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P Kämpfer

Publications and source records attributed to P Kämpfer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Castellaniella gen. nov., to accommodate the phylogenetic lineage of Alcaligenes defragrans, and proposal of Castellaniella defragrans gen. nov., comb. nov. and Castellaniella denitrificans sp. nov.

Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that two distinct sublineages exist within the genus Alcaligenes: the Alcaligenes faecalis lineage, comprising Alcaligenes aquatilis and A. faecalis (with the three subspecies A. faecalis subsp. faecalis, A. faecalis subsp. parafaecalis and A. faecalis subsp. phenolicus), and the Alcaligenes defragrans lineage, comprising A. defragrans. This phylogenetic discrimination is supported by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences. It is proposed that the A. defragrans lineage constitutes a distinct genus, for which the name Castellaniella gen. nov. is proposed. The type strain for Castellaniella defragrans gen. nov., comb. nov. is 54PinT (=CCUG 39790T = CIP 105602T = DSM 12141T). Finally, on the basis of data from the literature and new DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data, the novel species Castellaniella denitrificans sp. nov. (type strain NKNTAUT = DSM 11046T = CCUG 39541T) is proposed for two strains previously identified as strains of A. defragrans.

Alcaligenaceae↗
PubMed2003

[Airborne microorganisms in a rearing henhouse for layers during vaccination].

Airborne microorganisms are proved regularly in livestock houses as a part of stable dust and its amount depends on housing conditions, the flow of air and the movement of material. Health of animals and farmers can be influenced in a negative way by these bioaerosols. In a rearing house for layers concentrations of various groups of airborne microorganisms were measured during vaccination by a veterinary and his three assistants. During the vaccination activities the concentrations of some airborne microorganisms increased by a factor of ten to the following medians of colony forming units (cfu) on used selective agars (cfu/m3): 10(3) on MacConkey (36 degrees C), 10(3) on Dichloran-Glycerol (25 degrees C), 10(7) on Tryptone Soy (CaSo, 36 degrees C), 10(3) on Salmonella-Shigella (36 degrees C), 10(2) yeasts on Sabouraud (36 degrees C), and 10(2) on Campylobacter (36 degrees C). Thermophilic fungi were only grown on some of the used Maltextract agar dishes (45 degrees C) in concentrations near of the limit of detection. Some aerial samples were analysed for Chlamydia. Chlamydophila psittaci was not detected. Concentrations of airborne microorganisms in livestock houses depends not only on housing conditions but also on specific work procedures of farmers or on the activity of the animals.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2002

Selective enrichment and characterization of a phosphorus-removing bacterial consortium from activated sludge.

Under alternating aerobic/anaerobic conditions and without additional carbon sources, a bacterial consortium consisting initially of 18 bacterial strains was obtained in a sequence batch reactor. The phosphorus removal capability could only be maintained using sterile filtrate of activated sludge as medium. The addition of calcium and magnesium salts, as well as vitamins and trace elements, to autoclaved sterile filtrate of activated sludge was not sufficient to achieve stable phosphorus removal. A further enrichment by subcultivation on solid, agar, freezing, and shortening of the aerobic and anaerobic phases led to a defined bacterial consortium consisting of four strains. On the basis of physiological and chemotaxonomic characterization, and partial 16S rRNA sequencing, one of the organisms was identified as Delftia acidovorans. A further isolate belonged to the Bacillus cereus group, and the third isolate was identified as Microbacterium sp.. The remaining strain seems to represent a new genus within the Flavobacteriaceae. Under continuous chemostat conditions, this consortium was able to remove up to 9.6 mg P/l phosphate in the aerobic phase and released up to 8.5 mg/l in the anaerobic phase. Up to 25 mg P-polyphosphate/g dry mass was stored under aerobic conditions.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2002

Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis.

