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Biomedical subjects

P K Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to P K Shaw.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The performance of three portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr.

The performance of three portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr was studied. Portable infusion-pump devices (CADD-1, Paragon, and Singleday Infusor) were set to deliver 5% or 25% dextrose in water at 2 mL/hr for 24 hours at two environmental temperatures (25 and 35 degrees C). There were a total of 12 types of experimental runs, and each run was performed in triplicate. Flow rate accuracy and flow continuity were measured by a computerized gravimetric technique; effusate weights were measured and recorded at 30-second intervals for two hours at the beginning and two hours at the end of each run. Mean flow rates among the three devices did not differ significantly. Mean flow rate was significantly higher for the 5% dextrose solution than for the 25% dextrose solution, for the 35 degree C temperature than for the 25 degree C temperature, and during the first two hours of delivery than during the last two hours. The CADD-1 units showed an interruption of flow lasting about 30 seconds and recurring every 60 seconds; the other devices had fairly constant flow. Mean flow continuity differed significantly among the three devices. Mean flow continuity was significantly higher for the 5% dextrose solution and for the 25 degree C temperature. Flow continuity differed among three representative portable infusion-pump devices set to deliver 2 mL/hr, but flow rate accuracy did not. Fluid viscosity, environmental temperature, and elapsed time affected flow rate accuracy and flow continuity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Nature's high-voltage injuries: sometimes a deadly consequence.

A patient is described who presented with the clinical picture of respiratory failure, persistent comatose state and myocardial injury after being struck by lightning. The discussion reviews the management of lightning injuries with emphasis on cardiovascular and neurological complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hemodynamic status in critically ill patients with and without acute heart disease.

Physicians have been urged to reduce the use of the pulmonary artery catheter. However, there are no guidelines to help the clinician make the decision to use or withhold invasive monitoring in the individual patient. This study was designed to examine the accuracy of physician estimates of cardiac function in a spectrum of patients with hemodynamic instability to determine whether differences in accuracy among subgroups would suggest subgroups of patients who could be managed without invasive measurements. Physician estimates of cardiac index were found to be sufficiently accurate in patients without acute heart disease that initial management without invasive monitoring may be appropriate in selected cases. However, due to the general inaccuracy of physician estimates, efforts to improve the accuracy of clinical judgments of cardiac function and hemodynamic status should be pursued with vigor in patients both with and without acute cardiac dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Pre-early polypeptides of bacteriophages T5 and BF23.

Nine pre-early polypeptides have been detected after infection with bacteriophage T5 and 10 pre-early polypeptides have been detected after infection with bacteriophage BF23. Only about one-half of the coding capacity of the redundant ends of the phage DNA, which code for pre-early proteins, is needed for these 9 to 10 pre-early polypeptides. The direction of transcription of pre-early genes A1 and A2 has been established from the size of N-terminal polypeptide fragments induced by amber mutants and from the known intragenic loci of the amber mutations. Some pre-early functions appear to be nonessential, because a viable deletion mutant of BF23 fails to induce three and possibly four of the detectable pre-early polypeptides.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1977

An outbreak of introduced malaria in California possibly involving secondary transmission.

During 1974, 12 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria were reported from an agricultural area in California's Sacramento Valley. At least three of these cases resulted from local mosquito transmission. The imported cases were in Punjabi immigrants except for one in an American-born visitor to the Punjab. This is the 11th reported outbreak of introduced malaria in the United States since 1952, and the first in California since 1957. A unique aspect of this outbreak is the likelihood that secondary transmission occurred. Extensive surveillance activities, including a house-to-house case-finding survey in a 15-square-kilometer area of suspected transmission, yielded no new malaria cases, but the activities may have increased awareness of malaria among both the medical community and the public, and thus facilitated the detection of later cases. The occurrence of local malaria transmission coincided with unusually high numbers of Anopheles freeborni. The increase in imported malaria cases probably reflects a resurgence of malaria in Punjab State, India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A communitywide outbreak of giardiasis with evidence of transmission by a municipal water supply.

Three hundred fifty residents of Rome, New York, had laboratory-confirmed cases of giardiasis between 1 November 1974 and 7 June 1975. A random household survey showed an overall attack rate for giardiasis (defined as a diarrheal illness of 5 days or more) of 10.6%. A significant association was discovered between having giardiasis and using city water and between having illness and drinking 1 or more glasses of water a day. The presence of human settlements in the Rome watershed area suggested that the water supply could have been contaminated by untreated human waste. The infectivity of municipal water was confirmed by producing giardiasis in specific pathogen-free dogs fed sediment samples of raw water obtained from an inlet of a city reservoir. A microscopic examination of the water sediments uncovered a Giardia lamblia cyst in one sample. This was the first time that a G. lamblia cyst has been found in municipal water in an epidemic and the first time that such water has been shown to infect laboratory animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Autochthonous dermal leishmaniasis in Texas.

Over a 2-year period two cases of dermal leishmaniasis of special interest were recognized in Texas. The first occurred in 1972 in a 74-year-old woman who had residences in Dilworth and Gahzales, Gonzales County, and the other was in a 56-year-old man from Kenedy, Karnes County, in 1974. Both cases were biopsy- and culture-positive, and the second patient exhibited anti-Leishmania antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody and direct agglutination tests. Epidemiologic investigation revealed no association between the two cases and suggested that both patients had acquired their infections locally in southern Texas. Moreover, serologic evidence of Leishmania infection was uncovered in a neighbor of the second case and in 3 dogs living nearby. Potential sylvatic reservoirs and arthropod vectors of the disease are resident in the area. Epidemiologic data suggest that dermal leishmaniasis is endemic in south-central Texas.

Adolescent↗