Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P H Clodi.
Reflux esophagitis occurs much more often in smokers because of reduction of saliva production and lessened tonus of the LES (lower esophageal sphincter). Duodenal ulcers heal during H2-blocking agents in smokers slower than during placebo-therapy in non smokers. Mortality of duodenal ulcer in smokers is 2 to 7 times increased.
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A prospective study has been carried out on 127 patients to test the accuracy of sonography in the diagnosis of diffuse liver diseases compared with histology based on percutaneous liver biopsy. Using sonographic criteria - size, margin, surface, elasticity, echo structure and sonic conductivity of the liver, hepatic veins and portal vein - and measuring the size of the gallbladder and the spleen, the following sonographic diagnoses were made: normal liver, fatty liver, fatty liver fibrosis, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis. Sonographic diagnosis predicted histological diagnosis in case of normal liver in 56%, fatty liver 70%, alcoholic hepatitis 92%, chronic active hepatitis 63%, cirrhosis 79%. The specificity of sonography was 95%, the overall sensitivity was 82%: e.g. fatty liver 84%, chronic active hepatitis 93% and cirrhosis 79%. We conclude that sonography is an ideal screening method for detecting diffuse liver diseases. In cases of fatty liver and of cirrhosis it can spare the patient further invasive investigation. Furthermore, this method is suitable for evaluating the course of diffuse diseases of the liver, especially of toxic-nutritive liver damage and also of chronic active hepatitis.
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44 male and 103 female subjects were given an oral load of 1 g or 2 sucrose/kg body weight. Glucose, fructose and sucrose were determined in capillary blood and urine samples before and after sucrose ingestion. Sucrose was detected in the blood only in 10 cases, but was present in the urine in each subject (max. 1132 mg sucrose/100 ml). Urinary excretion of sucrose is considered to be a physiological phenomenon since none of the subjects had any metabolic disorder.
The case histories are reported of two patients with the relatively rare association of hypoglycaemia with liver cirrhosis. The recent literature on hypoglycaemia as a consequence of liver disease is reviewed and the frequent absence of typical clinical symptoms in this form of hypoglycaemia is pounted out.
The difficulty of the diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders is known to be lying in the shortage of time, the inadequate training of physicians and in the similarity of psychosomatic symptoms are compared to those of solely organic diseases. The irritable stomach-even with hyperacidity--and the irritable colon with constipation or diarrhea are among the most frequent disorders caused by psychosomatic mechanisms. The duodenal ulcer and the ulcerative colitis belong to the true somatopsychic and psychosomatic diseases. Precise organic (diagnostic) clarification and differentiated drug therapy are necessary in addition to psychotherapeutic measures.
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