AIMS: To demonstrate the occurrence of cellulolytic bacteria in the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Applying aerobic cultivation conditions we isolated 119 cellulolytic strains from the gut of Z. angusticollis, which were assigned to 23 groups of aerobic, facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic cellulolytic bacteria. 16S rDNA restriction fragment pattern and partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as well as numerical taxonomy, were used for the assignment of the isolates. The Gram-positive bacteria of the actinomycetes branch could be assigned to the order Actinomycetales including the genera Cellulomonas/Oerskovia, Microbacterium and Kocuria. The Gram-positive bacteria from the order Bacillales belonged to the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus. Isolates related to the genera Afipia, Agrobacterium/Rhizobium, Brucella/Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas/Zymomonas from the alpha-proteobacteria and Spirosoma-like from the "Flexibacteriaceae" represented the Gram-negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: A cell titre of up to 10(7) cellulolytic bacteria per ml, determined for some isolates, indicated that they may play a role in cellulose digestion in the termite gut in addition to the cellulolytic flagellates and termite's own cellulases. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The impact of bacteria on cellulose degradation in the termite gut has always been a matter of debate. In the present survey we investigated the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in the termite gut.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2002

Thermomonas haemolytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a gamma-proteobacterium from kaolin slurry.

Four aerobic, gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from kaolin slurry used in the production of paper were subjected to a polyphasic analysis and characterization to determine their taxonomic position. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of the four strains revealed that they represent a new lineage within the gamma-Proteobacteria, related to the genera Xanthomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Luteimonas, Xylella and Rhodanobacter. Analysis of the quinone system, the polyamines, the fatty acids and the polar lipids revealed a combination of characteristics that is unique and not described for the phylogenetic relatives. The four strains contain a ubiquinone Q-8, spermidine as the major polyamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the predominant polar lipids, and a fatty acid profile with predominantly iso-branched fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be within the narrow range 67.1-68.7 mol%. Determination of DNA relatedness, as well as riboprint band patterns and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles, clearly demonstrated that the four strains are members of a single species. Antibiotic-susceptibility patterns were identical for the four strains. Although showing a high degree of similarites in physiological and biochemical patterns, each of the four strains could be distinguished from the others on the basis of a few biochemical characteristics. On the basis of the estimates of phylogenetic relationships derived from the 16S rDNA sequence analyses, the observed chemotaxonomic characteristics and other phenotypic traits, a new genus, Thermomonas gen. nov., and species, Thermomonas haemolytica sp. nov., are proposed for the strains A50-7-3T (= DSM 13605T = LMG 19653T), B 50-7-1 (= DSM 13598 = LMG 19655), D50-7-1 (= DSM 13610 = LMG 19656) and B50-8-1 (= DSM 13599 = LMG 19654), with strain A50-7-3T as the type strain.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2001

Toxic Bacillus pumilus from indoor air, recycled paper pulp, Norway spruce, food poisoning outbreaks and clinical samples.

Forty-four B. pumilus isolates of food poisoning, clinical, environmental and industrial origins were investigated for toxin production using the boar spermatozoan motility assay, previously shown to be a sensitive method for detecting non-protein toxins from B. cereus and B. licheniformis. The three toxic isolates originated from live tree, indoor air and recycled paper pulp and were more toxic than the previously described food poisoning isolates of B. licheniformis, whereas the B. pumilus food poisoning and clinical isolates were lower in toxicity. The type strain also produced inhibitory substances. The toxic substances were insensitive to heat (100 degrees C, 20 min), to pH 2 or pH 10 and to digestion with pronase. The substances were readily soluble in methanol and chloroform, but less soluble in toluene. Exposure of boar spermatozoa to 1-10 microg ml(-1) (EC50) of methanol soluble substance from the four strains disrupted the plasma membrane permeability barrier, induced abnormalities in the postacrosomal sheath, collapsed the mitochondrial and suppressed cytoplasmic NAD reduction. No change was observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to concentrations of B. pumilus extract that affected spermatozoa. The toxin producing isolates were 99.4 to 99.6% similar in 16SrDNA (500 bp) to the type strain and could not be distinguished from the 41 non-toxic isolates by biochemical properties or whole cell fatty acid composition.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2001

New DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data on the species Aeromonas ichthiosmia and Aeromonas allosaccharophila: A. ichthiosmia Schubert et al. 1990 is a later synonym of A. veronii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1987.

