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Biomedical subjects

P Jansson

Publications and source records attributed to P Jansson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O9 containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galacturonic acid.

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated by mild-acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O9 and studied by carboxyl reduction, sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation, and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, and H-detected 1H,(13)C HMQC experiments. The following structure of the pentasaccharide-repeating unit of the OPS was established:

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2001

[Rapid recovery after colonic resection. Multimodal rehabilitation by means of Kehlet's method practiced in Vasteras].

UNLABELLED: By using a multimodal rehabilitation program professor Kehlet has shown accelerated recovery after colonic surgery with hospital stay of only two days, irrespective of open or laparoscopic technique. These results have not been confirmed in other studies. The aim of this study was to replace our traditional approach with Kehlet's multimodal regimen and try to reproduce his reported data. METHODS: 22 patients (median age 67 years) underwent right- or leftsided colectomies, 15 open (7 with midline incisions) and 7 laparoscopically. Continuous thoracic epidural, immediate mobilization and oral nutrition were used. Discharge was planned three days after surgery. On the first postoperative day all had oral intake and on the third day patients were mobilized for a median of 9.7 hours and all had resumed defecation. Pain and fatigue scores (VAS) were low. The median post-operative hospital stay was 3.5 (range 3-8) days. Two patients returned with complications. No cardiopulmonary or infectious complications were seen. The multimodal rehabilitation programme resulted in a quick recovery and a hospital stay of three days in most patients after colonic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A tomographic method for experimental verification of the integrity of spent nuclear fuel

A tomographic method for verification of the integrity of spent nuclear fuel assemblies has been developed. The gamma radiation field emanating from emitted radiation from within the assembly is recorded and utilised for reconstructing the internal source distribution. Simulations of an experimental procedure have indicated the ability of detecting the absence of fuel rods with high confidence. The method has been verified experimentally, both for a fuel model in laboratory environment and for spent fuel in a fuel handling pool.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Prolonged airway activity and improved selectivity of budesonide possibly due to esterification.

We addressed the question of whether the prolonged local retention of the glucocorticoid (GC) budesonide (BUD) within airway tissue, due to reversible fatty acid esterification, is associated with protracted topical anti-inflammatory activity and improved airway selectivity, when compared with fluticasone propionate (FP). BUD or FP at 25 nmol/kg was administered intratracheally or subcutaneously to adrenalectomized rats, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheal instillation. The trachea and main bronchi were lavaged 6 h after LPS, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration and cell number in the lavage fluid were measured. Instilled 1 h before LPS, both GCs reduced TNF-alpha by 70% (p < 0.05) and mononuclear cells by 55% (p < 0.01), with no reduction in neutrophils. Instilled 6 h before LPS, a significant reduction of TNF-alpha (59%, p < 0.02) and mononuclear cells (47%, p < 0.05) was achieved only with BUD. After subcutaneous administration, no significant effects were observed. BUD did not exert higher systemic activity than FP, measured as plasma corticosterone suppression. In conclusion, BUD exerted a more prolonged topical anti-inflammatory activity, and a higher airway selectivity than FP, possibly because of its reversible fatty acid esterification within airway tissue. This may contribute to the high efficacy and safety of BUD in asthma, even with once-daily inhalation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Neuroendocrine responses to single oral doses of remoxipride and sulpiride in healthy female and male volunteers.

Six female and six male healthy volunteers received 100 mg remoxipride, 200 mg sulpiride and placebo as single oral doses in a double blind trial with a randomized crossover design. The main objective was to compare the effect of the two drugs on serum prolactin levels, but effects on other hormones were also investigated. Remoxipride and sulpiride increased the serum levels of prolactin to similar peak levels. This effect was larger in female than in male subjects. Sulpiride increased prolactin levels at much lower plasma concentrations than remoxipride, and sulpiride's effect on prolactin lasted for considerably longer than remoxipride's. No consistent effects on serum levels of LH, FSH, GH, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone or cortisol could be detected after remoxipride and sulpiride compared to placebo. No drug-related effects on plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Preoperative intrauterine irradiation of endometrial carcinoma stage I. A clinical and radiographic evaluation of the bulb technique.

