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Biomedical subjects

P Hogan

Publications and source records attributed to P Hogan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cardiac demands of heavy snow shoveling.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the physiologic responses to manual (shoveling) vs automated (electric snow thrower) snow removal in healthy, untrained men. DESIGN: Observational, controlled trial. SETTING: A community-based, acute care, teaching-research hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 10 apparently healthy untrained men (mean +/- SD age = 32.4 +/- 2.1 years) met all eligibility criteria and completed the study. INTERVENTION: Each subject cleared two 10 +/- 2-cm-high, 15-m-long tracts of heavy, wet snow in the cold (2 degrees C), using self-paced manual and automated methods, in random order, with 10- to 15-minute rest periods between each 10-minute bout of work. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen uptake, and perceived exertion during snow removal were compared with values obtained during maximal arm-ergometer and treadmill tests. RESULTS: Mean heart rate during shoveling was 154 and 173 beats per minute at 2 and 10 minutes, respectively, corresponding to 86% and 97% of maximal heart rate. Relative heart rate (percentage of maximal heart rate) during shoveling was inversely related to aerobic fitness (r = -0.65; P = .05). The highest heart rate and perceived exertion responses during shoveling, arm-ergometer, and treadmill testing were comparable. Systolic blood pressure during snow shoveling (198 +/- 17 mm Hg) was significantly greater (P < .003) than during arm ergometry or automated snow removal and slightly greater than during maximal treadmill testing (181 +/- 25 mm Hg). Oxygen uptake during shoveling was similar to that for arm ergometry (5.7 vs 6.3 metabolic equivalents), but lower than for treadmill testing (9.3 metabolic equivalents). Cardiorespiratory and perceived exertion responses were reduced during automated snow removal. CONCLUSION: Heavy snow shoveling elicits myocardial and aerobic demands that rival maximal treadmill and arm-ergometer testing in sedentary men. These responses may contribute to cardiovascular events reported after heavy snowfalls.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Donor-specific immune response after aortic valve allografting in the rat.

The allospecific immune response in rats to a major histocompatibility complex-disparate aortic valve allograft was investigated using three in vitro assays. In each assay, DA strain (RT-1a) rats served as allograft recipient and syngeneic donor, Lewis strain (RT-1l) rats were allogeneic donors, and Buffalo (RT-1b) rats provided third-party control cells. Mixed lymphocyte cultures using spleen cells demonstrated donor-specific stimulation indices of 3.04 +/- 0.44, 4.14 +/- 0.62, and 6.32 +/- 0.60 at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively, after aortic valve allografting; 8.19 +/- 2.91, 8.51 +/- 1.25, and 10.80 +/- 0.53 after skin allografting; and 1.84 +/- 0.56, 1.82 +/- 0.38, and 1.82 +/- 0.53 after aortic valve isografting. Limiting dilution analysis of splenocytes showed a donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency at 7, 14, and 28 days of 1:6,853, 1:4,714, and 1:1,964 after aortic valve allografting; 1:4,181, 1:1,611, and 1:1,018 after skin allografting; and 1:14,517, 1:11,882, and 1:10,995 after aortic valve isografting. Flow cytometry detected an increase in the level of donor-specific anti-T cell antibodies in both valve and skin allograft recipients but not in isografted animals. Aortic valve allografting from Lewis into DA rats elicits allospecific cellular and humoral immune responses similar in magnitude to skin allografting but somewhat slower in onset. Investigation of the immune response to aortic allografts in humans is warranted, as donor-specific T cells, antibodies, or both may damage the allograft.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pemphigus vulgaris following a cutaneous thermal burn.

Pemphigus vulgaris developed in a 59-year-old man following a cutaneous thermal burn. This is an example of induced pemphigus and should be included with the small number of cases where this sequence has been reported.

Burns↗
PubMed1992

Interdisciplinary management of hemicorporectomy after spinal cord injury.

Hemicorporectomy (HCP) is infrequently used, but its effects can devastate the patient's body image, autonomic function, and physical abilities even more than a spinal cord injury of comparable level. Interdisciplinary management is of the utmost importance. This report describes the 2 year course, including four separate rehabilitation admissions, of a patient who was initially paraplegic, and then underwent a HCP for complications secondary to a cauda equina ependymoma. The patient's expectations for functional independence were established by his successful initial spinal cord rehabilitation. The HCP was performed 6 months after initial discharge secondary to infected Harrington rods and rapid spread of the tumor. Extensive use of the interdisciplinary team approach allowed comprehensive analysis and treatment of the patient's comfort, mobility, skin tolerance, and upper extremity functional abilities. Four successive prostheses were developed and modified, until all concerns were successfully addressed. The patient ultimately became completely independent at the wheelchair level. The evaluations, treatment plan, and emphasis of each discipline, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation nursing, therapeutic recreation, social work, vocational rehabilitation, and physiatry are summarized. Differences between the patient's course and standard spinal cord rehabilitation are detailed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Survival from pentamidine induced pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus.

Serious and occasionally fatal reactions to pentamidine have been reported and with the increased use of the drug in immunocompromised patients they are likely to become more frequent. We report the development of acute pancreatitis and permanent diabetes mellitus in an AIDS patient treated with intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis pneumonia. The literature on pentamidine induced pancreatic damage is reviewed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Episodic probing attachment loss versus pocket depth: bacterial morphotype associations.

