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Biomedical subjects

P Jönsson

Publications and source records attributed to P Jönsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pulmonary sequestration--a review of 8 cases treated with lobectomy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital malformation where non-functioning lung tissue is separated from the bronchial tree and vascularised with an aberrant artery from the systemic circulation. The aim of this report was to study all patients who were treated for PS at Lund University Hospital between 1994 and 2004, with emphasis on clinical presentation of the disease and evaluate the results of surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 8 cases were identified, 7 females and one male, with a mean age of 7.3 years (range 25 days -17 years) at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of 8 patients, seven presented with respiratory symptoms and two with congestive heart failure. Five patients had other congenitial malformations; including scimitar syndrome and congenital heart disease. All the patients underwent a successful lobectomy. There were no major postoperative complications. At a medium follow-up of 77 months all of the fully treated children were doing well. CONCLUSION: Respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms are the most common symptoms related to PS. The wide range of clinical symptoms may cause diagnostic problems, especially in children and young adults with concomitant congenital heart disease. Therefore PS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with unexplained respiratory symptoms or with signs of congestive heart failure. In patients with PS, lobectomy seems to be a good therapeutic option.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Estrogen replacement in women of fertile years with hypopituitarism.

BACKGROUND: What form of estrogen to prescribe a young hypopituitary woman with gonadal failure remains an open question despite evidence that oral estrogen therapy induces GH resistance and an increase in fat mass. METHODS: Using an international surveillance study of hypopituitary patients, we examined two questions: 1) What estrogen is prescribed to young women of fertile years with hypopituitarism? 2) Is there a difference in body composition or IGF-I levels dependent on the type of estrogen prescribed? RESULTS: Six hundred twenty-eight GH-deficient women, aged 18-50 yr, were identified. Three hundred thirteen had normal gonadal function, and 315 were receiving estrogen therapy; of these 14% were using transdermal estradiol, and 86% were taking an oral estrogen preparation (38% oral estradiol, 18% conjugated estrogens, and 30% ethinyl estradiol in the oral contraceptive). There was no difference in weight, waist/hip ratio, or body composition between the women taking different estrogen therapies. However, if the oral estrogen groups were combined, they showed less change in waist and hip measurement and had a greater waist/hip ratio after 1 yr of GH treatment compared with patients with normal gonadal function (0.85 vs. 0.83; P = 0.022). Patients taking ethinyl estradiol had lower age-adjusted IGF-I sd scores and required almost twice the GH dose to achieve an IGF-I sd score that remained lower than patients with normal gonadal function and patients receiving transdermal estradiol. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The majority of women of fertile years with hypo-pituitarism take oral estrogen replacement therapy. 2) Waist/hip ratio was greater in women taking oral estrogens, and there is indirect evidence that oral estrogens reduce the action of GH on fat mass. 3) Patients using the oral contraceptive had lower IGF-I levels and required twice the GH dose compared with patients receiving transdermal estradiol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Belarussian children relates to urban living rather than radiation dose after the chernobyl accident: a pilot study.

As a result of the Chernobyl accident in 1986, exposure to radioactive cesium is still a concern in the contaminated regions of Belarus. We tested the hypothesis that long-term radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident might increase the urinary excretion of the oxidative stress marker, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in Belarussian children. Urinary 8-OHdG was determined in two groups of children (-n = 31 and n = 46) -living in contaminated and uncontaminated areas of Belarus, respectively (the majority of the unexposed children lived in the capital Minsk). The children from the contaminated areas had a significantly higher annual summary effective dose but significantly lower urinary 8-OHdG levels than the children from the uncontaminated areas. Unexpectedly, children living in uncontaminated urban areas had significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG levels than children living in uncontaminated rural areas. There was no statistically significant effect of sex or body mass index on urinary 8-OHdG, but there was a weak significant inverse correlation to age as well as to the annual summary effective dose. These findings suggest that radiation from the Chernobyl accident is now a less important contributor to oxidative stress in Belarussian children than urban living.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMed2003

