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Biomedical subjects

P Irvine

Publications and source records attributed to P Irvine.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Deaths caused by physical restraints.

A retrospective analysis of 122 deaths caused by vest and strap restraints found that most victims were women (78%) and a median age of 81. Victims were found suspended from chairs (42%) or beds (58%); 83% were in nursing homes. Detailed analysis of 19 cases showed that all were demented, 13 had impulsive or involuntary movements, and 14 had recently tried to escape from a restraint or been found in a dangerous position while restrained. Restraints are an underrecognized, underreported, avoidable, and proximate cause of at least 1 of every 1,000 nursing home deaths.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

State regulations governing infection control issues in long-term care.

OBJECTIVE: To examine states' regulations governing infections and infection control in long-term-care institutions. DESIGN: Collection and examination of relevant documents from all of the states, the District of Columbia, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, and Medicare/Medicaid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rules governing (1) admissions of patients with infections, (2) tuberculin testing of residents, (3) employee health, (4) use of immunizations, (5) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and (6) infection control were compared. RESULTS: There were wide variations in states' policies in each of these areas and many were inconsistent with current scientific knowledge. CONCLUSION: Uniform federal standards for long-term care would probably provide a better and more economical way to ensure quality of care in these institutions.

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed1991

Integrating HIV/AIDS policies and curricular content into baccalaureate nursing programs.

A model used by one school of nursing to implement HIV/AIDS policies, sequenced instructional opportunities, and a research-based evaluation process is described. In the evaluation phase, a study was undertaken to measure students' retention of HIV/AIDS knowledge and their application of universal precautions (U.P.). Findings revealed that 59% of junior baccalaureate nursing students and 75% of seniors retained knowledge about HIV/AIDS and U.P. Seniors indicated that in their role as nursing student or technician/extern, supplies and equipment were readily available and that they had sufficient time to implement U.P. However, only 64% admitted to following correct procedures, even though 96% acknowledged feeling confident in their ability to do so. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and consistent application of U.P. protects nursing students, prevents legal problems, and promotes the quality of patient care.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1979

Tetanus and diphtheria immunity in urban Minnesota adults.

Tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin levels were measured in 183 urban adults, using a hemagglutination technique. Protective levels (greater than 0.01 unit/mL) of tetanus antitoxin were present in more than 85% of sera from all subjects under 40 years of age and from men between 40 and 59 years old. A minority of women (36%) between 40 and 59 years of age, and of men (41%) and women (29%) over 60 years of age, were protected. Less than one quarter of the study group had protective levels (greater than 0.01 unit/mL) of diphtheria antitoxin. The results of the study suggest that a minority of middle-aged women and older adults have been appropriately immunized against diphtheria and tetanus.

Adolescent↗