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Biomedical subjects

P Guiraud

Publications and source records attributed to P Guiraud.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Autogenous skin graft in the treatment of large incisional lumbar hernias and bulges.

OBJECTIVE: Repair of large incisional lumbar hernias or muscular bulges is a challenge to the surgeon as reflected by the high recurrence rate. We evaluated a surgical procedure using a running strip of autogenous skin graft as a retention suture. METHODS: Eight patients with large incisional lumbar hernias (> or = 20 cm, n = 6) or muscular bulges (n = 2) underwent a parietal reconstruction with this procedure. Two patients had previously been treated with synthetic meshes without success, and one had a colocutaneous fistula. RESULTS: No recurrence was observed in 6 patients (75%) with a mean follow-up of 14 months. After significant weight gain, 2 repairs failed at 6 months and 1 year (partially in 1 case). No recurrence was noted for muscular bulges. CONCLUSION: The use of a running strip of autogenous skin graft is a simple and reliable procedure for the repair of large lumbar hernias or muscular bulges for patients with stable weight conditions.

Hernia↗
PubMed1996

Bacteria Are Omnipresent on Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall.

Bacteria have been isolated from 10 different strains of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus which degrades lignocellulosic materials. The investigations showed that one or more bacterial species were always associated with the fungus. Various attempts to eliminate the bacteria on the fungus were unsuccessful. Three different bacterial species were isolated and identified. One of these was Agrobacterium radiobacter, while another may represent a new taxon close to the genus Burkholderia. A third strain remains unidentified but is most probably a member of rRNA superfamily IV or the Woese (alpha) group. Besides P. chrysosporium, 23 other white rot fungi and 9 brown rot fungi were also investigated. None of these was associated with bacteria. The physiological significance of the association between the fungus and the bacteria remains to be elucidated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnostic value of recording nocturnal erections].

The recording of tumescence and rigidity during nocturnal erections is considered to be the reference examination to differentiate between the organic or psychogenic origin of erectile dysfunction. However, its diagnostic value is more doubtful in the absence of normal rigidity values. 170 consecutive patients were submitted to this type of recording (RigiScan, Dacomed, USA). With the exception of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, all patients with erectile dysfunction considered to be psychogenic obtained a rigidity > or = 60%. 59% of these patients were detected by this method (sensitivity: 59%, specificity: 87%). In contrast, no conclusion can be drawn from a pathological nocturnal recording (32% of psychogenic patients) and finally, in view of the aetiologies of this series, this examination was considered to be useful in 29% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Value of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) recording in impotent patients with multiple sclerosis.

The etiology of impotence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is difficult to assess due to the possibility of normal nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) recording despite neurologic involvement. Sixteen patients with MS and impotence were studied with Rigiscan, cavernous artery doppler, neurophysiological tests and intracavernous injection of PGE1. When more restrictive criteria of normality than usual are used for Rigiscan (rigidity > or = 80% and/or duration > 30 minutes), an inverse relationship between NPTR recording and sexuality score or PGE1 dose is reported. No significant difference is noted for neurophysiological tests. With such criteria, Rigiscan alone or combined with intracavernous PGE1 is a valuable means to differentiate neurogenic from psychogenic impotence in MS patients. Neurophysiological tests are of limited clinical value.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the toxicity of various lignin-related phenolic compounds toward selected fungi perfecti and fungi imperfecti.

A selection of 88 micromycetes belonging to various taxonomic groups was grown on malt-agar medium containing different lignin-related phenolic compounds (ferulic, protocatechuic, syringic and vanillic acids, catechol, guaiacol, and phenol) at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/liter. Growth and morphological changes were recorded after 15 days of incubation. Behavior of fungi in contact with the different phenolics were compared. Some strains were very sensitive and might constitute specific or general bioindicators of pollution. The relationships between origin of isolates or constitutive phenoloxidase activity and resistance or sensitivity of fungi to phenolics were researched. No evidence of implication of these two parameters was found.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1995

Interactions related to trace elements in parenteral nutrition.

Trace elements (TE) are now commonly added into the nutritive admixtures used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to prevent deficiencies which can be observed in patients undergoing long-term intravenous feeding. Although the needs in TE are not exactly known during a TPN, some of them must be considered as essential according to the results of studies dealing with general nutritional deficiencies. Among essential TE copper, iron and zinc are found at relatively high levels in organism. Chromium, manganese and selenium are also very important even though they are present at lower levels. In the case of a parenteral nutrition, the composition of the mixture is precisely defined and both digestion and absorption steps are shunted. Nevertheless, beneficial and/or negative physicochemical and metabolic interactions can occur between TE and the other nutrients. These interactions must be studied and taken into account because they can modify the bioavailability of the trace elements. In this article, our aim is to review the main recent bodies of knowledge which could be helpful to understand and prevent nutritional problems linked to these interactions during parenteral nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of acrodontiolamide, a chlorinated compound produced by Acrodontium salmoneum de Hoog for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.

