Biomedical subjects

P Jandík

Publications and source records attributed to P Jandík.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Cooperation between a surgeon and an interventional radiologist in cases of internal bleeding].

INTRODUCTION: Internal bleeding still remains a serious condition, which must be urgently diagnosed and treated. In the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové the diagnosis of the internal bleeding source and its consequent treatment is managed under cooperation between a surgeon and an interventional radiologist. A CASE-REVIEW: In the case-review section of this report, a total number of five patients with serious cases of internal bleeding, the source of which was diagnosed and treated under cooperation between the above mentioned specialists is presented. The patients concerned suffered from the following: a trauma to the liver parenchyma, posttraumatic arterioportal shunts, an intraheparic aneurysm, a relaps of the uterine carcinoma with hemorrhaging into the colon and the vagina, bleeding into retroperitoneum. In all the cases the lesion was successfully treated and the hemorrhage was managed. DISCUSSION: Exact location of the bleeding artery during an arteriogragraphic examination is a prerequisite of a successful treatment of the condition. Both, the absorbable materials which allow gradual recanalization of the embolized vessel, and the non-absorbable materials may be used to conduct embolization of the affected vessel. It is necessary to haemodynamically stabilize the patient prior to the procedure. CONCLUSION: In many cases, the cooperation between a surgeon and an interventional radiologist allows for the source of the internal bleeding to be located and managed. It is indicated in certain cases of benign and malignant disorders and in some cases of the parenchymatose organs trauma.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2004

[Secondary malignant tumors of the mammary gland].

The authors present three case-reviews of rare metastatic affections of the female mammary gland by the following disorders--a malignant lymphoma, a Grawitz carcinoma of the kidney and by a malignant melanoma. Histological examinations of the tumors and restrospective examinations of the respective patients anamneses resulted in the primary focus determination in two cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[A contribution to contemporary absolute and relative contraindications for breast conserving surgeries (BCS) in early carcinoma of the breast in the first or second stage].

Absolute and relative contraindications for BCS (Breast Conserving Surgery) are stated according to the EUSOMA (European Society of Mastology). Statement includes the risk factors for local recidive, and unfavourable progress of the illness itself. Stress is put on the health treatment fallowing BCS.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

[A contemporary approach to ductal and lobular carcinoma of the mammary gland in situ].

The statement discusses epidemiology data about DCIS and LCIS, their classification evaluates predictive prognosis factors. Surgical methods are stated, as well as the following health treatment. We present the basic oncology reguirement for the surgical treatment at DCIS, meaning "tumor free margins". DCIS is clinically more serious and significant than LCIS.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

[Mesenchymal extraperitoneal tumors in the elderly].

Incidence rates of solid tumors increase with age in our population. Epithelial tumors are the most frequent tumors of the old age. On the contrary, extraperitoneal mesenchymal tumors are rare. Surgical treatment remains the most important and the most effective therapeutic modality to manage solid tumors. The risk level of the surgical treatment in the elderly is influenced by many factors, which may often be substancially reduced. Therefore, the elderly should not be excluded from curative surgical procedures on their calendary age basis.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[Intraoperative enteroscopy--personal experience from 1995 to 2002].

Authors present their experience with the intraoperative enteroscopy method--an invasive technique of small bowel examination. It is performed under narcosis at an operating theatre (i.e. in co-operation with surgeon and anaesthesiologist). The endoscopy-performing physician becomes one of the members of the operating team. The advantage of the method is the possibility to examine of the whole small intestine and to solve immediately the pathological findings by endoscopic or surgical intervention. The examination is invasive and the correct indication is mandatory. Authors report their results of 18 intraoperative panendoscopies of small intestine.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The peripheral blood leukocyte phenotype in patients with breast cancer: effect of doxorubicin/paclitaxel combination chemotherapy.

Presence of functional immune system is critical for any attempt aimed at improving survival of breast cancer patients by strategies based on immune system manipulation. We evaluated by flow cytometry the phenotype of peripheral blood leukocyte of 43 breast cancer patients. In 11 patients, the phenotype was evaluated before and during the chemotherapy by combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel (AT). Compared with controls breast cancer patients had significantly higher relative and absolute numbers of CD3 HLA-DR+, CD3+CD69+ and CD14+CD16+, and significantly lower percentages of CD3 and CD8+CD28+ cells. After one cycle of AT, the absolute numbers of CD3 , CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD8+CD28+ cells increased significantly. Present data show a presence of T-cell activation in breast cancer patients. Administration of AT may lead to an increase in functional T-cells in peripheral blood, indicating a potential for combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with hyperthermia for treatment of skin metastases of breast carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Incorporation of doxorubicin hydrochloride into pegylated liposomes (PLD) may decrease chemotherapy side effects and increase the activity. Hyperthermia could further potentiate its effectiveness. CASE REPORT: A patient with skin metastases of breast carcinoma was treated with intravenous infusion of PLD (Caelyx) in combination with ultrasound hyperthermia. Each cycle consisted of infusion of 40 mg PLD absolute dose, followed by 2 fractions of hyperthermia 41-43 degrees C for 45 min 1 and 48 h after infusion. A complete remission was observed after the combination treatment with no significant toxicity. CONCLUSION: Present observations suggest that the combination of PLD with hyperthermia of skin metastases of breast carcinoma may be an active and well tolerated treatment.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2000

Differential expression of the Ca2+ binding S100A6 protein in normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic colon mucosa.

