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Biomedical subjects

P Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to P Hansson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist CGRP8-37 increases the latency to withdrawal responses in rats.

The present study explored the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its antagonist CGRP8-37 on the latency to hindpaw withdrawal responses induced by both thermal and mechanical stimulation in rats. (1) Intrathecal injection of 10 nmol of CGRP had no effects on the latency to hindpaw withdrawal; intrathecal injection of 5 nmol of substance P (SP) decreased the latency to both withdrawal responses. (2) Intrathecal administration of 5 nmol or 10 nmol of CGRP8-37, but not 1 nmol, induced a significant increase in hindpaw withdrawal latency. (3) Intrathecal administration of CGRP8-37 not only reversed the SP-induced decrease in latency to both withdrawal responses but also mediated a significant increase in response latency compared to basal levels. The demonstrated results suggest that intrathecal administration of CGRP8-37 has a possible antinociceptive effect, and CGRP receptors in the spinal cord may be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on post-exercise oxygen consumption.

In the recovery period after strenuous exercise, there is an increase in O2 uptake termed the excess post-exercise O2 consumption (EPOC), consisting of a rapid and a prolonged component. Mechanisms regulating the prolonged component of EPOC are not completely understood, but an effect of catecholamines has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on EPOC. Six healthy young men were randomized to one control experiment and two exercise experiments, one with and one without nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade. In the exercise experiments, they exercised for 60 minutes at 78% +/- 3% (mean +/- SD) of maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) on a cycle ergometer followed by 6.5 hours' bedrest. In the beta-adrenoceptor blockade experiment, propranolol (0.1 mg.kg-1 body weight [BW]) was administered intravenously immediately after the exercise bout and again 3.5 hours after exercise. The control experiment was performed without exercise or beta-adrenoceptor blockade. EPOC was calculated as the difference in O2 uptake between the exercise and control experiments. A supplementary study on 15 subjects showed resting O2 uptake to be unaffected by propranolol. O2 uptake was significantly increased during the recovery period after exercise when no beta-adrenoceptor blocker was administered. After 6.5 hours of bedrest, the mean increase (+/- SE) in O2 uptake was 19 +/- 4 mL.min-1. In contrast, when propranolol was administered during recovery from exercise, O2 uptake was significantly increased for only the first 2 hours. Propranolol decreased total EPOC (+/- SE) by about one third, from 14.4 +/- 1.9 to 9.5 +/- 2.5 L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

A quality manual for the clinical laboratory including the elements of a quality system. Proposed guidelines.

Development of quality manuals is a means for the promotion of quality in clinical laboratories by describing the total quality system. It also provides opportunity of checking whether the quality system is implemented in reality and demonstrates to the hospital administration and the clinicians that the laboratory is committed to quality. The intention of these guidelines is to describe the elements of the quality system for a large clinical laboratory, and to present such a system in the form of a quality manual. The proposed guidelines comply, where relevant, with ISO/IEC guide 25 'General requirements for the technical competence of testing laboratories' and EN 45001 'General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories'. The document may be used as an aid for laboratories wishing to be accredited according to EN 45001, or intending to apply for formal certification of their quality systems, according to ISO 9001 'Quality systems--Model for quality assurance in design/development, production, installation, and servicing' utilizing ISO 9004 'Quality management and quality system elements--guidelines; Part 2 Guidelines for service'. However, information about the minimum requirements for official recognition should be obtained from the particular accreditation or certification body concerned.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1992

Does a regional nerve block change cutaneous perception thresholds outside the anaesthetic area? Implications for the interpretation of diagnostic blocks.

The present study was performed on pain-free subjects and patients to analyse if local anaesthetics (LA) normally used for nerve blocks in the orofacial region resulted in generalised changes in cutaneous somatosensory perception thresholds outside the territory of the primarily blocked nerve. Five subjects received an intra-oral nerve block and 5 patients received epidural anaesthesia, serving as a reference group considering the larger amounts of LA used in this latter type of anaesthesia. No differences (after vs. prior to LA) were detected regarding thresholds to tactile, cold, warmth or heat pain stimuli in skin areas outside the regions directly blocked. This was also true for the difference limens between warm-cold thresholds. Our data do not indicate any generalised influence on tactile, thermal and pain perception thresholds in pain-free subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

SUNCT may be another manifestation of orbital venous vasculitis.

A patient with more than 20 years of SUNCT, i.e., long lasting periods with frequent attacks of intense orbital pain with a duration of about one minute, associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, rhinorrhea and facial sweating is described. Some attacks were possibly related to increased cerebral blood flow but could also be triggered from the oral area. Orbital phlebography showed pathologic changes on the side of the pain, changes which were normalized when these attacks ceased to appear. Due to these findings in conjunction with serum evidence of inflammation, associated systemic symptoms and susceptibility to steroids and azathioprine, venous vasculitis is suggested to be the cause of SUNCT in this patient. Carbamazepine and sumatriptan decreased the frequency, intensity and duration of attacks, although not completely.

