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P Imwidthaya

Publications and source records attributed to P Imwidthaya.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Penicillium marneffei: types and drug susceptibility.

The PCR fingerprints of 30 Penicillium marneffei isolates from Chiang Rai in Northern Thailand and Bangkok in central Thailand were studied through use of single-nucleotide primers (GACA)4 and the phage M13 core sequence. Discrimination of fingerprint patterns was based on differences in the number of major bands. The P. marneffei isolates were divided into four types, i.e., A, B, C, and D. Type A was found in two isolates from Chiang Rai (6.7%). Types B and C respectively were found in two (6.7%) and one (3.3%) isolates from Bangkok. The predominate type D (83.3%) was found in isolates obtained from Chiang Rai and Bangkok. The PCR fingerprinting method was found to be useful for the epidemiological study of P. marneffei, a dimorphic opportunistic fungus and an emerging pathogen in the HIV pandemic. In vitro drug susceptibility testing by broth macrodilution to four antifungal agents against the yeast form of P. marneffei was performed. The MIC ranges for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were 0.125-0.5, 4.0-8.0, < 0.032, and < 0.125 microgram/ml respectively.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of katG codon 315 mutations among isoniazid sensitive and resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Thailand.

Nine isoniazid (INH)-susceptible and 11 INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were analyzed for katG codon 315 mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers MYC-32 and MYC-33, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. After AciI digestion of PCR products, all 9 INH-susceptible isolates and 5 out of 11 (45%) INH-resistant isolates showed 0.12 kb band, which was previously reported to indicate wild type, whereas, 6 of 11 (55%) INH-resistant isolates lacked this band.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2000

Cryptococcosis in AIDS.

A total of 87 patients (17 female, 70 male) were admitted to SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY, BANGKOK, THAILAND, from JANUARY 1996 TO DECEMBER 1997, with a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis and underlying AIDS. The age range was 14: 70 years, mean 32.1. Six females (35%) and thirty-one males (44%) died, while the others were discharged home after clinical improvement. The mean duration of admission of those who died was 14.5 days, which was shorter than that of the patients who survived (25.7 days). Cerebral cryptococcosis was diagnosed using culture (100%), India ink preparation (91%), latex agglutination test (100%), and polymerase chain reaction (86%). Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Cryptococcus neoformans revealed 99% serotype A and 1% serotype B. The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole against 87 isolates of C neoformans were 0.55 microg/ml (0.25-1, SD = 0.22), 9.5 microg/ml (2-20, SD = 4.91), 6.9 microg/ml (1-16, SD = 4.42) and 0.36 microg/ml (0.125-1.0, SD = 0.23), respectively. These findings showed that the cryptococcal infections were sensitive to these antifungal agents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

Usefulness of a microimmunodiffusion test for the detection of Penicillium marneffei antigenemia, antibodies, and exoantigens.

Eight sera from culturally-proven cases of penicilliosis marneffei and their corresponding isolates were examined for circulating antibody(ies) and antigen, and exoantigens, respectively, using a microimmunodiffusion (MID) test. Two of the 8 sera produced strong precipitins (1-2) when reacted against control Penicillium marneffei antigen (5-week-old shaken cultures at 25 C) in the presence of control rabbit anti-P. marneffei serum. Five of the 8 sera produced a strong precipitin line when reacted against control hyperimmune serum to P. marneffei. These five sera, and one additional serum, which tested negative for antibody to P. marneffei, demonstrated the presence of antigen by reacting only against the anti-P. marneffei serum. Serological evaluations of the sera revealed that the MID test is capable of detecting antibody and antigen in AIDS patients having penicilliosis marneffei infections. Exoantigen analysis of the 8 P. marneffei isolates, which were previously identified using the conventional and time-consuming macro- and micro-morphological characteristics, showed the presence of 1 to 4 specific exoantigens in MID. With the exoantigen analysis, the identity of all of the isolates was confirmed as P. marneffei. Our studies indicated that the serological tests are useful for detecting circulating antibody and/or antigen in patients' sera, and that the exoantigen test is reliable for confirming the identity of P. marneffei cultures.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Human pythiosis.

Pythiosis is a cosmopolitan granulomatous disease caused by an aquatic fungus Pythium insidiosum which usually occurs in horses, cattle, dogs, cats or fishes. There have been 28 cases of human pythiosis published in the literature. Twenty three patients have been reported from all over Thailand. Human pythiosis presents in one of three clinical forms: cutaneous or subcutaneous, systemic or vascular and ophthalmic (e.g., corneal ulcer or keratitis). Systemic antibiotics or antimycotics are not effective in the treatment of this infection. A saturated solution of KI gives a beneficial result only in the subcutaneous form. Surgical removal of the source of infection is the method of therapy of vascular and ophthalmic forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Update of Penicillosis marneffei in Thailand. Review article.

