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Biomedical subjects

P J Turner

Publications and source records attributed to P J Turner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Combined orthodontic and restorative management of a case of bilateral ectopic canines and resorbed central incisors.

A case is reported in which two ectopic maxillary permanent canine teeth bypassed the lateral incisors and caused extensive resorption to both maxillary central incisor teeth. Management involved positioning the canine teeth into the central incisor region and placing porcelain veneers on these teeth. The orthodontic and restorative implications of the treatment are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1995

A compilation of meropenem tissue distribution data.

Meropenem body fluid and tissue concentration data from both published studies and samples obtained during efficacy evaluation have been compiled and presented according to a consistent format to facilitate comparison. The concentration data have been compared with the mode MIC data available for the pathogens isolated during the clinical evaluation of meropenem. These data support the widespread and rapid penetration of meropenem into the interstitial fluid of those tissues not protected by a tight epithelial barrier. Furthermore, they suggest that the proposed dosages of meropenem 500 mg or 1 g tds would provide an adequate duration of cover at tissue sites for the treatment of a range of commonly occurring pathogens. A higher dosage of 40 mg/kg or 2 g in adults given tds would be recommended for meningitis based on the penetration of meropenem into CSF. Overall, the tissue and body fluid data presented confirm the expectation, based on the plasma concentrations and theoretical arguments, that meropenem is rapidly and readily distributed into the interstitial fluid, thereby producing concentrations in tissues likely to be clinically effective. This is consistent with the available clinical data on the therapeutic efficacy of meropenem.

Carbapenems↗
PubMed1995

Laboratory data which differentiate meropenem and imipenem.

Meropenem and imipenem are carbapenems which are distinguishable from all other currently available beta-lactam antibiotics by breadth of antibacterial spectrum and stability to beta-lactamases, but can be differentiated one from another. Meropenem is relatively stable to human renal dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I); it does not require to be co-administered with cilastatin and consequently, unlike imipenem, will be administered as a single agent. In vitro both meropenem and imipenem are active against almost all clinically important aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Differences in potency are seen but few may be of clinical significance: imipenem is more active against enterococci and meropenem is more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Haemophilus influenzae and Proteus, Morganella and Providencia species. The primary target of imipenem is PBP2 in P. aeruginosa whilst meropenem has high affinity for both PBP2 and 3; this may contribute to greater potency against this organism. Laboratory evaluations predict that meropenem will not be seizurogenic, which combined with activity against likely pathogens, identified its potential for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. This has been investigated in a guinea-pig model in which meropenem exhibited potent activity against the common meningeal pathogens and also infections caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae or Listeria monocytogenes. Clinical experience will determine the significance of these differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prone oblique positioning for computed tomographic arthrography of the shoulder.

Computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) of the shoulder is currently the best investigation of the unstable shoulder. 47 patients had CTA in the prone oblique position to assess its ability to demonstrate both anterior and posterior capsular mechanisms simultaneously. The first five patients were also scanned supine oblique to allow direct comparison with the prone oblique position. All studies were reviewed retrospectively by three musculoskeletal radiologists with regard to how well the relevant structures were demonstrated. In the prone oblique position, the anterior capsule was well shown in 98%, anterior labrum 98%, posterior capsule 91%, posterior labrum 89%, subscapularis tendon 98%, biceps tendon 100% and biceps tendon proximal insertion 78%. In 86% of cases both anterior and posterior structures were well seen simultaneously. In the five cases that also had supine imaging the prone oblique images were superior. The cause of poor demonstration of structures was invariably insufficient intraarticular air. It is concluded that the prone oblique is an excellent technique for CTA of the shoulder and should become the standard position for assessing shoulder instability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Training hygienists for an auxiliary role in orthodontics.

This article describes the procedures that dental hygienists may undertake in the United Kingdom at the present time and compares these with the 'expanded duties' function of auxiliary personnel abroad. An 'expanded duties' training programme in orthodontic procedures taught to Canadian Hygienists at Birmingham Dental Hospital is described in detail.

