Release of serotonin only in painful area during cluster headache attacks.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
P Henry
Publications and source records attributed to P Henry.
Permanent bruxism as a manifestation of the oculo-facial syndrome related to systemic Whipple's disease.
We report here a new case of oculomasticatory syndrome related to systemic Whipple's disease. The patient presented typical ophthalmoparesis associated with ocular myorhythmia consisting of 1 Hz convergent oscillations of both eyes. The masticatory involvement was remarkable and consisted of a permanent bruxism leading to severe tooth abrasions. Possible pathophysiology of such a disorder is discussed.
Bruxism↗
A nationwide survey of migraine in France: prevalence and clinical features in adults. GRIM.
In November 1990 a nationwide survey of migraine was conducted in France on a representative sample of residents aged 15 years and older. The diagnosis of migraine was based on the International Headache Society (IHS) classification. In a previous study, we validated a diagnostic algorithm which classifies headache sufferers as IHS migraine, "borderline" migraine, possible migraine and non-migrainous headache. The overall prevalence of migraine patients with the IHS criteria in the present study was 8.1%; another 4% were classified as "borderline" migraine, which we in fact considered as definite migraine. Age, gender and occupation were found to be risk factors for migraine. Neither frequency and duration of attacks nor length of time of disease differed with gender. Expressed intensity of attacks, however, was greater in females.
Adolescent↗
Optimal electrolytic chloriding of silver ink electrodes for use in electrical impedance tomography.
The electrode-electrolyte interface impedance may be simplistically modelled by an equivalent circuit comprising a resistance, RTOTAL, in series with an empirical, constant phase angle impedance, ZCPA. This pseudo-capacitance can be thought of as representing empirically the non-faradaic, double layer capacitance in the presence of specific adsorption and surface roughness effects. RTOTAL is the sum of the lead and electrolyte resistances. Depositing a thin layer of silver chloride on silver electrodes can yield improved electrical performance characteristics (potential and impedance) when used in conjunction with a chloride gel. An electrolytically deposited AgCl layer tends to have a rough surface profile thus leading to an increase in the effective interface area. This gives rise to a decrease in RTOTAL and ZCPA, both of which are desirable. Unfortunately AgCl is a relatively poor conductor. Increasing layer thickness causes RTOTAL to increase, thus adversely affecting the inter-electrode impedance at high frequencies. Electrode systems for use in electrical impedance tomography therefore require only relatively thin layers of AgCl.
Electric Conductivity↗
Effects of dopamine and somatostatin on pulsatile pituitary glycoprotein secretion.
The hypothalamic factors dopamine (DA) and somatostatin (SRIH) inhibit pituitary glycoprotein secretion, but little is known regarding the effects of these factors on glycoprotein pulses. To address this question, 12 healthy volunteers underwent frequent blood sampling over 12 h at baseline and during 12-h infusions of DA and/or SRIH. TSH, LH, FSH, and alpha-subunit (alpha) levels were measured in all samples, and hormone pulses were located by Cluster analysis. Both DA and SRIH suppressed TSH pulse amplitude by 70%, while SRIH decreased TSH pulse frequency as well. Both infusions decreased LH pulse amplitude by 30-35%, but had no effect on pulse frequency. In contrast, neither infusion significantly altered FSH pulse parameters, although mean FSH levels declined 15%. DA had no effect on pulsatile alpha secretion, while SRIH decreased alpha pulse frequency. Serum thyroid hormone levels declined during both infusions, but there were no major changes in serum sex steroid levels. Thus, the hypothalamic inhibitory factors DA and SRIH had divergent effects on glycoprotein hormone pulses. The major effects on pulse amplitude, rather than frequency, imply that these factors do not play major roles in the generation of glycoprotein pulses, although SRIH may directly affect the TSH and alpha pulse generators.
Adolescent↗
Choice of medical specialty: analysis of students' needs.
