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Biomedical subjects

P Jatlow

Publications and source records attributed to P Jatlow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intravenous cocaine challenges during desipramine maintenance.

Intravenous challenges with placebo and cocaine doses ranging from 0.125 to 0.5 mg/kg were administered to five subjects using a within subjects design during placebo and active desipramine (DMI) maintenance at a fixed dose of 150 mg daily for at least 10 days. The "high" reported after cocaine infusion was not altered by DMI, but "desire for cocaine" after a single dose was attenuated. Together with the results of clinical trials of DMI for cocaine abuse, these laboratory results suggest that DMI may reduce cocaine craving both during and between cocaine binges. Physiologically, baseline heart rate was higher on DMI, but the incremental heart rate response to cocaine was attenuated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cocaethylene: a neuropharmacologically active metabolite associated with concurrent cocaine-ethanol ingestion.

High concentrations of cocaethylene (EC), the ethyl ester of benzoylecgonine, were measured in the blood of individuals who had concurrently used cocaine and ethanol. Since the powerful reinforcing effects of cocaine appear to be dependent on inhibition of dopamine reuptake in brain, we compared the effects of EC on the dopamine uptake system and its behavioral effects with those of cocaine. EC was equipotent to cocaine with respect to inhibition of binding of [3H]GBR 12935 to the dopamine reuptake complex, inhibition of [3H]dopamine uptake into synaptosomes and in its ability to increase extracellular dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens following its systemic administration to rats. Moreover, in rats, EC and cocaine each increased locomotor activity and rearing to the same extent following i.p. administration. In self-administration studies in primates, EC was approximately equipotent to cocaine in maintaining responding. The in vivo formation of this active, transesterified ethyl homolog of cocaine may contribute to the effects and consequences of combined cocaine and ethanol abuse.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Growth hormone and prolactin response to methylphenidate in children with attention deficit disorder.

Utilizing a double-blind, drug-placebo design, we examined growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Pro) response to oral administration of methylphenidate (MPH) in 14 boys (ages 7.0-12.4 years) with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Four conditions representing three different MPH doses (0.3 mg/kg O.D., 0.3 mg/kg B.I.D., 0.6 mg/kg O.D.) and Placebo were compared in each subject, each condition lasting for a period of 3 weeks. GH and Pro response were measured both as maximum peak GH (DGH) or nadir of Pro (DPro) as well as area under the curve for the first four hours after MPH administration (AUCGH, AUCPro). Behavioral measures included parent ratings on the Yale Children's Inventory and teacher ratings on the Yale and Conners Behavior Rating Scales and Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). Prolactin response as measured by AUCPro was significantly increased after MPH compared to placebo (t = 2.04, p less than 0.05, placebo vs all doses MPH). This difference observed for AUCPro between placebo and MPH was evident as well when we considered the number of times AUCPro declined after MPH as compared to placebo (p = .018, Fisher's exact test). Within-subjects analysis of covariance demonstrated significant correlations between the improvement in reaction time on the MFFT and 1) GH response (AUCGH, r = .58, p less than .001) and 2) prolactin response (AUCPro, r = .40, p less than .05) and between improvement in attention as measured on the Yale BRS and GH response (AUCGH, r = .57, p less than .05). Our findings suggest that measures other than GH and prolactin may be more desirable measures of brain catecholaminergic functioning.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1990

Evidence for altered desipramine disposition in methadone-maintained patients treated for cocaine abuse.