Marginal periodontitis in humans is characterized by phases of clinical disease progression, which are interspersed between periods of quiescence. The purpose of the present study was to compare subgingival bacterial populations from periodontal sites undergoing episodic probing attachment loss with bacterial populations from non-progressing lesions. Probing depth and attachment levels were measured in 10 adult patients at baseline, and every 30 days thereafter for 10 months. Pairs of corresponding contralateral sites were identified where one site had lost probing attachment within the previous month (P) and the other site had not (C). Subgingival bacterial samples were obtained from these sites and analyzed using darkfield microscopy. Motile forms, spirochetes, curved and straight rods, filaments, coccoid cells, fusiforms, and the total number of bacteria were assessed. The results showed that median pocket depth and attachment change were statistically significantly greater in P-sites as compared to C-sites. There was no significant difference in bacterial populations between P- and C-sites (p greater than 0.15). Motile forms, spirochetes, and total number of bacteria were positively correlated with pocket depth in P-sites, while in C-sites the same was true only for curved rods. These results suggest that darkfield microscopy of subgingival bacteria in humans represents primarily pocket depth.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Novel cell lines display properties of nociceptive sensory neurons.

Hybrid cell lines derived from neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia neurons fused with the mouse neuroblastoma N18Tg2 exhibit sensory neuron-like properties not displayed by the parental neuroblastoma. These properties include an inward (depolarizing) current with a conductance increase in response to activation of a bradykinin receptor, an inward (depolarizing) current with a conductance increase in response to the sensory excitotoxin capsaicin, the expression of sensory neuropeptides (substance P, CGRP and somatostatin), the expression of phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules including adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily that can be regulated in serum-free culture by nerve growth factor (N-CAM, F-3 and Thy-1), and low permissivity to herpes simplex virus infection. These lines thus provide appropriate models for the study of mechanisms involved in nociceptor activation and the regulation of expression of sensory-neuron specific markers including neuropeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identity of the calmodulin-binding proteins in bovine lens plasma membranes.

Two bovine lens plasma membrane proteins have been identified that bind calmodulin in a Ca2(+)-dependent fashion. Electrophoretic analysis of lens membrane proteins photoaffinity-labeled with benzophenone[125I]calmodulin confirmed our previous observation [Louis, Johnson and Turnquist (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 150, 271-8] that two major products are formed with Mr = 46 kDa and 36 kDa. Limited proteolysis of lens membrane proteins with chymotrypsin resulted in the formation of a 21-kDa-fragment that was derived from the hydrolysis of the major lens membrane protein MP26; this correlated with the loss of the 46-kDa complex, and the formation of a 41-kDa photoaffinity-labeled complex. Use of the [125I]calmodulin gel overlay procedure confirmed that the 46-kDa and 41-kDa photoaffinity-labeled complexes reflect the interaction of calmodulin with both MP26 and its 21-kDa chymotryptic fragment, respectively. Proteolysis of lens membranes with higher concentrations of chymotrypsin resulted in the hydrolysis of the 18-kDa protein which correlated with the generation of a 12-kDa fragment; this paralleled the loss of the 36-kDa photoaffinity labeled complex and the formation of a 28-kDa-complex. The [125I]calmodulin gel overlay procedure demonstrated that the 36-kDa and 28-kDa photoaffinity-labeled complexes reflect the interaction of calmodulin with the 18-kDa lens membrane protein and its likely 12-kDa chymotryptic fragment, respectively. Identification of these calmodulin-binding proteins suggests that MP26 and the 18-kDa membrane protein are likely candidates for the proposed calcium sensitive, calmodulin-dependent gating of lens fiber cell junctions.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1986

Sphingomyelin lipidosis variant with cirrhosis in the pediatric age group.

Two children with a variant of sphingomyelin lipidosis had otherwise unexplained cirrhosis that was histologically inactive and appeared to run an indolent course. The primary clinical problems involved the central nervous system, with vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia being the most distinctive feature. Biochemical analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from one of the children revealed that sphingomyelinase activity was 42% of control values. The typical inconspicuous hepatic storage and cirrhosis, coupled with the important morphologic finding of sea-blue histiocytes in the marrow, suggested that in cases of unexplained infantile or childhood cirrhosis the marrow should be closely examined for such histiocytes. Likewise, in cases of sea-blue histiocytes without evident etiology, with or without cirrhosis, this disease should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Abdominal pain as a presenting symptom of male germ cell tumour.

Twenty-three patients who presented with abdominal pain and were found to have germ cell tumours have been reviewed. The overall survival of these patients was no different from the survival of those presenting with testicular swellings. Intra-abdominal germ cell tumour remains an important differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in men.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of bacterial enteropathogens in foods from Mexico.

We examined food consumption patterns of U.S. students temporarily living in Guadalajara, Mexico. Consumption of foods prepared in Mexican homes was associated with an increased risk of acquisition of diarrhea. Foods from commercial sources and private Mexican homes in Guadalajara were subsequently examined for contamination with coliforms, fecal coliforms, and bacterial enteropathogens. For comparison, selected restaurant foods were obtained in Houston, Tex. Food obtained from Mexican homes showed generally higher counts of coliforms and fecal coliforms than those obtained from commercial sources in Mexico and Houston. The foods in Mexico, both from homes and commercial sources, commonly contained Escherichia coli and occasionally enterotoxigenic E. coli. Foods in Houston were not contaminated with E. coli or enterotoxigenic E. coli. Salmonella (17 isolates), Shigella (4 isolates), and Aeromonas hydrophila (1 isolate) were found only in the foods obtained from Mexican homes. Enterotoxigenic non-E. coli Enterobacteriaceae was recovered with approximately equal frequency from all food sources.

Diarrhea↗