The purposes of this study were to assess the career development needs of entering medical students as measured by the Medical Career Development Inventory and to examine gender differences in responses to the inventory. A total of 115 entering medical students (representing two entering classes) took the inventory two months prior to matriculation. Analysis suggested that this sample of entering students had formed a vocational identity and that they had evaluated the suitability and viability of a commitment to a physician's career. However, the participants had not formed a clear picture of their specialty interest and goals. No significant gender differences were indicated. A recommended career assistance workshop is presented as appropriate for these students' needs.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
[Pilot study of Ginkgolide B, a PAF-acether specific inhibitor in the treatment of acute outbreaks of multiple sclerosis].
Ten patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in acute relapse were treated with a five-day course of intravenous ginkgolide B, a specific inhibitor of PAF-acether. Eight patients had improvement of their neurological score, beginning 2 to 6 days after the initiation of therapy. This improvement was sustained in 5 patients and only transient in 3. Two out of these 3 patients with secondary failure and the other 2 who did not respond to ginkgolide therapy, received i.v. methylprednisolone. Three patients experienced mild side effects under ginkgolide therapy but none of the patients had any serious adverse effect. A controlled randomized study is underway, in order to confirm these results and test higher dosages and more prolonged administration.
Adult↗
[Migraine according to the International Headache Society].
The classification of headache and facial pain established by the International Headache Society (IHS) in 1988 is a useful tool for general practitioners, specialists and scientists. This classification provides a detailed description of the diagnostic criteria for the different forms of migraine headache, ranging from common migraine with or without an aura to less frequent or atypical forms such as migraine without headache or periodic syndromes of childhood.
Adolescent↗
[The effect of inhaled salbutamol on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy].
The aim of this study is to establish whether or not the inhalation of a puff of salbutamol (Ventoline, 100 micrograms) could induce hypoxemia. Twenty-five chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were investigated. In a first group of 20 patients arterial blood gases and related indices were measured before and 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after inhalation of salbutamol. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve was traced before and 90 minutes after the drug intake. Except in two subjects in whom salbutamol dramatically improves arterial blood gases, the drug had no effect on the investigated parameters. It is concluded that salbutamol does not affect the blood gases in COPD patients. In this respect the behaviour of COPD patients differs from that of asthmatics in whom salbutamol generally induced hypoxemia.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Evaluation of threshold doses of drug action in the horse using hematocrit values as an indicator.
This study was designed to explore the use of hematocrit values as possible indicators of the threshold doses of adrenergic drugs in the performance horse. Acepromazine, detomidine, and fluphenazine were tested for their effects on hematocrit values, with the threshold dose for these effects investigated. Hematocrit values were shown to be quite sensitive to the administration of acepromazine with doses as low as 50 micrograms/horse producing detectable depressions in hematocrit values for up to 2 hours. Increasing the dose increased the magnitude of the effect, but did not appear to prolong it, while in contrast, reducing the dose to below 25 micrograms/horse totally eliminated the effect. The alpha-2 agonist detomidine produced a similar depression in hematocrit values, although doses of 10 micrograms/kg or approximately 5 mg/horse, were needed to produce a measurable effect. The anti-psychotic fluphenazine, which is believed to be an illegally administered drug in race horses, had no significant effect on hematocrit values when comparable doses were administered. In addition, the results of monitoring the hematocrit values of six horses for 48 hours suggested that the variations seen may be partially related to circadian factors, with peak values occurring in the afternoon hours.
Acepromazine↗
Endoneurial proliferation of perineurial cells in leprosy.
In leprous neuropathy the perineurium has very often an abnormal multilayered appearance and is infiltrated by many different types of inflammatory cells. We report here 13 cases characterized by an abnormal endoneurial proliferation of fibroblasts which seems to differentiate in perineurial cells. In several instances there is formation of many intrafascicular microcompartments. Such aspects have been described in various, but infrequent, cases of experimental and human neuropathies. It seems that severe Wallerian degeneration, diffuse endoneurial macrophage infiltration and lesion of the perineurium might lead to such a process.