A new antifungal compound has been isolated from the culture medium of Acrodontium salmoneum de Hoog. Its structure was previously elucidated and was named acrodontiolamide. However, this compound is not characteristically produced by the genus Acrodontium, it is rather a feature of one isolate of A. Salmoneum coming from the soil of the grotto of La Pierre Saint Martin (France). Production, purification, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of acrodontiolamide are described. Concerning microorganisms, inhibitory activity seems to be specifically restricted to phytopathogenic and entomapathogenic fungi. Acrodontiolamide is not cytotoxic to either normal human cultured cells or tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Testicular microlithiasis: ultrasonographic diagnosis and semiologic value].

Testicular microlithiasis corresponds to calcifications in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. This rare condition, primarily diagnosed histologically, is usually discovered on scrotal ultrasonography. The characteristic appearance combines multiple microscopic hyperechoic areas disseminated bilaterally throughout the testicular parenchyma. The coexistence of microlithiasis and testicular neoplasms has been described and raises the problem of the therapeutic approach following incidental discovery on scrotal ultrasonography performed for other reasons. The authors report a case of testicular microlithiasis discovered on ultrasonography performed after testicular trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of taurine, L-glutamine and L-histidine addition in an amino acid glucose solution on the cellular bioavailability of zinc.

Radioactive zinc was used to study the effect of a binary parenteral nutrient solution, composed of amino acids and glucose, on zinc uptake by fibroblasts. The influence of addition of taurine, L-glutamine and of the increase in L-histidine content of the admixture was assessed. The pure mixture was highly toxic for cells and so it was diluted 1/5 in tyrode buffer with 2% albumin. As compared with cells incubated in the buffer containing albumin, zinc absorption was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the presence of the amino acids of the mixture. Amino acids thus increased bioavailability by displacing zinc bound to albumin. When the histidine concentration in the nutrient medium (4.2 mM) was doubled, inhibition was noted after 30 min of incubation and zinc uptake thereafter remained comparable to that in histidine-free medium. The addition of glutamine (4.2 mM), usually not present in binary mixtures, resulted in significant differences as compared with glutamine-free control medium. Taurine (0.8 mM), led to a constant increase in zinc uptake by fibroblasts as compared with that obtained with taurine-free mixture. However, ultrafiltration showed that taurine was not able to displace zinc from albumin.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1994

Podospora Lautarea sp. nov. from Southern Alps (France): description and physiological properties.

A taxonomic description of Podospora Lautarea sp. nov. is provided. This species is characterized by a reddish brown peridium, and by its large, asymmetric ascospores, small, hyaline, unique primary appendage, absence of secondary appendage and cylindrical asci. Due to the size of its appendage, this species may be related to Podospora minicaudaFaureal et Locquin-Linard. Asci and ascospores are close to those of P. fimbriata (Bayer) Cain, but the dimensions and ornamentation of perithecia are quite different. To summarize, this species belongs to the small group of Podospora exhibiting only one appendage (such as P. minicauda, P. carpinicola Mouchacca or P. horridula (Sacc.) Francis and Sparrow) but can not be assimilated to one of the described species in this group. The main cultural characteristics and physiological properties of this species are described.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial and antitumoral activities of 6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one, a lactone produced by a new Drechslera species.

Antifungal, antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one were researched. This compound was isolated from culture medium of a new Drechslera species from the area of the Dead Sea. The product exhibited a large activity spectrum against microorganisms, with interesting IC 50 values close to those obtained with reference compounds (kanamycin and ketoconazole). Antitumoral potentiality was 10 to 58 times less important than with doxorubicin, however IC 50 obtained were below 4 micrograms/ml, which is the threshold value proposed by National Cancer Institute for preliminary screening of active molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid adduct in biological materials (plasma and human cells) using a commercially available reagent.