Penicillium marneffei is endemic in Southeast Asia. Although Thailand is a country in this region, penicillosis marneffei was rare. It was found occasionally in immunocompromised patients. With the increasing incidence of HIV seropositivity penicillosis marneffei emerged as one of the major problems in HIV infected patients residing in Thailand. The common presenting signs were fever, anemia, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy. productive cough and a common skin manifestation as molluscum contagiosum-like lesions. The diseases should be considered in Thais and immunocompromised travelers with a history of visiting Thailand. Because the disease is potentially curable, prompt diagnosis and treatment will lead to better prognosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Systemic fungal infections in Thailand.

Between January 1988 and December 1993, 254 cases of systemic mycoses were recorded in Thailand. Between 1988 and 1991, the common mycoses were aspergillosis, candidosis and cryptococcosis. In 1992, cryptococcosis increased to 30 cases with 27 being AIDS related. In 1993, cryptococcosis increased dramatically to 57 cases with 49 AIDS related. Eight cases of penicillosis marneffei occurred in AIDS patients in 1993. Skin manifestations of penicillosis marneffei and histoplasmosis in AIDS usually manifested as molluscum contagiosum-like papulonecrotic lesions. Clinical signs and symptoms could not be differentiated from each other.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Human pythiosis in Thailand.

Pythium insidiosum is a protoctista and causes diseases in plants and animals. In Thailand it can cause a unique human infection of three types. The first type is a subcutaneous lesion in thalassaemic patients, with the pathological findings of a granulomatous reaction, diffuse infiltration, and oedema of the vessel walls. The patients responded to a saturated solution of potassium iodide. The second type is chronic inflammation and occlusion of blood vessels mainly in the lower extremities which results in gangrene or aneurysm formation. This type of infection is only found in thalassaemic patients and leads to amputation of the affected extremities or resection of the involved arteries. The third type is keratitis. This type of infection may or may not be associated with thalassaemia. The clinical signs and symptoms do not differentiate it from other types of myocotic keratitis. The patients end up with keratoplasty, evisceration or enucleation. Thailand is an agricultural country, and there are plenty of swampy areas and several plants to support the life cycle of Pythium. Moreover, many people suffer from thalassaemia, and there is no drug available for Pythium. Pythiosis plays an important role in medicine in Thailand.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunodiffusion test for diagnosing basidiobolomycosis.

An immunodiffusion test was developed for the diagnosis of basidiobolomycosis. When culture filtrate antigen (CFA) from Basidiobolus ranarum was reacted against two human patient and two rabbit antisera, 2 precipitin bands, inner (N) and outer (Y), were revealed for both patient and rabbit antisera. A line of identity was also observed between precipitin bands obtained with patient and rabbit sera. When CFA from B. ranarum (B CFA) was reacted against rabbit sera which contained antibody to Conidiobolus coronatus and Pythium insidiosum, 1 precipitin band corresponding to inner band (N) was observed. This finding showed that B. ranarum, C. coronatus and P. insidiosum shared at least one common antigen. After B CFA was absorbed with Pythium rabbit antiserum, the inner precipitin line that occurred between B CFA and rabbit antisera of Pythium and Conidiobolus disappeared. However, with Basidiobolus rabbit antiserum, the result did not change. The antigens which could be demonstrated by inner (N) and outer (Y) precipitin bands were heat stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The titer of the antibodies specific to these antigens decreased as the lesions subsided. When B. ranarum CFA was reacted against sera from 20 apparently normal persons, 20 diabetes mellitus patients, 5 aspergillosis patients, 2 candidosis patients and 3 pythiosis patients, no precipitin band was found. B. ranarum CFA was also treated with each rabbit antiserum specific to Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur and Aspergillus fumigatus. No precipitin bands occurred with any of these antisera. Thus, this test was found to be practical, sensitive and specific, and can be used to monitor patients infected with Basidiobolus ranarum.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Latex agglutination test for diagnosing cryptococcosis.

Fourteen cases of systemic cryptococcosis were admitted to Siriraj Hospital during 1987 to 1989. These included 5 male and 9 female patients aged 4-65 years. The most significant manifestation was cryptococcal meningitis and systemic lupus erythematosus was the most common underlying disease. Culture test for C. neoformans was negative after 28 days of treatment and the latex agglutination test decreased to 1+ agglutination within 49 days of treatment. The latex agglutination test may also be positive in other bacterial, fungal, connective tissue and malignant diseases. A definite diagnosis must, therefore, rely on conventional methods (finding organisms in specimens, culture for the organism). The latex agglutination test is valuable for monitoring patients (decreasing titer indicates a good response). The disease recurred in 4 cases. In cases of cryptococcal meningitis, lumbar puncture should periodically be performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for mycological study. In addition the patients should be observed for symptoms and signs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

In vitro drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium other than tubercle bacilli.