The expression of calcium-binding protein S100A6 was investigated in normal colon tissue, in colon adenomas and in colorectal carcinomas. Using an immunoblotting approach we detected four S100A6 variants with Mwt of 10 kDa and pI of 5.05 (isoform I), 5.15 (isoform II), 5.23 (isoform III) and 5.32 (isoform IV) that were differentially expressed in the analysed samples. The quantitative examination of S100A6 variant expression in 25 pairs of colorectal carcinoma and matched control mucosa proved a statistically significant increased abundance of S100A6 isoforms I (P = 0.004) and III (P = 0.025) in malignant tissue, and conversely, an increased level of S100A6 isoform IV in healthy tissue (P = 0.022). The expression of isoforms I and III and the loss of isoform IV were also observed in colon cancer cell lines. In addition, the immunohistochemical study of 16 primary colorectal carcinomas revealed both in the non-paired Student t-test and in the Mann Whitney test the statistically significant accumulation of S100A6 protein (P < 0.001) in the invasive margin of the tumour. The immunohistochemical analysis of S100A6 protein in polyps differing in clinical severity gave a strong staining that was maximal in dysplastic lesions. Thus, our results indicate a possible, statistically significant correlation (non-paired Student t-test P = 0.036) between S100A6 expression and colon carcinoma progression.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1999

Protein abundance alterations in matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma.

Our current results, aimed at the detection of protein abundance alterations that could be associated with the process of colon tumorigenesis, are summarized. The matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma were examined by a one- or two-dimensional electrophoretic approach and proteins were identified using immunoblotting or mass spectrometry. The following results were observed: The levels of liver fatty acid-binding protein, actin-binding protein/smooth muscle protein 22-alpha and cyclooxygenase 2 were downregulated in colorectal carcinoma compared to normal colon mucosa. Conversely, the expression of a novel variant of heat shock protein70 and several members of the S100 protein family of calcium-binding proteins (two isoforms of S100A9, S100A8, S100A11 and S100A6) were upregulated in transformed colon mucosa. Despite the variations of the levels of expression of given protein among analyzed samples, all quantitative changes were found to be statistically significant (Mann-Whitney test assuming p < or = 0.05). We conclude that the proteomic approach is useful for the study of complex biological events underlying the process of colorectal tumorigenesis.

Colon↗

PubMed1999

A relationship between K-ras gene mutations and some clinical and histologic variables in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma.

Mutations in the Kirsten ras 2 (K-ras) gene were described as early events in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to find a possible relationship between the presence of K-ras mutation in samples of primary colorectal carcinomas and the clinico-pathological data of the investigated patients. Mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras gene was determined in 18 of 53 colorectal carcinomas (34%) in our group of patients. The presence of K-ras gene mutations was not related to gender, age of subject at diagnosis, staging or cancer location (p > 0.05). Sixteen of the 42 (38%) moderately differentiated carcinomas, and two of the eight (25%) well differentiated carcinomas contained K-ras mutation in codon 12, but none of the three poorly differentiated carcinomas contained the mutation. Moderately differentiated tumours contained an aspartate code GAT (in eight cases), a valine code GTT (in six cases), an alanine code GCT (in one case) and a serine code AGT (in one case) in codon 12. Well differentiated tumours contained only the valine code GTT (two cases). Our results show that the frequency of mutations in the K-ras gene in carcinomas in Central Europe is not different from the frequencies found in other parts of the world. The homogeneous incidence of K-ras mutation does not seem to be related to ethnic factors, dietary habits, or the composition of the diet.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Aberrant mammae, personal experience].

The authors present information of a group of 63 patients (60 women and 3 men) treated in 1976-1998 where supernumerous aberrant or accessory mammary gland tissue was found. The diagnosis in the majority of the patients was based on histological examination. The tissue of an aberrant mammary gland is subject to the same physiological influences as the mamma proper and can be affected by the same pathological processes--benign and malignant. This is the reason why the authors recommend early extirpation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Overexpression of calcium-binding protein calgranulin B in colonic mucosal diseases.

Subtractive two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) has been used for the study of the protein patterns of the normal colonic mucosa and the specimens collected from patients diagnosed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colonic polyps and colorectal cancer. We found a 13 kDa protein that was detected in five of seven adenomas and in 13 of 15 colorectal carcinomas while it was absent or only slightly expressed in normal colonic mucosa. Furthermore, this protein occurred in all specimens collected from patients suffering from IBD and its quantity reflected the increased severity of inflammation. The combination of microsequencing and mass spectrometry led to the identification of the 13 kDa spot as calgranulin B. Our results indicate that the production of calgranulin B is unregulated in inflammatory, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of colonic mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Activation of the immune system in colorectal carcinoma and its assessment].