Cell Division↗
Pulsatile glycoprotein hormone secretion in glycoprotein-producing pituitary tumors.
To study patterns of hormone production and secretion in glycoprotein-producing pituitary tumors, 12 patients with such tumors underwent the following studies. Preoperatively, all patients had serum TSH, LH, FSH, and alpha-subunit levels measured every 15 min for 24 h. Hormone pulses were located by cluster analysis, and pulse parameters were compared to those in healthy young men, healthy young women, healthy postmenopausal women, and subjects with primary hypothyroidism. After surgery, immunocytochemistry for the four glycoproteins was performed on all tumors, and Northern blot analysis was performed in six tumors with probes for the four subunits. By immunocytochemistry, 42% of the tumors were positive for TSH beta, 83% for LH beta, 75% for FSH beta, and 92% for alpha-subunit. Preoperative serum hormone levels varied widely between patients and were not well correlated with the intensity of immunocytochemical staining. Northern blot analysis did not appear to be as sensitive as immunocytochemistry for detection of the glycoproteins. All patients had pulsatile glycoprotein secretion, with pulses of normal frequency but varied amplitude. These results suggest that in patients with glycoprotein tumors, hormone pulses may be an integral part of autonomous secretion, or that hypothalamic control is involved in glycoprotein secretion and, perhaps, in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Adenoma↗
Pulsatile prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia due to presumed pituitary stalk interruption.
PRL, like other anterior pituitary hormones, is normally secreted in a pulsatile fashion. However, it is not known whether such pulses depend on dopamine and/or other hypothalamic factors. This question can be addressed by investigating patients with large pituitary mass lesions, since such patients often have hyperprolactinemia due to disruption of normal hypothalamic input to the pituitary gland. Six such patients (5 with non-PRL-secreting tumors and 1 with a craniopharyngioma) and 11 healthy control subjects had PRL levels measured every 15 min over 24 h. PRL pulses were located by cluster analysis. All patients had PRL pulses of normal frequency, but increased amplitude. Circadian variation in PRL pulse amplitude, present in healthy women, was abolished in tumor patients. These results imply that normal pituitary levels of dopamine do not control the generation of PRL pulses. Instead, PRL pulses may arise from the pituitary gland, with pulse amplitude and circadian rhythm modulation by dopamine and other hypothalamic factors. Alternatively, the mild hyperprolactinemia associated with large hypothalamic-pituitary tumors may represent partial impairment of dopamine secretion, with sufficient pituitary dopamine levels to maintain normal PRL pulse frequency.
Circadian Rhythm↗
[Atrial electrophysiological study of unexplained cerebrovascular disorders].
The aim of this study was to detect possible atrial electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with unexplained embolic cerebrovascular accidents without overt atrial arrhythmias. This group was compared with normal controls and a group of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Sixty-six patients were studied: Group I normal controls (N = 20); Group II patients with CVA (N = 26) and Group III, patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (N = 20). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to age (over and under 45 years). The following parameters were taken into consideration: parameters correlated to atrial excitability (effective and functional refractory periods, adaptation of these refractory periods, intraatrial conduction--A1 and A2, S1A1, S2A2 intervals--, index of latent vulnerability); provocative testing by the extrastimulus technique; classical indices of atrioventricular conduction and sinus node function. In subjects over 45 years of age, the effective refractory periods were shorter in Group III (214 +/- 33 ms) and II (214 +/- 32 ms) than in the control Group I (248 +/- 21 ms), p less than 0.01. This difference was not apparent in younger patients. Inadaptation of the refractory periods was demonstrated equally in Groups II and III in all ages whilst the control subjects showed normal adaptation, p less than 0.05. Intraatrial A1 and especially A2 conduction was significantly prolonged in Group III (94.5 +/- 24 ms) and II (87 +/- 14 ms) compared with the control group (69 +/- 8 ms), p less than 0.01, especially in younger subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Clinical evaluation of angular posts for the Branemark system--pilot study].