MOTT were isolated from clinical specimens from the Division of Mycobacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, and also from natural sources, namely water and soil in the Bangkok area from January to December, 1987. The strains isolated were as follows: 30 M. fortuitum fortuitum, 5 M. fortuitum peregrinum 3 M. fortuitum 3 rd. biovariant complex, 3 M. chelonae chelonae, 7 M. chelonae abscessus. Of these, 5 strains were isolated from clinical specimens and the other 43 were from the environment. The pattern of drug susceptibility to antituberculous and antimicrobial agents revealed that they were resistant to antituberculous agents but susceptible to aminoglycosides (which contain a central ring of 2-deoxystreptamine) such as amikacin (83% of cultures), netilmicin (83%), gentamicin (77%) and kanamycin (75%). Some strains were sensitive to tetracyclines (35%), but all were resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Bangkok (Thailand).

Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 13 patients (7 females and 6 males) suffering from systemic cryptococcosis. Eight patients were suffering from central nervous system cryptococcosis and 5 were suffering from disseminated cryptococcosis. Systemic lupus erythematosus was found to be the common underlying disease in 3 patients. The results of treatment depended on the underlying diseases (7 improved, 6 died). Also, 13 isolates of C. neoformans were obtained from feces of 30 pet birds. All 26 isolates of C. neoformans were cultured in glycine cycloheximide medium and were found to be of serotypes A and D.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunodiffusion test for diagnosing human pythiosis.

An immunodiffusion test was developed for diagnosing subcutaneous and systemic pythiosis in humans. When culture filtrate antigen (CFA) from P. insidiosum was reacted against patient and rabbit antisera, 1-5 precipitin bands occurred both in patient and rabbit antisera, and a line of identity also occurred between patient and rabbit sera. When control P. insidiosum CFA was reacted with 30 apparently normal persons, 20 Thalassemia patients, 2 candidosis and 5 aspergillosis patients, no precipitin bands were found. P. insidiosum CFA also tested with rabbit antibodies to B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, H. capsulatum, P. brasiliensis, C. albicans, M. furfur and A. fumigatus revealed no cross reactions. This test is practical, sensitive and specific.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1989

A study of pityriasis versicolor in Bangkok (Thailand)

A total of 410 cases of pityriasis versicolor were studied in the Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, during January to December 1987. These comprised 1% of all skin disorders, while infection caused by fungus comprised 17%. Most persons infected with pityriasis versicolor were 12-21 years old (mean age 20 years) and 47% were male and 53% were female. The common sites of infection were back, arms, face and trunk. The colors of lesions found were white (83%), brown (7%), pink (6%) and ashy (4%). Both forms of M. furfur were isolated, the ovale form in 97% and the orbiculare form in 3% of cases. The colors of the lesions did not depend on the form of the organism. Mycological and immunological studies confirmed that the two forms were different stages in the complex developmental cycle of a single species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis of systemic candidosis by immunodiffusion test with locally prepared antigen.

Locally-made C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei antigens and antisera were made and compared with reference C. albicans and C. krusei antigens and antisera from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., and the Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, respectively. The local antigens and antisera showed 3 precipitin bands when reacted with locally-made and reference antisera. When tested with human sera from 171 normal persons (aged 17-24 years), 30 Candida vaginitis, 30 Candida balanitis, 30 mucocutaneous candidosis, 30 pityriasis versicolor and 10 aspergillosis patients revealed no precipitin band. When tested with cryptococcosis, 2 out of 6 sera showed a precipitin band but only at 1:1 dilution. Four candidosis sera offered by CDC showed precipitin bands at dilutions up to 1:4. Three Thai candidosis sera also showed precipitin bands at dilutions up to 1:2. Therefore, we judged the baseline titer for Thai population to be 1:2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mycobacterium other than tubercle bacilli in various environments in Bangkok.

This research was designed to isolate Mycobacterium other than tubercle bacilli in various environments in the Bangkok area, in 1987. The results were as follows, one hundred samples of soil yielded 1 Mycobacterium gordonae, 2 M. chelonei, 57 M. fortuitum, 1 Nocardia asteroides, one hundred samples of natural water from the Chao Phraya River and the canals of Chao Phraya River yielded 2 M. chelonei, 18 M. fortuitum, 1 N. asteroides and 1 N. brasiliensis, thirty samples of tap water yielded 3 M. gordonae. But thirty samples of water from swimming pools were negative for Mycobacterium.

Humans↗