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Biomedical subjects

P Gottschalk

Publications and source records attributed to P Gottschalk.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The role of mesopores in intracrystalline transport in USY zeolite: PFG NMR diffusion study on various length scales.

PFG NMR has been applied to study intracrystalline diffusion in USY zeolite as well as in the parent ammonium-ion exchanged zeolite Y used to produce the USY by zeolite steaming. The diffusion studies have been performed for a broad range of molecular displacements and with two different types of probe molecules (n-octane and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene) having critical molecular diameters smaller and larger than the openings of the zeolite micropores. Our experimental data unambiguously show that, in contrast to what is usually assumed in the literature, the intracrystalline mesopores do not significantly affect intracrystalline diffusion in USY. This result indicates that the intracrystalline mesopores of USY zeolite do not form a connected network, which would allow diffusion through crystals only via mesopores.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

Cross-national income inequality: how great is it and what can we learn from it?

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the topic of income distribution in a cross-national context. A secular growth of income inequality has taken place over the past two decades affecting almost every rich nation, matched by the growth in comparable household income inequality data which makes these types of comparisons possible. While clear patterns of disposable income inequality differences are found in both level and trend, we are still a long way from explaining why these differences came about, whether they will continue to grow or stabilize, and what the social consequences of these changes might be.

Australia↗
PubMed1992

Equity in the finance of health care: some international comparisons.

This paper presents the results of a ten-country comparative study of health care financing systems and their progressivity characteristics. It distinguishes between the tax-financed systems of Denmark, Portugal and the U.K., the social insurance systems of France, the Netherlands and Spain, and the predominantly private systems of Switzerland and the U.S. It concludes that tax-financed systems tend to be proportional or mildly progressive, that social insurance systems are regressive and that private systems are even more regressive. Out-of-pocket payments are in most countries an especially regressive means of raising health care revenues.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1992

Equity in the delivery of health care: some international comparisons.

This paper presents the results of an eight-country comparative study of equity in the delivery of health care. Equity is taken to mean that persons in equal need of health care should be treated the same, irrespective of their income. Two methods are used to investigate inequity: an index of inequity based on standardized expenditure shares, and a regression-based test. The results suggest that inequity exists in most of the eight countries, but there is no simple one-to-one correspondence between a country's delivery system and the degree to which persons in equal need are treated the same.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1986

Subcutaneous heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis: a comparison of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin.

In a double-blind study, patients with phlebographically proven deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were treated with subcutaneous injections twice a day of either unfractionated heparin (UH; n = 27) or low molecular weight heparin (LH; n = 29) for 7 days, and the dose was adjusted until therapeutic range was reached, according to a chromogenic substrate anti-Xa assay. Forty-eight percent of the LH group did not need dose adjustment as compared to 24% of the UH group. During the course of heparin administration, deviation from initial heparin activity was frequent in both groups, but mean activity did not indicate a cumulative effect in either group. There was 1 incidence of pulmonary embolism (LH) and only 1 minor bleeding episode (UH). Half of the patients in both groups were phlebographically improved. We conclude that subcutaneous heparin treatment with UH or LH appears safe and convenient.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The increasing proportion of men with low earnings in the United States.

This study has provided an examination of recent changes in the lower tail of the male earnings distribution. Data from the CPS for 1967 through 1978 were used to analyze the increasing proportion of male workers with annual and weekly earnings below a fixed low earnings threshold. Our central purpose was to assess the extent to which the growth in the probability of low earnings could be explained by the more salient changes in the structure of the male labor force over this period. To this end, logit analysis was used to examine the roles of education, experience, cyclical conditions, and cohort size in explaining variations in the probability of subthreshold earnings, conditional on experience and education. The estimates generally yielded the expected effects. However, the most important findings from our analysis concern the trends estimated net of education, experience, unemployment, and cohort size. These variables appear to explain satisfactorily the recent growth in the proportion of men with low earnings among those with at least sixteen years of education. For all other educational categories, our independent variables were unable to account for a major portion of the growth in the probability of low earnings. Our results supplement previous findings of positive trends for mean annual and weekly earnings net of a similar set of independent variables. Hence, we have provided substantial evidence of stagnation in the lower tail of the male earnings distribution--a stagnation not shared by the average worker nor fully explicable by education, experience, aggregate unemployment, or the entrance of the baby boom cohort into the labor market. Investigation of alternative explanations for this phenomenon, such as changes in female labor supply or the structure of labor demand, is clearly warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Spindle coma: incidence, clinicopathologic correlates, and prognostic value.

Three hundred seventy comatose patients were studied clinically and electrographically. Of these, 5.7% showed the "spindle coma" electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern. Spindle coma was associated with head injury, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral anoxia, and other causes. Levels of consciousness, pupillary responses, ocular movements, patterns of respiration, and muscle tone all failed to correlate with either the occurrence or the outcome of "spindle coma." At autopsy, lesions were most frequent in the centrum medianum, thalamic nuclei, and rostral brainstem, but no characteristic lesion was found. Our data indicate that sleep spindles during coma are unrelated to prognosis.

Adolescent↗