Plasma concentrations of desipramine (DMI) and its 2-hydroxy metabolite (OHDMI) were compared among 72 patients being treated with desipramine for either depression (n = 39) or cocaine abuse (n = 33). Eleven cocaine abusers who were concurrently maintained on methadone had a significantly lower ratio of DMI dose to plasma concentration (0.9) than the depressives (2.2) or nonmethadone cocaine abusers (2.0). Their OHDMI/DMI ratios were significantly lower (0.19) than for either the other 22 cocaine abusers (0.39) or the depressed (0.50) patients. This difference was not due to DMI dosage. Although the underlying mechanism cannot be determined from these plasma studies, possible reduced hydroxylation of DMI in methadone patients suggests the need for DMI plasma monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Determination of cocaine concentrations in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We describe a procedure for measuring concentrations of cocaine in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with ion-pairing. The procedure involves solvent extraction followed by back-extraction with dilute acid. The n-propyl ester of benzoylecgonine is used as an internal standard. An evaporation step is not required, and concentrations as low as 5 micrograms/L can be quantified. Plasma concentrations of cocaine determined by high-performance liquid chromatography correlated well with those determined by a previously reported gas-chromatographic procedure with nitrogen detection.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Serum diazepam concentrations in overdose. Their significance.

Total serum benzodiazepine concentrations were correlated with clinical manifestations in 93 cases of diazepam overdose. Diazepam and nordiazepam were also each separately determined in 101 serum specimens from cases of diazepam overdose, including 27 cases from the aforementioned clinical correlation study. In addition, serum nordiazepam concentrations were measured in five cases of chlorazepate overdose. Concentrations of total benzodiazepine ranged from 1 to 22 microgram/ml. All patients survived with supportive therapy only. Each of the 25 patients who had ingested only diazepam was awake or in grade 0 coma, even when drug concentrations were ten-fold greater than the accepted upper limit of the therapeutic range. None of the patients who had ingested only diazepam needed hospitalization; all were discharged from acute medical care after a period of emergency room observation. The ratios of parent drug to N-desmethyl metabolite (nordiazepam) in those overdose specimens analyzed by gas chromatography averaged 3:1. This high ratio may be useful in differentiating acute overdose from high concentrations resulting from chronic therapy. Although determination of diazepam concentrations aid in establishing that an overdose has occurred, when more than grade I or II coma is present, other drugs or an alternative explanation should be sought, regardless of the drug concentration.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Improved liquid-chromatographic determination of propranolol in plasma, with fluorescence detection.

We describe an analysis for propranolol in plasma, with use of reversed-phase "high-pressure" liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Pronethalol is used as the internal standard. The procedure, which involves extraction into an organic solvent, evaporation, and clean-up by micro-scale back extraction from hexane into an aqueous phase, is specific and sensitive. The detection limit is less than 6 microgram/L (2.3 X 10(-8) mol/L). Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation are 1.8 and 4.4%, respectively. Commonly used drugs, including procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide, and quinidine, do not interfere.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1978

Oral cocaine: plasma concentrations and central effects.

Cocaine (2.0 milligrams per kilogram) given by the oral route is at least as effective as the same dose given intranasally. Cocaine is not detected in the plasma until 30 minutes after oral administration, but peak plasma concentrations are similar after both routes. The subjective "highs" in man are greater after oral than after intranasal administration.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1977

Urinary excretion of immunologically reactive metabolite(s) after intranasal administration of cocaine, as followed by enzyme immunoassay.

Using the enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT), we determined the time course of urinary excretion of benzoylecgonine in 16 surgical patients and three volunteers who received intranasal cocaine. After doses varying from 13 to 130 mg, the test for benzoylecgonine was positive in 1 to 4 h, peaked at about 10 to 12 h, remained positive for 18 to 27 h, and became negative after about 17 h. This information should be considered by drug dependency treatment programs in which the EMIT procedure is used to screen urines for cocaine use.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1976

Cocaine: plasma concentrations after intranasal application in man.

Cocaine (1.5 milligrams per kilogram) was applied to the nasal mucosa of human subjects. The cocaine persisted in the plasma for 4 to 6 hours and reached peak concentrations of 120 to 474 nanograms per milliliter at 15 to 60 minutes. In that residual cocaine was detectable on the nasal mucosa for 3 hours, continuous absorption secondary to its vasoconstrictive action might explain its persistence in the plasma.

Administration, Intranasal↗