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Biomedical subjects

P Hugh-Jones

Publications and source records attributed to P Hugh-Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Chronic cardiac toxicity after inhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Two patients showed evidence of chronic cardiac toxicity after repeated exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. In both cases there was circumstantial evidence of a deterioration after routine anaesthetic use of the related compound halothane. An adolescent boy who sniffed trichloroethane presented with multiple ventricular arrhythmias during tonsillectomy. Follow up showed mild chronic left ventricular impairment. A 54 year old man had repeated industrial exposure to trichloroethane and deteriorated from mild stable cardiac failure to end stage cardiac failure after halothane anaesthesia for herniorrhaphy. Chronic cardiac toxicity is a previously unreported feature of this type of solvent exposure. Related compounds such as halothane may have a toxic interaction after exposure to trichloroethane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Laser photodynamic therapy for inoperable bronchogenic squamous carcinoma.

Fifteen consecutive patients with advanced squamous bronchogenic carcinoma, most of whom had had radiotherapy, were given palliative photodynamic therapy, using either haematoporphyrin derivative or dihaematoporphyrin ether to light sensitize their tumour. All tumours responded to treatment by subsequent light at 630 nm and in the 12 patients where adequate tumour illumination was achieved there was complete clearing of the bronchus in three and partial (more than 50 per cent clearing) in the remaining nine, with relief of haemoptysis and/or breathing obstruction. One patient with recurrent tumour in a pneumonectomy stump after radiotherapy has remained disease-free for over two years since photodynamic therapy. The main complications were temporary skin light sensitization reaction in three, infection after reaeration of lung tissue in two, and transient but severe worsening of breathing obstruction in two.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Long term changes in lung function after surgical treatment of bullous emphysema in smokers and ex-smokers.

Eleven patients who had received surgical treatment for bullous emphysema had regular assessment of lung function for a minimum of four years (mean 8.8, range 4-20 years). For each patient we estimated the annual rate of change in FEV1 and "relaxed" vital capacity (before and after bronchodilator aerosol) and in carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO), transfer coefficient (KCO), and arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions (Paco2 and Pao2). Among the 11 who had undergone operation, all lung function variables declined at a faster rate in those who continued to smoke than in ex-smokers, the difference in rate being significant (p less than 0.05) for FEV1 (before bronchodilator), TLCO and KCO. In ex-smokers the rate of change in most lung function indices was not significantly different from zero--that is, no change; in smokers all lung function indices except Paco2 declined at a rate significantly greater than zero. These findings suggest that long term results of surgical treatment for bullous emphysema are likely to be greatly improved if patients abandon smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Annual decline of lung function in pulmonary emphysema: influence of radiological distribution.

Fifty-six male patients with pulmonary emphysema and normal serum alpha 1-antitrypsin were followed for a minimum period of three years (range 3-13 yr) to observe the effects of the radiological distribution of emphysema on the annual rate of change of lung function indices. The subjects were placed in three categories--upper zone (UZ), lower zone (LZ), and generalised (G). The influence of smoking was taken into account with subjects in each radiographic category being divided into ex-smokers (group EX-S) and continuing smokers (group S). The rate of decline of FEV1, VC, TCO, and KCO was greater in group S than EX-S in all three x-ray categories. In group S, FEV1, VC, TCO, and KCO declined significantly faster in UZ emphysema than in G emphysema. In group EX-S, FEV1, TCO, and PaO2 declined significantly faster in UZ than G emphysema but VC remained unaltered. KCO and PaCO2 did not change significantly in any radiographic category in either group S or EX-S. Patients with G and LZ emphysema underwent very similar physiological changes over the course of time. Those with UZ emphysema, however, complained of exertional dyspnoea at an earlier age; a number of their lung function indices deteriorated at a faster rate than in patients from the other two categories, suggesting that UZ emphysema is a different disease entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative analysis of effect of neodymium-YAG laser on transplanted mouse carcinomas.

Intradermally transplanted non-immunogenic murine carcinomas measuring 3-6 mm in diameter were exposed to a neodymium-YAG laser beam (1060 nm) over a range of exposure times (0.5-6 seconds) and energy densities (expressed as watts/mm2 exposure field). Subsequent growth of the irradiated tumours was compared with that of untreated tumours. A clear dose-response relationship dependent only on power delivered per unit area was found. Below a given dose threshold (about 2 joules/mm2) the tumours continued to grow at the same rate as the control tumours although an effect of irradiation could be seen histologically. Above this threshold the tumours completely disappeared but by 10-14 days started to regrow at a rate slightly greater than in the control mice; the reason for this increased rate remains to be determined. At the highest doses (above about 5.5 joules/mm2) there was complete regression and skin healing, with no evidence of local recurrence in seven animals and with no evidence of distant metastases in six out of seven up to 12 months later, a result not previously achieved by surgical excision. The laser provides a controlled and simply applied method of tumour eradication. This animal model gives a quantitative basis for further studies of the effects of laser irradiation on tumour growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

The influence of cigarette smoking and its withdrawal on the annual change of lung function in pulmonary emphysema.

Fifty-six male patients with pulmonary emphysema were followed for a minimum period of three years (range 3-13), to observe the effects of smoking and smoking withdrawal. The subjects were divided into smokers (Group S) and ex-smokers (Group EX-S). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC) declined at a significantly (p less than 0.001) faster rate in those who continued to smoke than in ex-smokers. No significant difference between the two groups was observed for kCO (permeability coefficient) and PaO2 (arterial oxygen tension). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) difference between the two groups in the annual change in body weight. We conclude that all patients with emphysema, even those with advanced disease, should be encouraged to stop smoking.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1978

Dead space and tidal volume of the giraffe compared with some other mammals.

The ventilation, tidal volume and anatomical dead-space were measured in a living giraffe and compared with similar measurements in a camel, red deer, llama and man. The giraffe had a resting tidal volume of about 3.3 litres with a dead-space/tidal-volume ratio of 0.34. The giraffe breathes slowly, apparently because of the unusually small diameter of its trachea relative to its length, compared with known measurement in other mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Tetracosactrin for the management of asthmatic patients after long-term corticosteroids.

Thirty-five of 41 asthmatic patients, who had been taking oral corticosteroids regularly for between one and 12 years, recovered their adrenal function after courses of depot tetracosactrin, even those with apparently complete adrenal suppression. They all showed benefit by transfer to depot tetracosactrin, though steroid withdrawal symptoms could be troublesome. Skin pigmentation in three, and two severe reactions to tetracosactrin were encountered. We believe that it is advisable to give depot tetracosactrin when converting severe asthmatics to the use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols who have previously been treated by long-term steroids with consequent adrenal suppression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Emphysema.

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Pulmonary Emphysema↗
PubMed1973

Deaths from asthma.

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Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