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P Jarosz-Chobot

Publications and source records attributed to P Jarosz-Chobot.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Polymorphism of TNF-alpha (308 A/G), IL-10 (1082 A/G, 819 C/T 592 A/C), IL-6 (174 G/C), and IFN-gamma (874 A/T); genetically conditioned cytokine synthesis level in children with diabetes type 1].

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is a genetically conditioned autoimmune disease. Genes that account for strong clustering of the disease susceptibility are located within the HLA region. There is also considerable individual variation in the immune response and role of cytokine genes in the disease predisposition. AIM: The aim of our research was identification of the genetically controlled TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-gamma secretion profile in children with diabetes type 1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have examined 36 children with diabetes type 1 and 36 healthy individuals. DNA was extracted from mononuclear peripheral blood cells. For identification of the cytokine polymorphism PCR-SSP method was used. RESULTS: Patients with diabetes type 1 differ from the group of healthy persons in the cytokine synthesis level and in the cytokine genotypes distribution. Genotype TNF-alpha (A/G) as well as IL-10 (ATA/ATA) was found only in group of children with diabetes but not in the control group. Genotypes IL-10 (GCC/GCC), IL-6 (C/C), IFN-gamma (T/T) were observed with decreased frequency in children with diabetes type 1. No differences between patients and control group in the frequency of IL-10 (GCC/ACC) (GCC/ATA), (ACC/ACC) (ACC/ATA) IL-6 (G/G), (G/C) and IFN-gamma (T/A), (A/A) genotypes were observed. Children with diabetes type 1 were more frequent "high producers" of TNF-alpha and IL-6. CONCLUSION: It is possible to us molecular method to estimate the genetically controlled immune reactivity. It is a very important immunogenetic factor of the disease predisposition.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2001

Contralateral suppression of TEOAE in diabetic children. Effects of 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz pure tone stimulation--preliminary study.

The medial efferent system and its regulating outer hair cell function have not been previously studied in diabetic children. In this study, the group comprised 32 diabetic children, aged 6.0-16.0 years, with diabetes lasting 2.0-9.0 years, with normal tonal and impedance audiometry. A control group consisted of 30 healthy children with similar age and sex distribution. Contralateral stimulation (CS) was performed using 1.0 and 2.0 kHz pure tones on the level of 30 and 50 dB SL. Effects of CS on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) elicited by click of a level equal to 70 and 60 dB SPL were investigated. Analysis included assessment of TEOAE amplitude and 0.8 kHz frequency bandwidth (0.8-FBW) amplitudes (signal/noise) centred at 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 kHz. TEOAE-RA recorded for stimulus 80, 70 and 60 dB SPL without CS were decreasing: average values respectively 7.3, 4.7 and 3.9 dB SPL. In the group of diabetic children TEOAE amplitudes, recorded for different click levels without CS, were similar to these recorded in healthy children. It suggested that normal function of the cochlea was preserved, mostly outer hair cells. However, the obtained effects of CS, in comparison with healthy children, were weaker and not so regular. Statistical analysis revealed that the reduction of TEOAE amplitudes for adequate 0.8-FBW in the control group was significantly higher, for both 1.0 kHz and 2.0 kHz CPTs of 30 dB SL and 50dB SL, in comparison with diabetic children. It is concluded that the suppressive effect on OAE in diabetic children is rather weak and seems to be associated with pathological changes in medial olivo-cochlear myelinated fibres.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Lipid metabolism. I. Role of insulin in lipid metabolism].

The triacylglyceroles that comprise the bulk of lipids in the diet are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids, monoacylglyceroles and glycerol in the intestinal tract. During absorption through the intestinal tract mucosa, triacylglyceroles are resynthesized from free fatty acids, and glycerol-3-phosphate is formed in the intestinal mucose. these globules, called chylomicrons, pass through the liver and adipose tissue, they are reduced in size by an enzyme, lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In the postabsorptive period, free fatty acids and glycerol are released from adipocytes by neural and hormonal stimulation. The free fatty acids can be burned by almost all tissues of the body except the brain. They are burned in the mitochondria by a process of b-oxidation to acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citrate acid cycle for conversion to CO2, adenosine triphosphate, and water. When excessive quantities of glucose are ingested, the glucose can be converted to a storage form, triacylglycerol. Fatty acids are synthesized by a series of reactions in which acetyl-CoA and malonylo-CoA residues sequentially condense until the fatty acid chain is completed. The fatty acids are then combined with glycerol-3-phosphate, generated in the liver, to form the neutral triacylglyceroles. The insulin has effects on both the synthetic (estrification) and breakdown (lipolysis) pathways. The promotion of triacylglycerol storage in fat is one of the most important of the actions of insulin.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2001

[Glucose homeostasis in children. I. Regulation of blood glucose].