Previously, a DNA fingerprinting study based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis has revealed a possible genotypic resemblance of the species Aeromonas ichthiosmia and Aeromonas allosaccharophila to Aeromonas veronii (Huys et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, 572-580 [19961). Currently, two genotypically indistinguishable biovars are known to exist in the latter species, namely A. veronii biovar sobria and A. veronii biovar veronii. In the current study, new DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the type strain of A. ichthiosmia, LMG 12645T (= DSM 6393T), and that of A. allosaccharophila, LMG 14059T (= CECT 4199T), were 84-96% and 78-82% related to A. veronii strain LMG 9075T (= ATCC 35624T), respectively. Based upon phenotypic characterization including a total of 151 tests, the type strain of A. ichthiosmia could be clearly allocated to A. veronii biovar sobria. On the other hand, the three strains constituting the species A. allosaccharophila were found to be phenotypically heterogeneous. None of these strains clearly fitted the biochemical description of either of the two A. veronii biovars or tightly clustered with any of the A. veronii reference strains. On the basis of published taxonomic evidence (including AFLP and phylogenetic data) and the newly reported results, there is compiling evidence to conclude that A. ichthiosmia Schubert et al. 1990 is a later synonym of A. veronii Hickman-Brenner et al. 1987. However, due to the lack of agreement encountered between the new DNA reassociation results and previously reported DNA homology and phylogenetic data, a conclusive proposal on the genotypic position of A. allosaccharophila should await further studies.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed2001

Paenibacillus borealis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from spruce forest humus in Finland.

Seven spore-forming, nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates from spruce forest humus in Finland were studied using the polyphasic approach. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragment with specific primers showed that the isolates were members of Paenibacillus. Levels of 16S rDNA similarity between the isolates were 97.3-100.0% and those between the isolates and other Paenibacillus species were 90.3-96.5%. The highest similarities were observed with Paenibacillus azotofixans and Paenibacillus durus. Ribotyping with EcoRI and PvuII restriction showed a high diversity in the Paenibacillus species and distinguished the isolates from these closely related species. The main whole-cell fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (33-48%), straight-chain C14:0 (7-21%) and C16:0 (9-20%), and iso-C15:0 (6-15%). Electron microscopy revealed a unique striped morphology of the spore surfaces. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, these isolates are proposed as a new species, Paenibacillus borealis sp. nov., the type strain of which is KK19T (= DSM 13188T = CCUG 43137T).

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed2001

Sphingomonas pituitosa sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium that secretes an unusual type of sphingan.

Strain EDIVT, an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, was subjected to polyphasic characterization. The bacterium produced copious amounts of an extracellular polysaccharide, forming slimy, viscous, intensely yellow-pigmented colonies on Czapek-Dox (CZD) agar. The culture fluids of the liquid version of CZD medium were highly viscous after cultivation for 5 d. Cells of strain EDIVT were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. Comparisons of 16S rDNA gene sequences demonstrated that EDIVT clusters phylogenetically with the species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The G+C content of the DNA (64.5 mol%), the presence of ubiquinone Q-10, the presence of 2-hydroxymyristic acid (14:0 2-OH) as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the detection of sym-homospermidine as the major component in the polyamine pattern, together with the presence of sphingoglycolipid, supported this delineation. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain EDIVT is most closely related (99.4% similarity) to Sphingomonas trueperi LMG 2142T. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the level of relatedness to S. trueperi is only 45.5%. Further differences were apparent in the cellular fatty acid profile, the polar lipid pattern, the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and whole-cell proteins and in a number of biochemical characteristics. On the basis of the estimated phylogenetic position derived from 16S rDNA sequence data, DNA-DNA reassociation and phenotypic differences, strain EDIVT (= CIP 106154T = DSM 13101T) was recognized as a new species of Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas pituitosa sp. nov. is proposed. A component analysis of the exopolysaccharide (named PS-EDIV) suggested that it represents a novel type of sphingan composed of glucose, rhamnose and an unidentified sugar. Glucuronic acid, which is commonly found in sphingans, was absent. The mean molecular mass of PS-EDIV was approximately 3 x 10(6) Da.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2001

Limnobacter thiooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium isolated from freshwater lake sediment.

