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Biomedical subjects

P J Chapple

Publications and source records attributed to P J Chapple.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Clones of cells from a human embryo lung: their growth and susceptibility to respiratory viruses.

Colonies of cells were obtained from human fetal lung tissue and exposed to recently isolated respiratory viruses. There was a considerable variation in the number of rounded cells found in different colonies exposed to rhinovirus types 2 and 9 (RV2 and 9), human coronavirus 229E (HCV), adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Smaller colonies had more rounded cells than larger colonies. Clones were established from 9 out of 11 colonies. They varied in their rate of growth and the pattern formed on a plastic surface. They varied also in their virus susceptibility particularly to "difficult" rhinoviruses such as RV9 and SF1340. One cell clone (HL1/77 Clone 8), was highly susceptible to all these viruses. All cultures were more sensitive to RSV when maintained in F12K medium than in MEM, whereas there was no difference for rhinoviruses. Influenza A and B and parainfluenza 3 viruses sometimes produced cytopathic effect, and always produced haemadsorption, but unlike the previous strains could not be passed serially and presumably produced little infectious virus. All clones were rather insusceptible to Ad3; but the virus could be passed, whereas coxsackie virus B3 produced no CPE. Substantial yields of coronavirus and rhinovirus were obtained in gelatin sponge cultures. Two "very difficult" respiratory viruses which had just been adapted to tissue culture; namely, HS rhinovirus and JK coronavirus grew in 7 of 9 and in 6 of 9 clones respectively.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1979

Infection of cultured human type II pneumonocytes with certain respiratory viruses.

Human type II alveolar pneumonocytes were grown either as monolayers derived from a clone or as organotypic cultures of fetal lung. The type II cells in these cultures retained in their cytoplasm multilamellar bodies which were morphologically identical to similar organelles present in type II cells of intact human fetal and adult lung. A number of respiratory viruses infected the cells and produced a cytopathic effect in the cultures. Viral components were also detected in some of the infected cells. Adenovirus type 3, human coronavirus 229E, and rhinovirus types 2 and 9 produced new infectious virus, but influenza A and parainfluenza 3 virus apparently did not.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

Tissue typing of cells in culture. I. Distinction between cell lines by the various patterns produced in mixed haemadsorption with selected multiparous sera.

From over 3000 sera of multiparous women about 150 were selected that reacted with some (between 1--50%) of a panel of 20--30 non-HeLa cell lines, mostly of tumour origin. In the mixed haemadsorption method the diameters of zones formed by certain sera on particular cultures were measured and scored. The haemadsorption culture patterns produced by 70--135 discriminating sera were compared in pairs with the patterns formed on other cell lines. Comparisons between replicate cultures gave 'significant' differences with 0--10% of the sera used. In these instances deviations were in one direction, whereas in every other pair comparison, deviations were in both directions. It is concluded that in cases where pair comparisons initially give only 10%, or fewer significant differences, tests using carefully selected sera or typing for HLA-antigens should be performed. When comparisons yield more than 10% significant differences and deviations occur in both directions, cultures may be considered different.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1978

Long-term maintenance of reaggregated hypothalamic cultures developed from embryonic rat hypothalamus: prostaglandin release during synaptogenesis in vitro.

Hypothalamic aggregate cultures were developed from hypothalami taken from rat embryos at 17-19 days gestation. The aggregate cultures exhibited a prominent morphological differentiation during 3-4 weeks in culture. The fine structure of the synapses formed in the aggregates resembled synapses in tha adult animal. During synaptogenesis the aggregates spontaneously release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The amount of PGE2 released in the media was reversed upon the morphological differentiation of the hypothalamic cultures. Media containing a higher PGE2 concentration increased the extracellular prolactin accumulation in monolayer cultures developed from adult rat hypophysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

A survey of antibodies to Adenovirus 8 and Coxsackievirus A21 in human sera.

Studies have recently been published of surveys of antibodies to common respiratory viruses in human sera from several parts of the world. The present article reports the findings of a survey of antibodies to two more viruses (adenovirus type 8 and coxsackievirus type A21) in human sera mainly collected from six widely separated geographical regions (Alaska, England, Marshall Islands, Sarawak, South-West Africa and Tunisia).A world-wide geographical distribution of infection with these two viruses was found. However, antibodies to individual viruses were not found with the same frequency in all countries; and, in marked contrast to the findings in the earlier surveys of antibodies to the common respiratory viruses, the frequency of antibodies was not the same for each virus in sera from the same country. It was not possible to draw any final conclusions as to the reasons for the observed differences.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of monolayer cultures of type II alveolar pneumonocytes that produce pulmonary surfactant in vitro.

In lung, type II cells are the site of synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a major component of pulmonary surfactant. Clonal culture methods permit isolation of an epithelial cell strain (L-2) derived from type II cells of intact rat lung capable of active PC production in vitro. Isotopic labeling of these monolayer cultures show that the choline incorporation pathway is the predominant biosynthetic route for PC production. This same pathway is utilized for PC production in whole lung. Three enzymes of this pathway are readily detected in L-2 cells. Determination of specific enzyme activity in monolayers and whole lung indicate that clonally derived L-2 cells are enriched in choline kinase (10-fold), cholinephosphate cytidyl transferase (10-fold) and cholinephosphotransferase activity (5-fold). Our second approach was to develop an in vitro system in which cellular inter-relationships and cell to cell contacts present in whole lung are maintained. This organotypic system is formed by reaggregation of monodispersed fetal rat lung cells into alveolar-like structures (ALS). The ALS are comprised primarily of type II cells as evidenced by the presence of osmiophilic lamellar bodies in the cells. Biosynthesis of these lamellar bodies occurs de novo and type II cells in the ALS continue to synthesize lamellar bodies. Both systems permit study of a variety of agents of pulmonary surfactant production in vitro.

Cells, Cultured↗