The assay of malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used in clinical chemistry laboratories to investigate lipid peroxidation in oxidative pathologies. In the present work, the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction was carried out on plasma, human erythrocytes and fibroblasts. The reagents used were those of the fluorimetry MDA kit manufactured by Sobioda. We have defined the application of this kit to high-performance liquid chromatography. This adaptation satisfied the criteria of good analytical practice. The detection limit was 2.5 pmol per injection. The retention time of the MDA-TBA2 peak (4.96 +/- 0.07 min) led to excellent resolution of the complex. The within-assay (6-12%) and between-assay (11-12%) precisions were satisfactory. The analytical recovery of MDA after spiking samples of human plasma with tetraethoxypropane standards varied from 70 to 100%. The mean lipoperoxide concentration determined in 32 healthy adults (20-40 years) was 1.04 +/- 0.23 mumol l-1 in plasma. Applied to the erythrocytes of fifteen laboratory workers, the method furnished physiological values of 0.59 +/- 0.21 mumol l-1. Concentrations were significantly higher in chronic renal dialysis patients (4.15 +/- 2.35 mumol l-1. The MDA content of fibroblasts cultured in standard medium was 0.38 +/- 0.04 mumol per g of protein and increased (5.78 +/- 1.38 mumol per g of protein) if the cells were grown in an iron-enriched medium. This accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for detection of MDA is the first one which can be applied to plasma, red blood cells and cultured cells. This technique will prevent false positives and should make inter-laboratory comparisons possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Development of a simple antioxidant screening assay using human skin fibroblasts.

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple antioxidant screening assay for quantifying the protective effects of antioxidant enzymes, inhibitors and scavengers against extracellularly generated oxygen species on human skin fibroblast cytotoxicity. Different in vitro oxidative stresses have been studied: xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine, flavin mononucleotide-NADH, and hydrogen peroxide. Cytotoxicity and protection were evaluated by two procedures: evaluation of the living cells using a colorimetric method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT), and ability of the viable cells to adherate and proliferate. Hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase and H2O2 induced a dose dependent cytotoxicity only when we considered the delayed toxicity. The influence of the cell density was also investigated. The delayed toxicity was higher when cell density increased. One hundred percent protection against free radical cytotoxicity induced by the three systems were obtained with catalase (500 U/ml). When the oxidative stress used was H2O2 90-96% protection was obtained with deferoxamine an iron chelating agent that prevents iron catalysed radical reactions. Using the colorimetric method no significant protection was obtained when SOD was added before and during the stresses. Using the fibroblasts ability to proliferate SOD (10-150 micrograms/ml) reduced xanthine oxidase (20 U/l)-hypoxanthine (0.10-0.30 mM) or H2O2 (1-6 mM) cytotoxicity by 15-20%. SOD did not act as antioxidant when the applied stress was mediated by flavin. In this study we showed a paradoxical effect and the cytotoxicity of flavin-NADH system increased when we added SOD to the cell medium. This simple and reliable antioxidant screening assay required no costly or radioactive equipment.

Catalase↗
PubMed1992

Extracellular phenoloxidase activity of micromycetes from various taxonomic groups.

The ability of Micromycetes strains to produce extracellular phenoloxidases was examined on solid malt agar medium using ten different reagents. We established a POx index summarizing the global activity given by the ten reagents used. The results indicated a wide variability depending on the taxonomic groups, the genera and the species. Some groups were relatively homogeneous, either no and low producers of phenoloxidases (Yeasts, Zygomycetes, genera Aspergillus and Penicillium) or medium and high producers of phenoloxidases (Basidiomycetes, Coelomycetes, Tuberculariales and Dematiaceae), while other groups were very heterogeneous (Ascomycetes, Mucedinaceae). The POx index was significantly higher for strains recently isolated than for strains kept in the fungi collection for a long time.

Fungi↗
PubMed1992

Phenoloxidase production and vanillic acid metabolism by Zygomycetes.

The ability of 23 strains of Zygomycetes to produce extracellular phenoloxidases was examined on solid media by using 10 different reagents. The results varied depending on the reagent and indicated that most of the strains were devoid of phenoloxidase activity. The production of inducible phenoloxidases was demonstrated by the Bavendamm reaction. The study of the biotransformation of vanillic acid in synthetic medium indicated that the reaction most often obtained was the reduction of vanillic acid to vanillyl alcohol. Helicostylum piriforme and Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis completely metabolized vanillic acid while good transformation was obtained with Absidia spinosa, Cunninghamella bainieri, Mucor bacilliformis, Mucor plumbeus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Zygorhynchus moelleri. Other strains did not degrade or poorly degraded vanillic acid. Decarboxylation and demethoxylation of this compound was independent of the production of phenoloxidases as in the case of white-rot fungi. Other enzymatic systems might be implicated in this phenomenon.

Fungi↗
PubMed1990

Clinical expression of Menkes syndrome in females.

Three female patients with Menkes syndrome are described. Clinically, they have typical Menkes syndrome. Biochemically, they have significantly increased 64Cu-uptake in cultured fibroblasts. The chromosomal analysis was normal for two of the patients and abnormal for one patient (45X/46XX mosaicism).

Child, Preschool↗