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult onset asthma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate further whether occupational exposure to non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces increases the risk of adult onset asthma. METHODS: One hundred and twenty persons with asthma diagnosed by general practitioners, aged 20-65 years, were compared with 446 referents matched for age and gender and living in the same community as the cases. Information about occupation, exposure to specific allergens, smoking habits, dwellings and atopy was obtained from a postal questionnaire. The subjects' occupations were categorised as clean or polluted, based on the judgement of the referents on their respective occupations. RESULTS: Three years or more of work in air-polluted workplaces resulted in an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.7). Stratification of the material on smoking habits, gender or atopy did not alter the results, nor did exclusion of subjects exposed to specific allergens of statistical significance in this material, e.g. flour dust. Smoking per se did not bring any risk of asthma. Working in buildings affected by dampness and mould brought a fourfold significant risk. CONCLUSION: In this study occupational exposure to unspecific air pollution at workplaces was associated with an increased risk of adult-onset asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

High-dose methotrexate: on the relationship of methotrexate elimination time vs renal function and serum methotrexate levels in 1164 courses in 264 Swedish children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

PURPOSE: The objectives of the present study were to determine the relationship between methotrexate (MTX) elimination time and various aspects of renal function and to evaluate the prognostic value of elevated serum MTX and creatinine for delayed MTX elimination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The majority of the 264 children were being treated for ALL. According to the NOPHO-92 protocol, 5 or 8 g MTX/m(2) was administered over 24 h. Serum creatinine was assessed daily. In 11 patients from one centre, renal function was studied in more detail using serum cystatin C, iohexol clearance, and urinary albumin, IgG and protein HC. RESULTS: Increased serum creatinine correlated significantly with the elimination time of MTX, whereas no indications were found of tubular or barrier function damage. Of the 1164 courses, 44 had delayed elimination of MTX (>/=120 h). Serum MTX >150 microM at the end of infusion had a sensitivity of 0.27 and a specificity of 0.94 to predict delayed MTX elimination, and >/=50% increase in serum creatinine during the first treatment day (creatinine ratio) had a sensitivity of 0.32 and a specificity of 0.99. The corresponding risk ratios were 5 and 19 for MTX >150 micro M and creatinine ratio, respectively. In courses with a normal elimination time (<72 h), 99% of the courses had a rise in serum creatinine of less than 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of serum creatinine by more than 50% is a better predictor of delayed elimination than the level of serum MTX at the end of MTX infusion, especially if information on previous creatinine measurements is used to reduce the impact of an occasionally low serum creatinine value before the start of the MTX infusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Capture rates of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, in pheromone traps, with special regard to effects of wind speed.

Males of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr., were marked and released downwind from pheromone traps, baited with 100 micrograms of the sex pheromone (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecyl acetate. Males were released 5 m downwind from one trap, or downwind from five traps, 50 m or 200 m away. The average capture rates after 24 hr were 21.5%, 17.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The capture rate was highest at moderate wind speeds (1-2 m/sec) in the 50 m experiments, whereas it decreased above wind speeds of 1.5 m/sec in the 200 m experiments. With no precipitation and > 13.5 degrees C during overcast, wind speed is presumably the most important climatic factor for N. sertifer males flying upwind to a pheromone source. Travel time, the elapsed time form take-off to landing on the trap, varied considerably, and the shortest recorded travel times were 1, 6 and 45 min for the 5, 50, and 200 m experiments, respectively. The trap efficiency i.e., number of captured males per number of males that landed on the trap, was estimated at 52% in the 5 m experiments. The sampling range after 24 hr was calculated at approximately 400 m by regression analysis. The combination of the males' flight ability during upwind progress and their longevity (12 days), suggests a potentially large seasonal sampling range of the traps used in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Androgyny and creativity: a study of the relationship between a balanced sex-role and creative functioning.

