3. mediastinal extension into the lung parenchyma (three patients). In seven patients there was evidence of newly enlarged mediastinal nodes. Pleural effusions or masses were seen in six patients and pericardial involvement in one. The chest wall was involved in five. A combination of three or more of these signs were present in 11 patients. The pattern of involvement seen in the patient with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was indistinguishable from that seen in Hodgkin's disease. This study has demonstrated a variety of CT appearances useful in establishing or suggesting the diagnosis of pulmonary relapse. Enlarged mediastinal nodes were not a prerequisite but had been present in all patients at some stage in the course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and endosonography in the local staging of carcinoma of the cervix.

Thirty-seven patients with carcinoma of the cervix were prospectively staged by examination under anaesthesia (EUA), transvaginal and transrectal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pathological correlation was available for 20 patients. In the pathologically staged patients, EUA agreed with the staging in 17, understaging three patients. Endosonography agreed with the staging in 19, CT in 16 and MRI in 18 patients. For the remaining 17 patients, endosonography agreed with the EUA findings in 13, CT in 12 and MRI in 12. This study has shown that endosonography and MRI are more accurate than CT in the local staging of carcinoma of the cervix. Computed tomography was least accurate in staging early tumours and differentiating between Stage Ib and IIb disease. Lymph node involvement was detected with equal frequency by both CT and MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in identifying vaginal and bladder wall involvement and in one patient showed features due to an unsuspected early pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary changes in breast cancer patients treated by three different radiotherapy techniques.

Twenty eight patients with breast cancer were studied by CT, perfusion scans and pulmonary function tests to assess the extent of post-irradiation changes. The patients had been treated by three treatment techniques using either two, three or four fields with different amounts of lung included in the target volume. The most extensive changes were seen in those patients who received treatment to the mediastinum.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Correlates of suicidal ideation in a community sample of children and adolescents.

The correlates of suicidal ideation were studied in a community sample of 210 children and adolescents. Psychopathology of the child by the child's report and by the parent's report was analyzed, as well as analysis of the psychopathology of the parent. Fourteen children [corrected] in this sample reported suicidal ideation. Parents were generally not aware of their children's suicidal ideations. Children who reported suicidal ideation showed significantly more psychopathology than children who did not. The parents of children with suicidal ideation reported that their children had more externalizing but fewer internalizing symptoms than reported by their children. Parents of children who reported suicidal ideations were themselves experiencing a greater intensity of psychological distress. The implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic imaging of post-irradiation changes in the chest.

Thirty-nine patients were studied with regard to post-irradiation changes in the chest. Twenty of these were reviewed retrospectively and 19 studied prospectively. All patients had chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of the chest following radiotherapy. Nineteen also had ventilation and perfusion studies of the lung, including single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and these were correlated with the chest radiographs and computed tomography. The majority showed abnormalities on computed tomography, the commonest being areas of lung opacification and evidence of volume loss. Several patients also showed a reduction in the size of pulmonary vessels. In most but not all, the changes were also seen on the chest radiographs. Abnormalities were not confined to the radiation fields, the vascular changes being present in large areas of lung which had not been directly irradiated. The structural and functional abnormalities correlated well as shown by ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy. However, single photon emission computed tomography was more sensitive than planar scintigraphy in showing perfusion defects, and it also showed some defects in areas of lung which appeared normal on computed tomography and the chest film. Computed and photon emission tomography were considerably more sensitive than chest radiography in showing the changes due to irradiation. The chest radiograph is clearly an insensitive indicator of post-irradiation change in the lung. Functional abnormalities are more profound and extensive than the chest film suggests, even when it is positive. There are clear implications for the planning of radiotherapy fields affecting the chest in patients who have good prospects of long-term survival. The maximum damage is related to irradiation of the hilum or mediastinum and this should be avoided wherever possible.

Adult↗