The amount of glucose in the circulation depends on its absorption from the intestine, uptake by and release from the liver and uptake by peripheral tissues. Insulin and glucagon together control the metabolities required by peripheral tissues and both are involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Insulin is considered to be an anabolic hormone in that it promotes the synthesis of protein, lipid and glycogen. The key target tissues for insulin are liver, muscles and adipose tissue. Glucagon acts largely to increase catabolic processes. Between meals or during fast, the most tightly regulated process is the release of glucose from the liver. During fasting glucose is produced from glycogen and is formed by enzymes on the gluconeogenic pathway. Fetal metabolism is directed to ensure anabolism with formation of glycogen, fat and protein. Glucogen is stored in the liver and serves as the immediate source of new glucose during first few hours after birth. Glucose is the most important substrate for brain metabolism. Due to the large size of neonatal brain in relation to body weight cerebral glucose consumption is particularly high. Postnatal hormonal changes have a central role in regulating glucose mobilization through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The initial glucagon surge is the key adaptive change which triggers the switch to glucose production. The control of insulin and glucagon secretion is of fundamental importance during first hours after birth. Children have a decreased tolerance to starvation when compared with adults, they are more prone to develop hypoglycaemia after short fasting. The faster rate in the fall of blood glucose and gluconeogenic substrates and rapid rate of ketogenesis are characteristic features of fasting adaptation in children.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

[Insulin effect on metabolism in skeletal muscles and the role of muscles in regulation of glucose homeostasis].

Insulin enhances glucose disposal, storage and oxidation in muscles. It control the metabolites required in the muscle and is involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Insulin is considered to be an anabolic hormone in that it promotes the synthesis of protein and glycogen and it inhibits the degradation of these compounds in muscle tissue. Glucose normally provides energy sources for tissues of the body, its uptake by muscle requires a secretion of insulin. The initial step of glucose utilization requires the transport of glucose into the cells. The transport across certain cell membranes such as muscle is regulated by insulin. The insulin-receptor complex stimulates the cellular uptake of glucose. Insulin stimulates the uptake of amino acids into cells and simulates protein synthesis in muscle tissue. With insulin deficiency, amino acids are mobilized from muscle and transported to the liver. Physiological increase in insulin suppresses lypolysis in skeletal muscle but in supra-physiological increases this suppression of intramuscular lypolysis is inadequate, resulting in increased availability of nonestrified fatty acids which can represent a potential mechanism involved in insulin resistance in muscle. Patients with diabetes mellitus are characterized by insulin deficiency (type 1) or peripheral insulin resistance (type 2) demonstrated by decreased insulin action on glucose utilization in muscle. Muscle tissue has been considered to be a major regulator of systemic glucose homeostasis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

[Overweight - problem in pediatric patients. Part II. Weight gain in insulin treatment of adolescent diabetic girls].

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially diabetic pubertal girls, have been found to be more prone to high body mass index than their non-diabetic peers. It is an important problem because it has been associated with risk of cardiovascular complications and other. The study was performed in 93 diabetic girls aged from 14 to 18 years, duration of diabetes varied from 6.4 to 7.7 years. The control group consisted of 75 non diabetic girls matched for age. Girls with type 1 diabetes are more overweight than their peers. In the non diabetic subjects BMI was 20.60+/-0.24 kg/m2, in the diabetic girls BMI was significantly higher, mean 22.70+/-0.23 kg/m2, which indicates a need of more effective prevention of obesity in diabetic children and adolescents, especially in pubertal girls.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

[Diabetes mellitus in newborns and infants--differences and similarities based on observation of 2 cases].

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus occurs rarely in the early childhood. Recently, the number of reports about diabetes mellitus has increased in the youngest children. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of diabetes mellitus in infants, particularly difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment, based on 2 own cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two case reports are shown with their clinical pictures and laboratory analysis. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in the age of 4 months (case 1) and in the age of 5 weeks (case 2). RESULTS: Genetic (DRB1*03; DRB1*04) and immunologic examination (IAA, anti-GAD) were positive in case 1 and negative in case 2. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded different etiology of diabetes mellitus in infants. Report of case 1 shows autoimmune type I diabetes mellitus and report of case 2 suggests diabetes mellitus induced by inefficient pancreas damaged during the pathologic pregnancy.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

[The role of physical training in the treatment of diabetes].