Headache↗
PubMed1991

Intraputaminal infusion of nerve growth factor to support adrenal medullary autografts in Parkinson's disease. One-year follow-up of first clinical trial.

Experimental studies in rodents show that beta-nerve growth factor can increase the survival, neurite outgrowth, and functional effect of grafts of adrenal chromaffin cells to the basal ganglia. We, therefore, have begun to investigate whether treatment with nerve growth factor might also increase the functional effect of autografts of adrenal medullary tissue in patients with Parkinson's disease. Previous studies have shown that stereotactic implantation of adrenal tissue pieces produces a transient functional improvement that lasts for a few months. This report describes a trial of grafting of adrenal chromaffin tissue into the putamen, supported by infusion of nerve growth factor. The patient is a 63-year-old woman with a 19-year history of Parkinson's disease, now complicated by on-off phenomena and drug-induced hyperkinesia, despite optimized medical management. The left adrenal gland was removed, and the medulla was dissected into 1- to 2-mm3 pieces in a solution containing nerve growth factor purified from mouse submandibular gland. Pieces were implanted in six tracts 3 to 4 mm from a previously placed cannula in the left putamen. Through the cannula, nerve growth factor was infused for 23 days for a total dose of 3.3 mg. Clinical assessment consisted of global ratings for rigidity and/or hypokinesia and for drug-induced hyperkinesia. Measures of gait and fine-motor control were also made. The motor readiness potential and auditory evoked potentials were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1991

Metabolic responses to intermittent hepatic dearterialization in the rat.

Hepatic dearterialization is a palliative treatment for irresectable liver tumours. In the current study, the metabolic consequences of hepatic dearterialization were examined in the rat. Liver glycogen content was reduced to an average of 84% following 60 min dearterialization and was further reduced to an average of 16% following 60 min reperfusion. Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid was elevated by an average of 65% following 60 min hepatic dearterialization. In contrast, hepatic dearterialization did not alter cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels. In addition, the hepatic activity of hepatic lipase was reduced by 29% after 60 min of hepatic dearterialization, a reduction which remained after 60 min of reperfusion. Clearance of intravenously administered antipyrine, which reflects the activity of liver microsomal enzymes, was reduced by 37% after 60 min of hepatic dearterialization. In conclusion hepatic dearterialization is accompanied by marked activity in the processes related to carbohydrate, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. These effects should be taken into account when treating patients with hepatic dearterialization.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1991

Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture.

Acupuncture was given to patients before (preoperative-acupuncture group, PRE-ACU, n = 25) or after (postoperative-acupuncture group, POST-ACU, n = 25) operative removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Sixty patients did not receive acupuncture and participated as a control group (CG). All patients completed a questionnaire in order to characterize state tension and stress, degrees of neuroticism, extroversion, depression and psychosomatic disorders. We also recorded intraoperative discomfort and pain intensity, postoperative pain intensity and consumption of analgesics for 72 h. The PRE-ACU was significantly more tense following surgery and found the operative procedure more unpleasant than the other two groups. The PRE-ACU further rated intraoperative pain intensity higher than the CG and experienced higher pain intensity immediately postoperatively compared with POST-ACU and CG. Of the PRE-ACU patients 15/24 needed additional local anesthesia intraoperatively while none in the POST-ACU or CG requested extra lidocaine. Postoperatively patients in both PRE- and POST-ACU reported a higher total sum of pain scores (pain intensity) and the PRE-ACU consumed more analgesics compared with the CG. A significantly larger number of patients suffering from "dry socket" (a complication during wound healing) was found in both PRE- and POST-ACU compared with the CG. No correlation was found between assessed personality characteristics and reported postoperative pain/consumption of analgesics in any group and could thus not explain the observed differences between the groups. The reason for our unexpected "negative" findings is unclear but some hypothetical explanations are discussed.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Concentrations of neuropeptides substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in synovial fluid of the human temporomandibular joint. A correlation with symptoms, signs and arthroscopic findings.