Two novel thiosulfate-oxidizing strains were isolated from sediment of the littoral zone of a freshwater lake (Lake Chiemsee, Bavaria, Germany). The new isolates, designated CS-K1 and CS-K2T, were gram-negative, slightly curved rods with pointed ends that were motile by means of single polar flagella. Both strains were obligately aerobic and grew on a variety of organic substrates, but not autotrophically. The utilization of thiosulfate led to an increase in the growth yield, indicating that these strains were able to grow chemolithoheterotrophically by oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate. The optimum thiosulfate concentrations for growth were determined to be 10 mM for strain CS-K1 and 20 mM for strain CS-K2T. Phylogenetically, both strains were affiliated to the beta-Proteobacteria. Their characterization by a polyphasic approach resulted in the placement of both strains into a single species that is related only distantly to any known type species. Thus, the creation of a novel taxon is proposed, with the name Limnobacter thiooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov., to include the novel strains. In addition, the phylogenetic position of the chemolithoheterotrophic strain 'Thiobacillus' Q was determined.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2001

Xenophilus azovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a soil bacterium that is able to degrade azo dyes of the Orange II type.

The taxonomy of strain KF46FT, which was isolated previously after an aerobic enrichment with the azo compound 1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol as the sole source of energy and carbon, was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The organism contained a quinone system with ubiquinone Q-8 and 2-hydroxyputrescine and putrescine as the major polyamines, suggesting that strain KF46FT belonged to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The polar lipid profile consisted mainly of phosphatidylethanolamine and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene supported its placement in the family Comamonadaceae, but the sequence similarities to the most closely related species of the genera Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Comamonas and Xylophilus were only in the range 95.0 to 96.1%. Different methods for the construction of phylogenetic trees showed the separate position of strain KF46FT 'between' the genera Hydrogenophaga, Variovorax, Comamonas and Xylophilus. Analysis of the fatty acids revealed an unusual profile, with the presence of 8:0 3-OH, 10:0 3-OH, 16:1 2-OH, 16:0 2-OH and 18:1 2-OH in addition to 17:0 cyclo, which is unique among the previously described genera of the family Comamonadaceae. Thus, a new taxon is proposed for strain KF46FT, with the name Xenophilus azovorans gen. nov., sp. nov.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2001

Pigmentiphaga kullae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Alcaligenaceae with the ability to decolorize azo dyes aerobically.

The taxonomic position of Pseudomonas strain K24, which was isolated previously after an aerobic enrichment with the azo compound 1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol as the sole source of carbon and energy, was investigated. The detection of a quinone system with ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant compound and a polyamine pattern with putrescine and 2-hydroxyputrescine as the major polyamines present suggested that strain K24T belongs to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. This was supported by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, which demonstrated about 95-96% sequence similarity to different species of the genera Achromobacter, Alcaligenes and Bordetella. This suggested that strain K24T is a member of the family Alcaligenaceae. The G+C content of the DNA was 68.5 mol %. Different methods for the construction of phylogenetic dendrograms placed strain K24T separate from the genera Alcaligenes, Achromobacter and Bordetella. Analysis of the fatty acids demonstrated the presence of 10:0 3-OH and high concentrations of summed feature 7 (18:1omega7c, 18:1omega9t and/or 18:1omega12t) and 19:0 cycloomega8c, which is unique among previously described species of the genera Alcaligenes, Achromobacter and Bordetella. On the basis of the low 16S rRNA sequence similarities, the composition of the fatty acid profile and unique phenotypic properties, a new genus and species is proposed for strain K24T with the name Pigmentiphaga kullae gen. nov., sp. nov.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2001

Isolation of toxigenic Nocardiopsis strains from indoor environments and description of two new Nocardiopsis Species, N. exhalans sp. nov. and N. umidischolae sp. nov.

