Biomedical subjects
P H Rees
Publications and source records attributed to P H Rees.
Typhoid fever and the Widal test.
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The estimation of population microdata by using data from small area statistics and samples of anonymised records.
"Traditionally, estimates of the number of people in small areas (the smallest geographical units for which data are available) have been disaggregated only by age and sex. More recently, much research effort has been directed towards developing some form of enhanced small-area population estimation, in which the population in a small area is disaggregated not only by age and sex, but also by a wide range of additional economic and social characteristics. Solutions to this problem currently include account-based demographic models, often used by local authorities."
What do you want from the 2001 census? Results of an ESRC/JISC survey of user views.
"The author describes the results of a survey of user views about the next Census of Population in the United Kingdom, to be held in 2001. Some 140 respondents reported their views, which included strong support for a question on income, endorsement of the new one number census methodology and support for postcode-based outputs. The author sets these views in the context of the Census Development Programme being carried out by the U.K. Census Offices and the proposals for outputs which are being discussed with the main census user sectors of central and local government, business, the Health Service, and the academic community."
Methods for estimating missing data on migrants in the 1991 British census.
"This paper discusses the use of suppression to protect data in the Special Migration Statistics, a dataset produced from the 1991 [British] Census, and argues that this procedure prevents accurate analysis of the data. A computer program is described that uses a series of methods to ¿recover' data which were suppressed, and to estimate those parts of the data which cannot be recovered.... The program has been used to recover and estimate data successfully, and results include sample tables of migrants between types of districts by ethnicity."
Effect of temperature and cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil.
Sixteen patients undergoing coronary revascularization requiring cardiopulmonary bypass received remifentanil 2 micrograms kg-1 or 5 micrograms kg-1 by infusion over 1 min after sternotomy but before commencing cardiopulmonary bypass, during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and during cardiopulmonary bypass after rewarming. Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass reduced the clearance of remifentanil by an average of 20%, and this was attributed to the effect of temperature on blood and tissue esterase activity. Reductions in arterial pressure occurred with administration of both doses during normothermia only.
A simulation of the transmission of HIV and AIDS in regional populations within the United Kingdom.
"The spread of HIV-1 in the United Kingdom is simulated by a model which integrates behavioural and epidemiological processes within a multi-regional population projection framework and represents the spatial heterogeneities in the distribution of HIV which have significant effects on transmission patterns. Analyses determine the significance of different parameters in contributing to prediction uncertainty and highlight the importance of behavioural change and international population movements."
"Ague cake" or hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly.
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Evaluation of the alkaline haematin D-575 method for haemoglobin estimation in east Africa.
In many health facilities in east Africa, haemoglobin estimation is performed using visual colour comparison methods. Efforts to establish colorimetric methods face numerous constraints, including the unavailability of standards for quality control. In contrast, the alkaline haematin D-575 method for haemoglobin estimation is a colorimetric method that uses primary standards prepared from pure, crystalline chlorohaemin. There is no significant difference in the accuracy of the alkaline haematin D-575 method and that of the reference haemiglobincyanide method (P > 0.05), and the response of the alkaline haematin D-575 method is linear for serially diluted blood samples over the haemoglobin concentration range 19.6-3.3 g/dl (r = 0.994, y = 1.01 x - 0.3). The method has a precision of +/-0.3 g/dl (coefficient of variation = (1.8%) for whole blood, and is suitable for use with fixed-wavelength haemglobinometers (lambda = 565 nm) or with colorimeters at lambda = 580 nm. Stable quality control standards could be prepared at provincial, zonal, or reference laboratories and distributed regularly to outlying laboratories.
Laboratory services in primary health care.
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Malaria, quinine and blackwater.
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Inhibition profiles of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium on mediator release from mast cells of human skin, lung, tonsil, adenoid and intestine.
We have studied an aspect of the functional heterogeneity of human mast cells, namely responsiveness to the inhibitory effects of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium. The effects of these drugs were examined on the release of histamine and PGD2 from mast cells of human skin, lung, tonsils, adenoids and intestine. A high concentration, 1000 microM, of sodium cromoglycate was required to significantly inhibit histamine release from lung and tonsillar mast cells. Nedocromil sodium, 1000 microM, was more effective than sodium cromoglycate against histamine release from lung, tonsillar and adenoidal cells. Both compounds showed tachyphylaxis in lung and tonsillar mast cells but not in adenoidal and intestinal mast cells. In contrast, in intestinal mast cells, the effect of nedocromil sodium was weaker and more variable than sodium cromoglycate. Skin mast cells differed from mast cells of the other anatomical sites in being unresponsive to sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium. Our results confirm that high concentrations of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium are required to achieve even modest inhibition of mediator release from human mast cells under in vitro conditions. Notwithstanding this, the results also indicate that differences exist among skin, lung, tonsillar, adenoidal and intestinal mast cells with respect to their sensitivity to sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium, thus extending our knowledge of functional heterogeneity within the human mast cell populations.
Resources for research: the 1991 census of population.
The author discusses population censuses in general and describes their utility for research, with a focus on the arrangements under which researchers at institutes of higher education are being provided with data sets from the census. "Although much of the discussion will be specific to the United Kingdom, many of the issues raised will be important in other countries."
Bacterial infection of hydatid cyst following albendazole treatment.
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Mast cells, neuropeptides and inflammation.
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Research policy and review 30. How to add value to migration data from the 1991 census.
"The form in which migration information is likely to be provided from the 1991 Census [of the United Kingdom] is reviewed, and suggestions are made about how this provision can be improved for the academic research community, building on the experience of the 1981 Census. The recommendations add considerable value to the information at relatively low cost."