Arthroscopy was performed on 18 patients (19 joints) with temporomandibular joint arthropathy. Arthroscopic investigation revealed that 12 patients had disk derangement, including 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Six patients had osteoarthrosis, including one patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial fluid content of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), neurokinin A (NKA-LI), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI), neuropeptide Y (NPY-LI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP-LI) were analysed using radioimmunoassay technique. All peptides analysed were found, although in various concentrations, in the different joints. There were no significant differences in concentrations of the peptides in the synovial fluid between patients in the various groups. No significant correlation was found between clinical symptoms and signs, arthroscopic findings, or use of analgesic/anti-inflammatory medication versus concentrations of peptides in the synovial fluid. In comparison with earlier findings in the knee joint significantly higher concentrations of SP-LI, CGRP-LI and NPY-LI were found in the TMJ.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sex difference in triglyceride/fatty acid substrate cycling of rat adipose tissue: indirect regulation by androgens.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats displayed significantly higher rates of triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FFA) substrate cycling in subcutaneous, perigenital, and mesenteric white adipose tissue, compared to females. To investigate possible regulation via androgens and estrogens, male rats were treated with the androgen antagonist, cyproterone acetate (10 mg daily in subcutaneous injections), or estradiol polyphosphate (0.3 mg intramuscularly, given as a single dose). Estradiol treatment did not affect TG/FFA cycling. Treatment with cyproterone acetate significantly decreased TG/FFA cycling in perigenital (epididymal) tissue. This effect could however largely be ascribed to concomitant inhibition of food intake by cyproterone acetate. The effects of cyproterone acetate on the two axes of TG/FFA cycling (lipolysis and re-esterification) were further studied in vitro. Norepinephrine-stimulated glycerol release from perigenital adipocytes was inhibited, whereas activities of esterification enzymes (GPAT and PPH) was essentially unaffected. We conclude that androgens seem to affect TG/FFA cycling indirectly via the lipolytic axis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Graded assessment and classification of impaired temperature sensibility in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy.

Thermal sensibility was quantitatively assessed in the feet of 46 diabetic patients. In subjects with sensibility deficits the perception threshold for warmth or cold, or of heat pain, was either increased or lost. Four stages of impaired thermal sensibility were defined, and a classification of dysfunction is proposed which could be useful in routine clinical examination of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. The classification of impaired thermal sensibility correlated significantly with the results of a bedside screening examination aimed at describing the severity of the polyneuropathy in terms of its regional extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Triglyceride/fatty acid cycling is increased after exercise.

After exercise, there is a prolonged increase in O2 consumption termed the excess postexercise O2 consumption (EPOC). In this study, we have assessed the relative contribution of the triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FA) substrate cycle to EPOC. Six healthy, young men exercised for 2 hours at 51% of maximal O2 uptake. The total energy expenditure and the rate of FA oxidation were estimated from measurements of O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, and urinary nitrogen excretion while the subjects rested in bed for 3.5 hours postexercise. During the last part of the recovery period, the rate of FA mobilization was determined by infusion of glycerol. The rate of TG/FA cycling was calculated from the difference between the rate of FA mobilization and oxidation. An identical control study without exercise was also performed. The total EPOC during the recovery period was 7.82 +/- 1.51 L O2 (a 15% +/- 3% increase above the control O2 consumption). The rate of FA oxidation increased from 252 +/- 36 mumol/min (control) to 360 +/- 27 mumol/min (3 hours postexercise). The rate of FA mobilization increased from 666 +/- 108 mumol/min (control) to 1833 +/- 456 mumol/min (3 hours postexercise). TG/FA cycling was found to increase from 414 +/- 90 mumol FA/min (control) to 1473 +/- 435 mumol FA/min (3 hours postexercise). The energy cost of these rates of TG/FA cycling was found to be 0.09 +/- 0.02 kJ/min (control) and 0.31 +/- 0.09 kJ/min (3 hours postexercise). It is concluded that the energy cost of the increased TG/FA cycling rate may account for as much as half of the delayed component of EPOC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Salt resistant lipase activity in human adrenal gland is increased in Cushing's disease.

Salt resistant lipase (also designated hepatic lipase) is present in normal human adrenal cortex at activity levels of about 1 mU g-1 tissue wet weight. In hyperplastic adrenocortical tissue from four patients with Cushing's disease the salt resistant lipase activity was found to be about 5-fold higher than this value. The activity of salt resistant lipase in postheparin plasma was elevated in two of the patients, indicating that the high enzyme activity in adrenal cortex may originate from the liver. Lipoprotein lipase activity in postheparin plasma was clearly depressed in all patients with Cushing's disease and was associated with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and slightly lowered HDL cholesterol levels. Thus high ACTH and/or corticosteroid levels appear to affect lipoprotein metabolism by a number of mechanisms.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Hepatic lipase activity after liver denervation in hypothyroid rats.

Hepatic hilar denervation, hepatic vagotomy or sham operation were performed in hypothyroid rats. Activities of hepatic lipase were measured nine days after surgery. Sham operation in itself was associated with a decrease of hepatic lipase activity by about 40% compared with non-operated animals. Both hilar denervation and hepatic vagotomy were associated with increased hepatic lipase activity (40% and 35%, compared with sham-operated animals). Liver contents of norepinephrine were reduced by about 90% after hilar denervation, whereas hepatic vagotomy did not affect norepinephrine levels. No major changes in lipids and lipoproteins were noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Simple enzymatic screening assay for ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum.

We present a novel method for the analysis of ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol) in serum. This method employs the ability of glycerol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.6) to oxidize ethylene glycol. Two measurements, five and 30 min after addition of enzyme, are used to circumvent interferences from endogenous glycerol and from propylene glycol (propane-1,2-diol). Ethanol does not interfere in the assay. The method requires commonly available equipment only, making it suitable for all emergency laboratories.

Chromatography, Gas↗