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Adult↗
Pathophysiology of pulsatile and copulsatile release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and alpha-subunit.
Under physiological conditions, TSH, LH, FSH, and alpha-subunit are released in discrete pulses. To further characterize their neuroregulation and to investigate possible copulsatile secretion of these glycoprotein hormones, we studied the 24-h pulse profiles of all four hormones in each of four subject groups: young men, young women, postmenopausal women, and subjects with untreated primary hypothyroidism. Gonadotropin pulse properties in euthyroid men and women were similar to those previously reported, and hypothyroid subjects had normal gonadotropin pulse patterns. TSH release was pulsatile in all groups; hypothyroid subjects had increased pulse amplitude, but loss of the usual nocturnal increases in pulse amplitude. alpha-Subunit concentrations were pulsatile in all groups, with minimal circadian variation; postmenopausal and hypothyroid subjects had increased alpha-subunit pulse amplitude. We then tested pulse concordance among the four simultaneous hormone series. alpha-Subunit and the gonadotropins were significantly coreleased (triple coincidence), suggesting that all three hormones are closely linked to processes that regulate GnRH secretion. alpha-Subunit bursts were also significantly coincident with those of TSH in men, postmenopausal women, and hypothyroid subjects. Interestingly, TSH pulses were significantly concordant with those of LH and FSH, and all four hormones were significantly concordant in men, postmenopausal women, and hypothyroid subjects. In conclusion, the present findings imply that an underlying unified signal coordinates pulsatile hormone secretion from both gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs.
Adult↗
A comparative study of a BCNU containing 4-drug program versus MOPP versus 3-drug combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: a cooperative study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B.
A prospective randomized trial by CALGB examined the relative value of four chemotherapy regimens in 537 patients with stage III B and IV Hodgkin's disease. A new combination BOPP, derived by substitution of BCNU for nitrogen mustard in the MOPP regimen, was compared to MOPP and to two 3-drug regimens, derived by removing the procarbazine in BOPP (BOP) or removing the alkylating agent (OPP). The 4-drug programs gave significantly higher frequency of complete remissions (BOPP 67%, MOPP 63%) than the 3-drug regimens (BOP 40%, OPP 42%), and significantly longer duration of remission and survival. BOPP had a therapeutic activity equal to MOPP, and was accompanied by less toxicity. After 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy, responding patients, both CR and PR, were continued on maintenance chemotherapy for 3 years. No significant difference in relapse rate was demonstrated following maintenance treatment with either vinblastine, chlorambucil, or chlorambucil plus monthly vincristine + prednisone doses. Nor could a reinforcement phase late in the maintenance program be shown to influence the relapse rate. The median survival for all patients entered on the 4-drug programs was 5 years, while the median has not yet been reached at 6 years for those patients, who obtained CR.
Adult↗
A spin label study of myelin fluidity with normal and pathological peripheral nerves.
The myelin fluidity in peripheral nerves from normal subjects and patients with neuropathy has been studied. Nerve biopsies were made in subjects without neuropathy and in patients with Guillain-Barré, alcoholic or diabetic polyneuropathies and heredodegenerative diseases. The fluidity was studied using a stearic acid spin label with a nitroxide radical at C12 (12-doxylstearic acid) which was introduced by exchange between spin label-charged BSA and nerve myelin. Spectra was obtained with a VARIAN E 109 ESR spectrometer, at temperatures from 5 to 45 degrees C. The ultrastructure of biopsied nerves was also studied. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were all typical of a partially immobilized nitroxide with a distance between outer hyperfine lines (2T//) of about 50 G, at room temperature. The curve 2T// against temperature shows two critical temperatures: 10 and 30 degrees C for all nerves. No correlation could be established between ultrastructure and fluidity of nerves. However, the myelin of nerves from diabetic patients showed a significant increase in viscosity. This physicochemical modification may represent an initial alteration of the myelin sheath, and demands further investigation. No modification of the myelin fluidity was observed in any of the other nerves studied.
Adolescent↗