Biomedical subjects
P Goldstein
Publications and source records attributed to P Goldstein.
Accessory nuclei in female Ascaris suum.
Accessory nuclei were observed in early meiotic prophase (leptotene) in female Ascaris suum but such structures were absent in meiosis in males. Accessory nuclei also were observed during the prediminution embryonic divisions. All embryos did not have accessory nuclei, thus, those embryos with these structures may be female since the accessory nuclei are maternal-limited. Accessory nuclei were not observed after the fourth embryonic division, at which stage the process of chromatin diminution begins. The eliminated chromatin may be composed in part of DNA from accessory nuclei.
Randomised clinical trial of perioperative cefazolin in preventing infection after hysterectomy.
To determine the efficacy of perioperative cefazolin in preventing pelvic and wound infections after elective non-radical hysterectomy, a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was done. Among 86 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, those who received three perioperative 1 g doses of cefazolin (44) had significantly fewer pelvic infections (21% vs. 2%); less standard febrile morbidity (31% vs. 14%); shorter length of stay (LOS); and fewer courses of antibiotics postoperatively. There was no reduction in rate of urinary-tract infection (UTI) (21% vs. 23%). Among 429 women having abdominal hysterectomy, the 206 who received cefazolin had significantly lower rates of wound and pelvic infections (21% vs. 14%), UTI (21% vs. 9%), and febrile morbidity (20% vs. 14%). They also had shorter LOS and received fewer courses of antibiotics postoperatively. Use of perioperative cefazolin was not accompanied by more side-effects. Three doses of perioperative cefazolin seem to be safe, efficacious, and cost-effective in preventing infection after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.
The ultrastructure of sperm development in the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla.
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Karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. II. The tetraploid and an aneuploid hybrid.
In the plant-parasite nematode Heterodera glycines, 2 forms, in addition to the diploid (9 bivalents), have been isolated and analysed: a tetraploid (18 bivalents) and an aneuploid (14 bivalents, hybrid between the diploid and the tetraploid). Observations on the formation of their karyotypes indicates normal and non-homologous pairing. Eighteen normal synaptonemal complexes (SC) are present in pachytene nuclei of the tetraploid. Two of the SCs are enclosed in a large heterochromatin mass that is displaced to one side of the nucleus. Such a mass has not been observed in the diploid or the aneuploid. Another 2 normal SCs of the tetraploid have each a 'modified SC region' (MSC) within which the SC appears disorganized. The aneuploid has 14 SCs that are unattached at either end. Only 25% of the karyotype length is normal in the appearance of the SCs. The rest can be traced by the presence of disorganized SC material and condensed chromatin. Four MSCs are present in the hybrid nuclei. The possible role of the MSCs in the sex determination system is discussed.
Fetal acceleration determinations and perinatal outcome.
The importance of a laboratory test, especially when used as a screening procedure, is its ability to accurately provide information which can be used in the clinical management of patients. The fetal acceleration determination (FAD) has been utilized by many clinical obstetric services to assess the fetus at risk and to avoid the cumbersome and expensive oxytocin challenge test (OCT). In an effort to determine the usefulness of this modality in assessing the high-risk obstetric patient, a retrospective study of FADs was performed on 264 patients. All the tests were performed within one week of delivery. Fetal outcome was measured by Apgar scores, fetal morbidity and mortality and length of nursery stay. Chi square row by column contingency analysis was performed, and Bayes theorem was applied to our data to predict FAD specificity. The probability of false-positive and false-negative tests was high, and no correlation with outcome was observed. Analysis of these data indicates that the FAD is of limited value in identifying the fetus at risk.
A prospective evaluation of placental lactogen as a test for neonatal risk.
This study evaluates the usefulness of maternal serum concentrations of human placental lactogen in the management of high-risk pregnancies. The study was performed in a community hospital over a year's time and involved 250 gestations. The test detected only 11.4% of the pregnancies defined as high-risk by clinical criteria and none of the pregnancies in which the newborn was compromised. Serum human placental lactogen is an insensitive test in predicting the outcome of pregnancies in an obstetric population unless historical information regarding maternal disease is unavailable.
Karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. 1. The diploid.
Heterodera glycines is a diploid amphimictic nematode with n = 9 chromosomes. Nine normal synaptonemal complexes (SC) were detected following 3-dimensional reconstruction of pachytene nuclei from electron microscopy of serial sections. Regions of unique 'modified synaptonemal complexes' (MSC) were observed along 2 SCs. These consist of a heterochromatic knob within which the SC appears either disorganized or stacked in layers of lateral elements. Its function is not known. Recombination nodules and 'cylindrical granular complexes', were not observed in H. glycines.
