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Biomedical subjects

P Hartwich

Publications and source records attributed to P Hartwich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Acute paranoid hallucinatory psychosis following mefloquine prophylaxis (Lariam)].

Mefloquine is a drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis in Africa because of the spread of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum. On the other hand there are some reports about severe neuropsychiatric side effects associated with the intake of mefloquine medication. In our paper we present a case-report of a patient suffering for the first time from an acute paranoid psychosis induced by mefloquine prophylaxis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Maintenance of antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation with the help of lithium.

The antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation is often not longer than 1 or 2 days. Therefore we investigated systematically the combination of lithium and sleep deprivation on 26 depressive patients (ICD/DSM 296). We measured the depression scores with the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Brief Depression Rating Scale on 4 days. A comparison between sleep deprivation with and without lithium showed a highly significant difference on the 2nd and 3rd days after sleep deprivation. The positive antidepressant effect remained with those who received lithium.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The potential of aggressiveness in families of schizophrenics in relation to the danger of relapse.

The question of the potential aggressiveness in families of schizophrenics in relation to the danger of relapse was investigated (schizophrenics n = 40, ICD and AMDP selection). The aspect of subjective intrapsychic coping with the aggressive potential in families was operationalized by 12 self-ratings divided into 3 categories: extrapunitive attitude, intrapunitive attitude, experience of divergency. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant relation between the 3 categories and the relapse quote. The claim following "expressed emotion" research which would have indicated different results was not supported by investigating the patients' subjective experience. Within the framework of our results various rehabilitation strategies and potential shelter functions in the families are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A quantitative approach to measuring the cerebrospinal fluid space with CT.

A method for measuring the subarachnoid space by using an independent CT evaluation unit is described. The normal values have been calculated for patients, according to age, and three examples are presented demonstrating reversible decrease of brain volume in patients suffering anorexia nervosa and chronic alcoholism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The question of disclosing the diagnosis to terminally ill patients.

The question of disclosing the diagnosis to terminally ill patients was investigated by means of a semi-standardized interview of 56 subjects who had been 'told the truth' about their condition. The effects and interdependence of the factors of age, personality structure (EPI neuroticism scale), duration of knowledge, social contact, and religiousness, on the patient's ability to cope with the information were examined. The process of adjustment was assessed according to the stages proposed by Kübler-Ross (1969). Using the statistical model of path analysis, it was possible to evaluate these individual factors and present linearly their interrelationships. These results can offer medical staff the following guidelines: Three factors (a) advanced years, (b) good social contact, and (c) optimally unneurotic personality structure, provide the optimum conditions for a positive adjustment to the disclosure of a diagnosis of fatal illness. If, however, only one or two of these factors are involved, or if they are evident only to a slight degree, then conditions for telling the truth are less positive. On the other hand, in the case of (a) youth, (b) restricted social contact, and (c) a more markedly neurotic person, particular caution is recommended, since the danger of a negative reaction, and indeed even of suicide, must be reckoned with.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Audiovisual self-confrontation in schizophrenia.

Only rarely have the effects of audiovisual self-confrontation on psychiatric patients been investigated experimentally and there are few specific hypotheses about the precise effects. Since we hypothesized that the method could have an effect on schizophrenic ego disturbances eight items were used to investigate these disturbances in a carefully selected single case. In contrast to group comparison studies, we used a single case analysis to register subtle individual changes. The ego disturbances of the patients underwent changes during the sessions which were represented in some fields by an increase, in others by a decrease (1% level). The fact that confrontation sessions differed significantly from interviews supported our hypothesis that ego disturbances can be influenced through audiovisual self-confrontation. In cases of acute anxiety symptoms, the danger of the increasing ego disturbance must be anticipated. For this reason, the use of self-confrontation in these cases should be avoided. Our study shows, however, that a patient in the early stages of recovery can increase his ego strength through self-confrontation. Herein lies the possibility of integrating this technique into rehabilitation programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cognitive performance in schizophrenics. A contribution to experimental psychopathology].

1. From the field of cognitive performances we investigated visual perception under varied acoustical conditions providing a certain amount of guidance. Ss: 108 (paranoid schizophrenics n = 34, nonparanoid schizophrenics n = 33, controls n = 41). All were acute patients. Stimuli were arranged in various perceptive stages by factor analysis. Analysis of variance of times of perception resulted in: conditions which did not show any deficits in schizophrenics; by increasing stimuli complexity different deficits were found in nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenics; in a special pattern of stimuli constellation paranoid schizophrenics showed a reversal of attention tendencies. 2. The results of many important experiments which are found in respect of "psychological deficit in schizophrenia" are integrated into the edifice of clinical psychiatry as follows: by defining several aspects of attention which make it possible to employ the experimental results with no regard to hypotheses; by an extensive historical investigation; in the classical literature about 1900 we found many equivalent forerunners to modern American terms; our experiments are connected closely with clinical psychiatry with view to structural psychopathology. 3. The aim is an experimental basis of the performances of schizophrenics as a prior condition of systematical rehabilitation.

Cognition↗
PubMed1975

[Group experiment to investigate judgement-convergence and the assessment of reality in schizophrenics presented with visual stimuli].

Eight acute schizophrenics were examined individually and in groups as to their congruence of judgement and as to their accuracy in estimations in response to various visual stimuli; they were compared in these respects with neurotics. The analysis of variance of the power of judgement showed: (a) there was no difference in the two groups of patients beyond what could be expected by chance alone, and (b) the congruence of judgement was the same in both groups. The analysis of variance of the accuracy in estimations showed that with increasing numbers of stimuli in the visual field the schizophrenics became less and less precise in their estimates. It was demonstrated under what conditions social-psychological findings can be applied to schizophrenic psychoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Presentation of information for the diagnostic-therapeutic decision of the psychiatrist].

So far, little systematic work had been done to investigate how information regarding psychiatric cases should best be presented in order to facilitate important medical decisions. For each of three groups of diseases: (a) schizophrenic reaction, paranoid, (b) manic-depressive, depressed, and (c) anxiety neurosis, we have described four different cases, systematically varying both quantitatively and qualitatively the information in each description. Categorical judgement was given by 15 psychiatrists on a nine-step rating scale with regard to three dimensions. In order to investigate the constancy of the judgements, the method of scaled pair comparisons was used according to the law of comparative judgement. After examination of the adequacy of the scaling models, the following results, among others, were obtained from the scale scores: the discrimination of the two cases of psychoses was highly significant, that of the anxiety neurosis was not significant.

Anxiety Disorders↗