Canada↗
PubMed1993

An evaluation of a hypertext system for computer-assisted learning in orthodontics.

A computer-assisted learning (CAL) package developed for undergraduate teaching in orthodontics is described. The programme makes use of the principle of 'hypertext'. The ability of undergraduates to learn from the programme is evaluated and compared to students taught conventionally. The opinions of the undergraduates who tried the programme are sought and discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

The clinical evaluation of a fluoride-containing orthodontic bonding material.

A clinical trial comparing a conventional adhesive, Concise, with a new fluoride-containing composite cement is described. The bond failure rate, plaque score, gingival health, and enamel decalcification were assessed for each material after a minimum period of 1 year. The preliminary results show no significant difference between the two materials for each of the variables examined, although there was a reduction in the number of white spot lesions using the fluoride-containing composite. The level of fluoride ion concentration required to inhibit the growth of oral micro-organisms is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Use of removable appliances as an adjunct to fixed appliance therapy.

Although a fixed appliance may ultimately be required to correct a malocclusion, the author gives examples of how the use of a removable appliance initially could simplify the treatment. A removable appliance enables the benefits of growth and development that are occurring in young patients to be enlisted in the treatment, and thereby reduces the overall treatment time.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1992

Computer-based learning in orthodontics--a hypertext system.

The computer hypertext system which is described is being used at Birmingham dental hospital to complement the undergraduate training programme in orthodontics. The system is a database of orthodontic information which can be accessed and read in any order. Text screens are linked to numerous graphic images, many of which are interactive. Associated question routines provide a means for student self assessment. The scores from these routines are used to give feedback on student performance and the efficacy of teaching methods. A strength of the programme is the ease of authoring material for inclusion in the database.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1992

Solvent exposure and related work practices amongst apprentice spray painters in automotive body repair workshops.

As part of a multidisciplinary study into the health effects of solvents, workplace assessments and airborne solvent vapour monitoring was conducted in 46 spray painting workshops in the Sydney metropolitan area. Breathing-zone samples were taken from 50 apprentices and 14 experienced spray painters. An interview schedule was developed to obtain information about the use of acrylic or two-pack paint systems, the use of engineering controls, the use of personal protective equipment and the availability of material safety data sheets. Contaminants typical of the chemical products used in this industry were encountered (aromatic hydrocarbons, C5-C7 aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters). The results of airborne solvent monitoring indicate a total solvent exposure in the range 1-99% of a combined Worksafe Australia exposure standard, with a mean of 19%. Solvent exposure was highest when spraying acrylic paint in the open workshop and lowest when spraying two pack paint in a spray booth. Much the same personal protective equipment was available in all workshops, but wide variation in its use was observed. Material safety data sheets were not observed in any of the workshops.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1991

Relations between attachment, gender, and behavior with peers in preschool.

40 4-year-old children and their mothers participated in a study investigating concurrent links between attachment and peer interactions. Security of attachment was assessed in the laboratory from reunion episodes following a 10-min separation. Focal child observations were carried out during indoor free play in preschool. Relations between insecure attachment and peer interactions were different for boys and girls. Insecure boys showed more aggressive, disruptive, assertive, controlling, and attention-seeking behavior than secure children. Insecure girls showed more dependent behavior than secure children but less assertive and controlling behavior, and more positive expressive behavior and compliance. Secure girls and secure boys did not differ significantly. Gender differences in social behavior may be accounted for by a subgroup of children, those classified as insecure, and the same attachment classification may lead to different predictions depending on whether the child is a boy or a girl.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Extra-oral traction.

In orthodontics, the two main uses of extra-oral forces are in distalizing upper teeth and providing anchorage in the treatment of Class I and Class II malocclusions. This article reviews the theoretical principles behind the use of headgear, outlines the types available, and identifies the most appropriate designs for particular clinical situations. Practical guidelines for managing headgear treatment are also given.