Molecular characterization of Ascaris suum DNA and of chromatin diminution.
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Anaerobic metabolism and wound healing: an hypothesis for the initiation and cessation of collagen synthesis in wounds.
The implanted cylinder model was used to measure LDH activity and lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the extracellular fluid of wounds and wound tissue. Total LDH activity corresponded directly to lactic acid concentration and inversely to oxygen availability. LDH isoenzymes in wound fluid were in an anaerobic pattern soon after injury and evolved toward the aerotic pattern as oxygen supply more nearly matched metabolic capacity. Lactate levels in the wound space are elevated soon after wounding and remain elevated far above those in blood. These data again indicate that wound metabolism is characterized by a relatively poor oxygen supply. Current data from several sources indicate that lactate found in the hypoxic area of the wound may stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts lying in the high lactate environment. We postulate that elevated concentration of lactate in wounds is a major signal for collagen synthesis and repair.
Use of doxycycline in elective first trimester abortion.
Elective first trimester abortion was performed in 263 patients, including 86 control patients and 177 patients receiving doxycycline as prophylactic antibiotic coverage. Abortions were done by the same physicians, using a standard protocol. Control and study populations had similar courses, except that the incidence of major complications and total complications was significantly reduced in the group receiving doxycycline. No untoward reactions to the drug were noted, and patient compliance was excellent. The results suggest that the low morbidity of elective suction abortion is further reduced by prophylactic doxycycline.
Chromatin diminution in early embryogenesis of Ascaris lumbricoides L. var. suum.
The occurrence of chromatin diminution in early Ascaris lumbricoides L. embryos has been studied in detail, and it is shown that it is possible to preselect three characteristic types of mitoses: pre-diminution, diminution, and post-diminution mitosis. The first three embryonic mitotic divisions are of the pre-diminution type. Chromatin diminution occurs after the third mitosis, but there is a variation from embryo to embryo as to whether or not chromosomal diminution occurs during the fourth, fifth, and six divisions. However, the seventh embryonic division, which gives rise to an eight-cell embryo, always exhibits chromatin diminution. Subsequent mitoses of somatic cells already in the diminished state are of the post-diminution type of mitosis.
Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Ascaris lumbricoides Var. suum.
Reorganization of the prophase I nucleus marks the beginning of the first meiotic division. A pair of centrioles is present at each pole at metaphase I and mitochondria are not observed in the spindle area. A chromosomal pellicle, which resembles a kinetochore plate but has no apparent association with microtubules, surrounds each autosome at metaphase I and II. The sex body lags behind the autosomes at anaphase I and segregates differentially to one daughter cell. Mitochondria and a pair of centrioles are present in the spindle during the second meiotic division. Localized condensation of chromatin and fusion of the condensed chromatin of the secondary spermatocyte telophase nucleus results in a compact spermatid nucleus. Loss of spermatid cytoplasm is effected by the ejection of a cytophore vesicle.
Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum with hydrocephalus, meningomyelocele, and imperforate anus.
A 3,780-g newborn girl had multiple, bilateral eyelid adhesions taht connected the upper and lower eyelids by bands of extensile tissue. Although the eyelid lesion was benign, the associated systemic abnormalities may have been serious. We doubt that a single intrauterine insult led to ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum and the associated anomalies.
Karyotype analysis of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. Male and female pachytene nuclei by 3-D reconstruction from electron microscopy of serial sections.
Twelve synaptonemal complexes are present in both oocyte and spermatocyte pachytene nuclei of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum, as determined by 3-D reconstruction of the nuclear contents from electron microscropy of serial sections and therefore, n=12 in the strain of Ascaris described here. In the female the heterochromatic end of each synaptonemal complex is attached to the nuclear envelope and the other end is free in the nucleoplasm. In the male neither end of the synaptonemal complex is attached, but there is a heterochromatic knob at one end of each complex. Five additional large heterochromatic masses are present in the spermatocyte nucleus and these may be the sex chromosomes described by earlier workers.
Fetal biparietal diameter as a predictor of a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio.
The records of 148 patients who had undergone simultaneous determination of fetal biparietal diameter and lecithin sphingomyelin ratio were reviewed. The results of the lecithin sphingomyelin determination could not be predicted with an acceptable degree of accuracy utilizing the fetal biparietal diameter. When patients were grouped by maternal disease, no significant difference between diabetic and control patients was noted. Other subgroups were too small to allow a valid statistical comparison.
A rapid whole-mount staining procedure for Ascaris embryo chromosomes.
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Evidence for a urate reabsorptive defect in patients with Wilson's disease.
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