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Biomedical subjects

P J Sandler

Publications and source records attributed to P J Sandler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Orthodontics and occlusion.

The discipline of orthodontics is directed towards alteration of the occlusion of the teeth and the relationships of the jaws. It is therefore somewhat surprising to find that there is little scientific evidence to support any of the concepts that suggest occlusal goals for orthodontic treatment. Most of the current concepts of orthodontic treatment are based upon personal opinion and retrospective studies. Nevertheless, an attempt is made here to provide a guide to the relationship of orthodontics and the occlusion that is evidence based. Where the evidence is weak, these areas have been highlighted.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of 2 modifications of the twin-block appliance in matched Class II samples.

The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal and dental changes contributing to Class II correction with 2 modifications of the Twin-block appliance: Twin-block appliances that use a labial bow (TB1) and Twin-block appliances that incorporate high-pull headgear and torquing spurs on the maxillary central incisors (TB2). After pretreatment equivalence was established, a total of 36 consecutively treated patients with the TB1 modification were compared with 27 patients treated with the TB2 modification. Both samples were treated in the same hospital department and the same technician made all the appliances. The cephalostat, digitizing package, and statistical methods were common to both groups. The results demonstrated that the addition of headgear to the appliance resulted in effective vertical and sagittal control of the maxillary complex and thus maximized the Class II skeletal correction in the TB2 sample. Use of the torquing springs resulted in less retroclination of the maxillary incisors in the TB2 sample when compared with the TB1 sample; however, this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The modified twin block appliance in the treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusions.

Two case reports illustrate the effective treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusion with modifications to the Twin Block appliance. This approach may reduce the total treatment time and reduce the need for extra-oral anchorage. In each of the cases presented treatment has been carried out on a non-extraction basis with full correction of the malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Does orthodontics damage faces?

With the increasing provision of orthodontic care in this country, certain practitioners have raised concerns regarding the use of elective extractions and retraction mechanics, especially the effects on the facial profile and the TMJ. The non-extraction versus extraction debate spans the history of orthodontics, and the concepts of facial attractiveness are subject to change as fashions change. Within the realms of evidence-based practice, there is little or no evidence to suggest that the philosophies and mechanics of contemporary orthodontics, in the vast majority of cases, cause damage to the profile or are directly linked to the development of TMJ dysfunction.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Malocclusion, orthodontics and bullying.

Bullying is endemic among schoolchildren, and the effects can be devastating and long lasting. The persistently bullied child appears to represent a certain psychological type, with poorly developed social skills and a submissive nature. Physical appearance does appear to play a role, which includes facial and dental appearance, although these tend not to be primary factors. Teasing related to dental appearance appears to be particularly hurtful. There is little evidence of a marked increase in self-esteem following orthodontic treatment in children, but in adults following treatment there is an improvement of body concept. The long-term psychological benefits of orthodontic treatment are difficult to measure but there is an increasing awareness of malocclusion with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

For four sixes.

This article reviews the literature on orthodontic treatment involving extraction of first molars and highlights many of the clinical considerations when treating such cases. Case reports illustrate the potential problems and indicate some solutions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Piggyback archwires.

Commonly, clinicians' principal tool in the alignment phase of orthodontic mechanotherapy is the nickel-titanium wire. During the course of orthodontic treatment, however, there are times when some segments of the dental arch require flexible wires, while the rest would benefit from rigid wires. In this report, we describe a technique where both of these needs are satisfied simultaneously. Specifically, a segment of nickel-titanium wire is piggybacked onto a stainless steel wire in regions where flexibility is desired. This method eliminates the problems associated with the activation, de-activation forces created along a continuous archwire and might be more economical. Clinical pictures illustrate the point.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The apically repositioned flap in tooth exposure.

Methods of exposing impacted teeth in order to bring them into the line of the arch include gingivectomy, the apically repositioned flap and closed eruption techniques. These procedures aim to facilitate the eruption of the impacted tooth with a minimum of disruption or damage to the tooth itself or adjacent structures. The aim of this paper is to discuss the various surgical methods of exposing impacted teeth and to help to identify where the use of the apically repositioned flap is indicated. Clinical examples are presented and a surgical method for carrying out this procedure recommended.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

A nasal foreign body detected on routine orthodontic radiographs.

Films used in orthodontics such as lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms provide excellent visualisation of the maxillary sinuses and the nose, and therefore should be routinely examined for pathology and foreign bodies. We report a case of a long-standing asymptomatic nasal foreign body detected on routine orthodontic films.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Case complexity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1998

The effects of Twin Blocks: a prospective controlled study.

This prospective controlled study investigated the net effects of the Twin Block functional appliance taking into account the effects of normal growth in an untreated control group. The treatment group consisted of 36 subjects, mean age of 12.4 years, consecutively treated with Twin Block appliances for an average period of 0.9 years. Each subject had immediate pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. The control group consisted of 27 subjects with a mean age of 12.1 years. These patients were observed for a mean time of 1.2 years and had radiographic investigation at the initial consultation and immediately before the start of Twin Block therapy. The data were then annualized and subjected to multiple regression analysis. In the treatment group, a reduction in ANB of 2.0 degrees (p < 0.001) was observed largely because of an increase in SNB of 1.9 degrees (p < 0.001). No statistically significant restraint in the maxillary growth was observed. Treatment resulted in an increase in Ar-Pog of 5.1 mm (p < 0.001) compared with the control group increase in Ar-Pog of 2.7 mm, resulting in a net gain of 2.4 mm. The overjet was reduced by combination of a net maxillary incisor retroclination of 10.8 degrees (p < 0.001), net mandibular incisor proclination of 7.9 degrees (p < 0.001) and forward movement of the mandible. Buccal segment relationships were corrected by means of lower molar eruption, restraint in the eruption of the upper molars and forward growth or repositioning of the mandible. Any possible fossa adaption was not assessed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Orthodontic fixation of mandibular fracture: a case report.

The present case illustrates a nonsurgical method of fixing a minimally displaced mandibular fracture with use of an easily prepared orthodontic appliance. This method offers several advantages for both the attending staff and the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a modified approach in a patient with a missing lateral incisor.

In conventional surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion, a diastema is opened between the central incisors. A case is presented in which the surgical procedure was modified so that the split of the maxilla occurred in the region of a missing lateral incisor rather than at the midline. This facilitated restoration of the space with a prosthetic tooth almost immediately following surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Dentistry in Poland.

A visit to the Orthodontic Institute in Warsaw was kindly sponsored by American Orthodontics in order to enable a straight wire typodont course to be conducted. The entire orthodontic department turned out for the course, and it proved to be a stimulating and enjoyable few days. This report details the state of orthodontics in Poland and aims to outline various similarities and differences between dental training in Warsaw and in Great Britain, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Dentists↗