The immune system of the patients with colorectal cancer is activated. Urinary neopterin is an index of this systemic immune activation, reflecting the circulating activity of interferon-gamma. We have measured urinary neopterin excretion in 34 patients with colorectal cancer. This excretion was significantly higher in our patients compared to reference group (325 +/- 267 vs 169 +/- 62 mumol/mol creatinine, neopterin concentrations were considerably higher in Dukes' stage D disease compared with Dukes' stage B and C disease/561 +/- 372 vs 188 +/- 47 and 250 +/- 142 mu/mol creatinine. Increased neopterin detected the presence of metastatic disease with 90% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Authors conclude that urinary neopterin measurement may be useful in the staging of colorectal cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1995

Increased urinary zinc excretion in cancer patients is linked to immune activation and renal tubular cell dysfunction.

Urinary zinc excretion is known to be increased in cancer patients, but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon remains uncertain. Both skeletal muscle catabolism and renal tubular cell dysfunction have been proposed to explain this observation. We have investigated urinary zinc and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), an indicator of renal tubular cell dysfunction, as well as serum neopterin, an index of systemic immune activation, in 22 patients with cancer and seven controls. Both serum neopterin and urinary zinc were significantly elevated in cancer patients (15.8 +/- 12.7 versus 7.3 +/- 2.3 nmol l-1 and 1.77 +/- 0.80 versus 1.21 +/- 0.41 mmol mol-1 creatinine, P < 0.02 and P < 0.05, respectively), while NAG was similar in cancer patients and the controls (13.58 +/- 13.80 versus 13.68 +/- 12.19 mu kat mol-1 creatinine). A significant correlation was observed between serum neopterin and urine zinc (rs = 0.5119, P < 0.02), serum neopterin and urine NAG (rs = 0.6761, P < 0.002), and urinary zinc and NAG (rs = 0.6348, P < 0.002). In conclusion, the present data indicate a link between urinary zinc excretion and immune activation as well as renal tubular cell dysfunction. In addition, renal tubular cell dysfunction appears to be linked to immune activation.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed1995

Association between renal tubular cell dysfunction and increased urinary zinc excretion in cancer patients.

Although an increase in renal zinc excretion in cancer patients is well documented, the mechanisms involved are still disputed. As recent studies have raised the question of the role of renal tubular cell dysfunction in the elevation of urinary zinc output, we have examined urinary zinc excretion and the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), an indicator of tubular cell dysfunction, in 30 patients with cancer, 28 healthy controls and 20 patients with benign non-inflammatory disorders. As expected, urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the cancer patients compared with controls and patients with benign disorders (2.64 +/- 3.05 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.36 and 0.89 +/- 0.29 mmol mol creatinine-1, p < 0.001). NAG activity was also elevated (18.9 +/- 20.1 vs. 4.32 +/- 3.33 and 9.99 +/- 9.72 mukat mol creatinine-1, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A significant correlation between urine zinc and NAG was observed in all three groups (rho = 0.73, p < 0.001, rho = 0.55, p < 0.01 and rho = 0.45, p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our data provide additional support for the role of renal tubular cell dysfunction in hyperzincuria in cancer. Urinary zinc measurement may represent an alternative approach to detecting renal tubular dysfunction in human pathology.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed1994

Increased urinary zinc and copper excretion in colorectal cancer.

Although several studies have described an increase in urinary zinc output in cancer patients, little attention has been paid to the excretion of copper. In this study, we investigated urinary excretion of zinc and copper, and serum levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, in 22 patients with colorectal cancer. Urinary excretion of copper and zinc were significantly increased compared to the reference group (77 +/- 72 vs. 32 +/- 14 mumol/mol creatinine, P < 0.05, and 1.50 +/- 0.62 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.41, P < 0.002, respectively). In addition, a negative correlation was observed between urinary copper and serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (rs = -0.5256, P < 0.02). In conclusion, urinary excretion of copper, as well as that of zinc, appears to be elevated in colorectal cancer. The finding of a negative correlation between urinary copper and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein supports the postulated role of the latter in regulating renal glomerular permselectivity.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Two-dimensional electrophoretic study of normal colon mucosa and colorectal cancer.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been used to analyze polypeptide composition of specimens of human normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinomas. Immobilized pH gradient in the first dimension improved the separation and enabled us to analyze proteins from whole tissue samples with high reproducibility. Polypeptides were separated within sigmoidal 3.5-10 pH gradient and range of mol. weight 15-200 KD. In global, protein patterns of normal and malignant tissue seemed to be close to each other. We attempted to combine two-dimensional electrophoretic separation with the immunoblotting technique using patient sera to identify possible tumor antigens. From a wealth of spots on silver stained protein maps of adjacent normal colon mucosa or tumor tissue, only few spots gave positive reaction. These spots might be classified into two groups: 1) common for normal colon mucosa and tumor, 2) specific for tumor tissue. The extent of patient's antibody reaction with antigens appeared to correspond to urinary neopterin level, an index of immune activation.

Adenocarcinoma↗