Dental Stress Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Functional appliances: a systematic approach.

It can be argued that all functional appliances are basically similar, using a family of common component parts. The components incorporated into a design should be chosen rationally, after consideration of the particular malocclusion to be treated. This article therefore explains functional appliances in terms of their components. It aims to give a greater understanding of the principles involved, and thus aid the practitioner in prescribing the most appropriate design for a particular clinical situation.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1989

In vitro antibacterial activity of SM-7338, a carbapenem antibiotic with stability to dehydropeptidase I.

SM-7338, a new carbapenem antibiotic, was demonstrated to have potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of aerobes, including Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp., members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes in a collection of 1,102 unselected clinical isolates. At a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml, SM-7338 inhibited 90% of these strains. The spectrum of activity of ceftazidime and cefotaxime was more limited, and many of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to these agents, piperacillin, or gentamicin. A collection of ofloxacin-resistant strains was inhibited by SM-7338 or imipenem at 4 micrograms/ml. SM-7338 was more active than metronidazole and clindamycin against anaerobes. Of the carbapenems, imipenem had greater activity against staphylococci but SM-7338 was much more active against Haemophilus, Branhamella, and Neisseria spp. and all genera of Enterobacteriaceae tested. The MIC of SM-7338 for 90% of these strains ranged from less than or equal to 0.008 to 0.13 micrograms/ml. When tested against 124 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SM-7338 inhibited 76% at 0.5 microgram/ml but imipenem inhibited only 15% at this concentration. Both carbapenems exhibited similar activities against Bacteroides spp., but SM-7338 was more active than imipenem against Clostridium spp. The MBC of SM-7338 was most commonly the same as or twice the MIC. SM-7338 and imipenem showed excellent activities against bacteria elaborating chromosome- or plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, including those conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The activity of SM-7338 was generally unaffected by the culture medium used, pH, 25% human serum, and inoculum size, but the susceptibility of Xanthomonas maltophilia was medium dependent.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

Faecal chymotrypsin concentrations in neonates with cystic fibrosis and healthy controls.

Specimens of meconium and random stools were collected sequentially from 25 healthy newborn babies over the first 8-14 days of life. The stool chymotrypsin concentrations increased from birth to a maximum at 4 days of age and then fell again over the next four days. The lowest individual stool concentrations either side of the four day peak were both, coincidentally, 120 micrograms/g stool. In a second group of 22 newborn babies suspected of meconium ileus and later confirmed to have cystic fibrosis, faecal chymotrypsin concentrations were all appreciably reduced. In eight babies, also with suspected meconium ileus but with negative sweat tests, chymotrypsin concentrations were within the healthy newborn range. Measuring faecal chymotrypsin concentrations is a reliable procedure for identifying pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in the newborn.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Worldwide assessment of the activity of cefotetan against clinical isolates.

Data on the antibacterial activity of cefotetan collected since 1985 have been compiled into a computer database and an analysis of results on more than 100,000 clinical isolates presented. The studies were conducted in 285 hospitals located throughout Europe, South Africa, Australia and the USA. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of cefotetan as a broad spectrum agent with significant activity against clinically important aerobes and anaerobes. This is exemplified by the susceptibility to cefotetan of 92% of 14,315 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 99% of 24,103 strains of Escherichia coli and 93% of 1,841 strains of Bacteroides fragilis.

Cefotetan↗
PubMed1987

Albumin solutions--their production and quality control.

Analysis of all clinical reactions (complaints) reported to CSL in the past decade has revealed that "hypotension syndrome" continues to be the predominant side effect of infusion of albumin solutions. Although the incidence of clinical reactions to albumin solutions reported to CSL is approximately 1 in every 20,000 bottles issued, the virtual elimination of PKA from SPPS has not reduced the number of adverse clinical reports received by CSL. It is concluded that factors other than PKA contamination are responsible for hypotensive effects during or after infusion of albumin solutions. Other possible causes of "hypotension syndrome" are discussed.

Humans↗