The relationship between creativity and androgyny was studied in 163 women and men with the Creative Functioning Test (CFT) and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). A 2 (femininity: high/low) x 2 (masculinity: high/low) x 2 (sex) ANOVA was conducted on subjects' CFT scores. A significant interaction effect between femininity and masculinity was found showing that subjects high on both femininity and masculinity (androgynous) and low on both scales (undifferentiated) reached higher CFT scores than female-typed and male-typed subjects. Further, a significant three-way interaction including sex of subject indicated that the former two-way interaction was accounted for by men only.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Extracorporeal circulation causes release of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) used during cardiac surgery causes activation of several inflammatory systems. These events are not fully understood but are responsible for complications during the immediate postoperative period. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the expanding lipocalin family, has recently been described as an inflammatory protein. In this study, the release of NGAL into the circulation in 41 patients undergoing heart surgery with ECC was evaluated. A 4- to 5-fold elevation of the concentration of NGAL in plasma was observed during the immediate postoperative course with a rapid elimination during the first postoperative day. Four patients undergoing lung surgery (without ECC) were also studied. The plasma concentration of NGAL only increased with a factor of 1.1-2.2 over the operation. We conclude that NGAL is released into the circulation during heart surgery, probably as a result of the inflammatory activation of leukocytes initiated by the extracorporeal circulation.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1998

Chronic ethanol treatment decreases [3H]epibatidine and [3H]nicotine binding and differentially regulates mRNA levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits expressed in M10 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

For a study of the underlying mechanisms of a possible interaction between ethanol and nicotinic receptors during ethanol dependence, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on nicotinic receptor subtypes in a transfected fibroblast cell line (M10 cells) stably expressing alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor subtype and an SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line expressing alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, and beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits. A significant dose-related decrease (-30-80%) in number of [3H]nicotine binding sites was observed in ethanol-treated (25-240 mM) compared with untreated M10 cells. Similarly, 4-day treatment with ethanol in concentrations relevant to chronic alcoholism (100 mM) decreased the number of nicotinic receptor binding sites in the SH-SY5Y cells when measured using [3H]epibatidine. When M10 cells were chronically treated with nicotine, ethanol partly inhibited the up-regulation of nicotinic receptors when present in the cells together with nicotine. Chronic treatment for 4 days with 100 mM ethanol significantly decreased the mRNA level for the alpha3 nAChR subunit (-39%), while the mRNA levels for the alpha7 (+30%) and alpha4 (+22%) subunits were significantly increased. Chronic ethanol treatment did not affect the mRNA levels for the beta2 nAChR subunit. Changes in the levels of nAChR protein and mRNA may have adaptive significance and be involved in the development of dependence, tolerance, and addiction to chronic ethanol and nicotine exposure. They also may be targets for therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ethanol and nicotine dependence.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy and safety of growth hormone treatment in children with prior craniopharyngioma: an analysis of the Pharmacia and Upjohn International Growth Database (KIGS) from 1988 to 1996.

We studied short- and long-term responses to growth hormone (GH) treatment and adverse medical events (AE) in 488 patients with craniopharyngioma who were entered into the Kabi International Growth Study (KIGS). First-year growth response and responsiveness (n = 394) were similar to those seen in children with idiopathic GH deficiency. The growth response over 5 years (n = 152) was unaffected by the recurrence of tumour and prior tumour management, but was greater in those receiving thyroxine. Mean height standard deviation scores (SDS) at the end of GH treatment (n = 129) was -0.7+/-1.2, and 79% achieved a height over -2 SD of target height, with evidence of further growth potential. Final height SDS correlated positively with height SDS at the start of treatment and with target height SDS, whereas gain in height SDS was inversely correlated with height SDS and bone age at the start of GH treatment. The rate of recurrence of tumour, 0.045/treatment year, was greater in those who had been treated with surgery alone compared to surgery and cranial irradiation. Other AE included headaches, fluid retention and convulsions occurring at rates of 0.025, 0.005 and 0.004/treatment year, respectively. We concluded that GH treatment is safe and effective in children with craniopharyngioma and provide data for counselling of parents about outcome during GH treatment.