In a series of 146 cases of endometrial carcinoma stage I an afterloading technique using high dose-rate cobalt-60 sources has been evaluated for preoperative intracavitary irradiation. The uterine cavities were visualized by hysterograms and the target volumes were calculated. Absorbed doses were estimated at the surface of the target volume and within the uterine cavity. Surgery was performed six weeks after radiotherapy and the operative specimens were examined by a whole-organ sectioning technique. The frequency of residual carcinoma was assessed in relation to reference doses, minimum doses in the target and the position of the treatment catheter. The dose per fraction at the reference point, the minimum absorbed dose at the anterior surface of the target, the anterior-posterior diameter of the target volume and the position of the treatment catheter within the uterine cavity were found to be significant for tumor eradication. The irradiation technique and the histopathologic findings with reference to the operative specimen were significant for the rate of vaginal metastases but not for tumor recurrences at other sites. Radiation reactions involving the urogenital organs were few (4.8%). The most serious radiation reaction was obstruction of the small bowel (5.5%). The absorbed dose per fraction was the most important single risk factor for this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of remoxipride controlled release and immediate release capsules in schizophrenic patients.

Single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of remoxipride, a new antipsychotic drug, were compared after administration of a controlled release capsule (CR) and an immediate release capsule (IR), both 200 mg and administered b.i.d. Thirteen patients with chronic schizophrenia entered the double-blind 6-week crossover study. Seven were evaluable for investigation of steady-state pharmacokinetics. Fluctuations in plasma remoxipride concentrations decreased considerably after remoxipride CR compared with the IR formulation. The plasma peak concentrations were significantly decreased and the trough values were increased after the CR formulation, although the average concentrations at steady-state were similar. The two formulations were bioequivalent regarding the amount of remoxipride absorbed after repeated dosing. Five out of 13 patients withdrew prematurely from the study because of ineffectiveness or refusal of treatment. Both formulations were well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An open label trial of raclopride in acute schizophrenia. Confirmation of D2-dopamine receptor occupancy by PET.

Raclopride, a highly selective D2-dopamine receptor antagonist, was administered in doses up to 4 mg b.i.d. to ten schizophrenic patients in an open label non-comparative study lasting 4 weeks. Safety, tolerability, potential antipsychotic effect, prolactin response and drug effect on plasma homovanillic acid were evaluated. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy was determined by positron emission tomography (PET). No major deviations were found in biochemical and physiological safety parameters. Raclopride was well tolerated. The mean BPRS score was reduced by 55% at endpoint. In the global evaluation seven patients were "very much" or "much" improved. Extrapyramidal side effects were recorded in four patients and disappeared after dose reduction or single doses of biperiden. An increase in plasma prolactin of short duration was observed in both sexes. A significant decrease of plasma HVA was obtained after 4 weeks of treatment. In two of the patients the central D2-dopamine receptors occupancy was measured using PET. The receptor occupancy was 68 and 72% which is the same as that found in patients treated with conventional neuroleptics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind comparison of alaproclate and placebo in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.

A double-blind parallel comparison of alaproclate and placebo was carried out in patients suffering from senile dementia of primary degenerative type, or multiinfarction dementia. Both groups consisted of 20 patients each, valid for efficacy evaluation. The patients received either alaproclate 200 mg twice daily or placebo according to a randomized procedure. The study started with a placebo washout period of 2 weeks followed by a 4-week period of active treatment or placebo and a finishing 2-week placebo washout period. The efficacy was evaluated with a dementia rating scale by Gottfries, Bråne and Steen (GBS), selected items from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), a rating scale for dementia adapted for nurses, and by clinical global evaluations. No difference in efficacy between the two treatments was observed with the exception of the intellectual factor of the GBS scale, where a statistically significant improvement was detected in the alaproclate group compared with the placebo group. There were no serious adverse symptoms.

Aged↗