There is good evidence that physical training can lead to improved metabolic control of diabetic patients. The use of physical activity in addition to insulin and/or oral antidiabetic agents and diet is strongly recommended in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1999

[The role of gastrointestinal tract peptides in control glucose homeostasis].

Hormones of the gastrointestinal tract are difficult to study because they are not produced by discrete groups of cells organized into glands. Instead, they are released from single cells scattered along the digestive tract. Furthermore, as several of these peptides are found both in specific endocrine cells and in neurons and their nerve terminals it is difficult to establish which effects are dependent on peptide release from nerve terminals and which represent endocrine activity. The gastrointestinal peptides act locally on various organs and processes within the gastrointestinal system. There is a correlation between carbohydrate absorption, plasma concentration of glucose and release of gastrointestinal tract hormones.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1998

[Use of pre-mixed insulins in diabetes treatment of young patients].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to analyse the administration of pre-mixed insulins in the young. We studied 46 type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects aged from 2.5 to 9 years with diabetes duration from 1 to 10 years in a period of 3 years. 19 patients were treated with Novo Nordisk insulins and 27 patients with Lilly pre-mixed insulins during 10-38 months. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest using pre-mixed insulins in diabetes of the young in: 1. A group of small children, where we resign from strict glycaemic control because of the risk of hypoglycaemia; 2. Patients with small insulin requirement and stabile diabetes, including diabetics in partial remission; 3. Patients who do not cooperate with diabetic team.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1996

[Hypoglycemia--a problem in insulin therapy?].

Hypoglycaemia is one of the most severe complications of insulin treatment. Iatrogenic hypoglycaemia causes recurrent physical morbidity and some mortality as well as recurrent physical morbidity and some mortality as well as recurrent or persistent psychological disturbances in patients with insulin treatment diabetes. On the basis of the literature data a survey is given of this problem.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1987

[Fever in children].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-care of young diabetics in practice.

UNLABELLED: To determine whether young diabetics follow the most important rules of diabetes educational programs as remembering to carry 'soluble sugars' and insulin shots in their daily life, the analysis using 263 simple and anonymous questionnaires was performed. The study involved 183 IDDM children from Kansas-USA (76 boys, 107 girls) and 80 IDDM children from Silesia, Poland (36 boys, 44 girls) of mean age 12.95 +/- 2.65, mean IDDM duration 4.77 +/- 3.15 years, mean HbA1c 8.53 +/- 1.93%. We found: (1) 79.85% of all IDDM children carry something to treat or prevent hypoglycemia, more girls than boys, and more American than Polish ones (p < 0.01). (2) Only 59.92% of IDDM children carry 'soluble sugars' (no statistically significant differences between sexes and nationalities). (3) No correlation between carrying 'sugars' and age, metabolic control, number of glycemia measurements, forgetting insulin injections and kind of insulin therapy. (4) Duration of diabetes was not correlated with carrying 'sugars' whereas it was correlated with carrying 'other food' (p < 0.05). (5) 53.4% of children never forget insulin injections (p < 0.01). (6) Forgetting insulin shots was correlated with IDDM duration in boys group, with increasing level of HbA1c and with smaller number of glycemia measurements in all children groups, with the intensive insulin therapy in girls and Polish groups (p < 0.01 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS: 1). Diabetic children quite often carry nothing or 'non-soluble sugars' with themselves to treat hypoglycemia. 2). Diabetic children more often forget to shoot insulin injections than to 'carry sugars'. 3). Children with a longer duration of diabetes more often forget their insulin injections. 4). Older girls with longer duration of IDDM demonstrating worse metabolic control check their glycemia less frequently and more often forget the insulin injections.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased trend of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children's population (0-14 years) in Upper Silesia region (Poland).

UNLABELLED: THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY was to provide current and reliable information about trends in the incidence rates of Type 1 Diabetes in the Upper Silesia region in children aged 0-15 years in the period of 9 years. RESULTS: Incidence ratio in the examined population increased from 4.71 in 1989 up to 10.16/100,000/year in 1997. In the analysed group no significant statistical differences dependent on sex were found. During the examined period, the incidence ratio has increased significantly. It was observed that the extent of change varied in different age groups. The youngest children (0-4 years old) showed the greatest increase of the incidence ratio from 1.09/10(5) in 1989 up to 6.75/10(5) in 1997. The highest incidence ratio was observed in the group of 10-14 year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: In the examined period dramatic increase (more than 200%) of the incidence ratio of type 1 diabetes was reported in the children's population (0-14 year-olds) in Upper Silesia. The fastest increase in this ratio was established in the group of youngest children (0-4 years old).

Adolescent↗