Body Height↗
PubMed1996

Extrapancreatic origin of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor as an acute-phase reactant.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the origin of the elevated levels of the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) seen in the bloodstream during an acute-phase reaction. PSTI and cationic trypsinogen levels in pancreatic juice and plasma from five patients were measured over 8 days following subtotal pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure). Cells from a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep G2) and from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (CAPAN-1) were cocultured with endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear white blood cells using a double-chamber technique. Hep G2, CAPAN-1, and mononuclear white blood cells were also cultured as single populations. The median plasma level of PSTI increased from 16.6 micrograms/L at the time of surgery to 155 micrograms/L at the fourth postoperative day. No increase in PSTI levels in pancreatic juice or trypsinogen levels in pancreatic juice and plasma was observed. Culture medium from stimulated hepatocellular carcinoma cells contained significantly elevated levels of PSTI compared with the levels of PSTI from unstimulated cells. Culture medium from pancreatic cancer cells alone contained high levels of PSTI but no difference was observed compared with PSTI levels in medium from stimulated pancreatic cancer cells. The mononuclear white blood cells did not produce PSTI. The results support the view of an extrapancreatic origin of plasma PSTI during the acute-phase reaction and indicate that the liver is the probable source.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1996

Effect of growth hormone treatment in children with craniopharyngioma with reference to the KIGS (Kabi International Growth Study) database.

In children with craniopharyngioma, poor growth commonly precedes diagnosis, but is observed less frequently than neurological or visual symptoms. A deficiency of growth hormone (GH) is common before, and almost universal after, treatment of the tumour, and is usually treated with GH. However, a minority of these children with GH deficiency (GHD) grow well without GH replacement therapy but exhibit other metabolic effects of GHD that are correctable by GH treatment. This article provides a review of studies in 422 children with craniopharyngioma whose details have been entered into the database of KIGS, the Kabi International Growth Study. The response to GH during the first year of therapy was similar to that seen in children with idiopathic GHD (IGHD). Leg length was relatively greater than sitting height and this disproportion was maintained during treatment. Adiposity increased in some children receiving GH treatment. At the end of GH treatment in 82 patients, there was a median gain in height SD score of 1.51, with evidence of residual growth potential still remaining in the majority. Tumour recurrence occurred in 13.5% of the total group of patients with craniopharyngioma within KIGS, at a median of 3.9 years from diagnosis and 2.3 years from the start of GH therapy. Tumour recurrence was not associated with an impairment in height achieved, but there was a tendency towards greater adiposity in patients in whom recurrence occurred. Adverse events during GH treatment were more frequent in children with craniopharyngioma than in those with IGHD, and headache was commonly reported. The results of these studies suggest that GH treatment is recommended for the treatment of children with craniopharyngioma on the grounds of improved growth velocity, adult height and other GH-dependent metabolic functions, and of the good safety profile of GH in these patients.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

High-dose growth hormone treatment of short children born small for gestational age.

The effect of GH administration was evaluated over 2 yr in 50 short, prepubertal, non-GH deficient children born small for gestational age, who had been randomly allocated to a group receiving no treatment or daily sc GH treatment at a dose of 0.2 or 0.3 IU/kg. At the start of the study, mean age was 5.2 yr, bone age was 4.0 yr, height SDS was -3.5, height velocity SDS was -0.8, weight SDS was -2.7, and body mass index SDS was -1.9. Catch-up growth was observed in none of the untreated and all of the treated children. The response to GH treatment included a near doubling of growth velocity and of weight gain and a mean height increment of more than 2 SDS. GH treatment was associated with a distinct acceleration of bone maturation. The differences between the growth responses evoked by the two GH doses were minor. The prepubertal GH-induced catch-up growth was associated with elevated serum concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and osteocalcin, whereas insulin-like growth factor-II levels remained unaltered. GH treatment was well tolerated. In conclusion, high-dose GH administration over 2 yr is emerging as a potential therapy to increase the short stature that results from insufficient catch-up growth in young children born small for gestational age. The long-term impact of this approach remains to be delineated.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1996

Cardiopulmonary bypass causes release of leukocyte proteinase-3.

Activation of leukocytes is an important but not fully understood event during cardiopulmonary bypass. Leukocyte proteinase-3, also known as neutrophil proteinase-4, was analysed in plasma by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. The levels of proteinase-3 increased ninefold after surgery compared with preoperative values. Over the following days, the levels declined but were still elevated on the second postoperative day. The levels of proteinase-3 3 h after heart surgery were correlated to the time on cardiopulmonary bypass. Proteinase-3 is involved in the inflammatory process seen after extracorporeal circulation.

Adult↗