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Biomedical subjects

P J Southgate

Publications and source records attributed to P J Southgate.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The binding of soybean agglutinin (SBA) to the intestinal epithelium of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed high levels of soybean meal.

A lectin present in soya, soybean agglutinin (SBA), was identified in electrophoretic profiles and immunoblots of dehulled solvent-extracted soybean meal (DSSM), full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) and of aqueous extracts of feeds incorporating them in their formulation. A quantitative estimation was made of the proportion of SBA comprising the total protein in FFSM and a trial diet was prepared containing an amount of pure SBA similar to that in diets incorporating high levels of the whole soya product. Fish fed with this diet exhibited similar pathological disruption of the intestinal tract to that observed in fish given a diet with a high level of DSSM (60% of the diet). Furthermore, immuno-histochemistry revealed the binding of the SBA to the enterocytes lining the intestinal villi both of fish fed a diet incorporating pure SBA and those fed a diet containing a high-level of soya (60%). Our results suggest that SBA binds in vivo to the intestinal epithelium of fish and has a contributory role in pathological changes associated with fish feeds containing high levels of soybean proteins.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Immunological, physiological and pathological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to increasing dietary concentrations of soybean proteins.

High concentrations of dietary soya were shown to suppress salmonid growth rates and non-specific immune capacity. The immunosuppression became evident at dietary inclusion rates of 60-70% and was coincident with a reduction in weight gains and the appearance of demonstrable pathological changes in the distal intestine. Further increases in soya concentrations to 80-89% caused a progressive decline in specific growth rates and exacerbation of the intestinal pathology. There was no evidence of circulating antibody responses to dietary soybean proteins at any of the rates of inclusion. These observations confirm the findings of other authors that, at concentrations of up to 20-30% inclusion in diets, soybean proteins can provide a partial replacement for fish meal, but at higher concentrations detrimental effects become apparent, not only through reduced weight gains, but also through other physiological and immunological changes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Vets and fish.

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Animals↗
PubMed1980

Metabolism and kinetics of oxaprozin in normal subjects.

Absorption, biotransformation, excretion, and kinetics of oxaprozin (4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazolepropionic acid) were examined in subjects after an oral dose of 14C-oxaprozin alone as well as before, during, and after long-term administration of unlabeled drug. A single dose of 14C-oxaprozin was rapidly absorbed and the unchanged drug was essentially the only labeled substance in plasma. Recovery of radioactivity in excreta, mostly in urine, exceeded 90%. Major biotransformation routes were glucuronidation of the carboxyl group and hydroxylation of the phenyl rings followed by glucuronidation. Administration of unlabeled oxaprozin did not affect the absorption, qualitative, or quantitative metabolite profile, or recovery of 14C-oxaprozin. Following a single dose, the kinetic parameters for 14C and unchanged drug in plasma were nearly the same. A2-compartment model with first-order elimination adequately describes kinetic disposition. The slow clearance (Clp), 0.08 to 0.12 1/hr, was almost entirely due to biotransformation and the plasma half-lifes, which ranged from 49 to 69 hr, reflected the small Clp. The small volume of distribution (VD beta = 8 to 9 1) indicates limited extravascular distribution. Multiple doses of unlabeled drug, especially when given concurrently, increased the Clp of 14C-oxaprozin. This effect is apparently related to decreased binding of high concentrations of oxaprozin to plasma protein. As a result of increased Clp, steady-state levels are only 40% of levels predicted from the single-dose study.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The pharmacokinetics of ciclazindol (Wy 23409) in human volunteers.

1. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ciclazindol, a potential anti-depressant drug, have been studied after oral administration of the compound to male and female volunteers. 2. The mean +/- S.E. mean maximum plasma concentration of the unchanged drug was 422 +/- 31 ng/ml. This level was seen between 2 and 4 h after dosing. 3. Elimination of the ciclazindol from plasma was apparently monexponential with a half-life of approximately 32 h. A large proportion of the drug-related substances in the plasma was unchanged drug. 4. Excretion of radioactivity took place predominantly via the renal route, less than 15% of the dose being recovered in the faeces. The urinary elimination process was apparently monoexponential with a half-life of 28 h. 5. Daily dosing with ciclazindol for 3 weeks did not appear to induce the enzymes of its own metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on the absorption and disposition of meptazinol following rectal administration.

1 Rectal administration of the new analgesic drug, meptazinol, resulted in rapid absorption of the compound both in the monkey and in man. Peak plasma levels were observed within 0.5 h of dosing. 2 Absorption of the drug following rectal administration was extensive as shown by the recovery of 65-90% of the dose in the urine. 3 Despite substantial inter-individual variation in the observed maximum plasma concentrations of the drug, it was still evident that concentrations after rectal dosage were considerably higher than when the same dosage was given orally. 4 Elimination of the drug from plasma took place rapidly in an apparently mono-exponential manner in both species. The half-life of elimination in monkeys was 1.25 h and in man 2.0 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

The pharmacology of ambenoxan (2-(3',6'-dioxaheptyl)-aminomethyl-1:4-benzodioxane), a centrally acting muscle relaxant.

1. The intravenous, subcutaneous and oral toxicity of ambenoxan in mice is reported.2. Ambenoxan is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant shown to be effective in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys without loss of the righting reflex.3. It had no peripheral neuromuscular blocking properties.4. Decerebrate rigidity was depressed or abolished in the rabbit.5. The effects of strychnine, leptazol, or tremorine were not antagonized.6. In common with other depressants of the central nervous system, ambenoxan prolonged the sleeping time of hexobarbitone.7. Ambenoxan had no local anaesthetic properties.8. In the anaesthetized cat the drug lowered the blood pressure and reduced the pressor response to adrenaline but not to noradrenaline.

Anesthesia, Local↗