Nocardiopsis strains were isolated from water-damaged indoor environments. Two strains (N. alba subsp. alba 704a and a strain representing a novel species, ES10.1) as well as strains of N. prasina, N. lucentensis, and N. tropica produced methanol-soluble toxins that paralyzed the motility of boar spermatozoa at <30 microg of crude extract (dry weight) x ml(-1). N. prasina, N. lucentensis, N. tropica, and strain ES10.1 caused cessation of motility by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential, Deltapsi, of the boar spermatozoa. Indoor strain 704a produced a substance that destroyed cell membrane barrier function and depleted the sperm cells of ATP. Indoor strain 64/93 was antagonistic towards Corynebacterium renale. Two indoor Nocardiopsis strains were xerotolerant, and all five utilized a wide range of substrates. This combined with the production of toxic substances suggests good survival and potential hazard to human health in water-damaged indoor environments. Two new species, Nocardiopsis exhalans sp. nov. (ES10.1T) and Nocardiopsis umidischolae sp. nov. (66/93T), are proposed based on morphology, chemotaxonomic and physiological characters, phylogenetic analysis, and DNA-DNA reassociations.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2000

Hydrogenophaga intermedia sp. nov., a 4-aminobenzenesulfonate degrading organism.

The taxonomic status of a gram-negative, oxidase positive rod (strain S1) able to degrade 4-aminobenzenesulfonate was studied using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic investigations of quinones and polar lipids established the allocation of this strain to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria and revealed similarities to Hydrogenophaga palleronii. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons demonstrated that this strain clusters phylogenetically with H. palleronii and H. taeniospiralis, but clearly represents a new species. The fatty acid patterns and substrate utilization profile displayed similarity to the characteristics of the four validly published species of Hydrogenophaga, although clear differentiating characters were also observed. No close similarities between the type strains of H. palleronii and H. taeniospiralis were detected in hybridization experiments with the genomic DNAs. On basis of these results, the new species Hydrogenophaga intermedia sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain S1T (= DSM 5680).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of Sphingomonas isolates from Finnish and Swedish drinking water distribution systems.

Sphingomonas species were commonly isolated from biofilms in drinking water distribution systems in Finland (three water meters) and Sweden (five water taps in different buildings). The Sphingomonas isolates (n = 38) were characterized by chemotaxonomic, physiological and phylogenetic methods. Fifteen isolates were designated to species Sphingomonas aromaticivorans, seven isolates to S. subterranea, two isolates to S. xenophaga and one isolate to S. stygia. Thirteen isolates represented one or more new species of Sphingomonas. Thirty-three isolates out of 38 grew at 5 degrees C on trypticase soy broth agar (TSBA) and may therefore proliferate in the Nordic drinking water pipeline where the temperature typically ranges from 2 to 12 degrees C. Thirty-three isolates out of 38 grew at 37 degrees C on TSBA and 15 isolates also grew on blood agar at 37 degrees C. Considering the potentially pathogenic features of sphingomonas, their presence in drinking water distribution systems may not be desirable.

Drinking↗
PubMed2000

Description of Sphingomonas xenophaga sp. nov. for strains BN6T and N,N which degrade xenobiotic aromatic compounds.

The taxonomic position of two bacterial strains, BN6T and N,N, with the ability to degrade xenobiotic aromatic compounds (naphthalenesulfonates or N,N-dimethylaniline) was investigated. The 165 rRNA gene sequence, the G+C content of the DNA (62-63 mol%) and the detection of ubiquinone Q-10, 2-hydroxymyristic acid and the sphingoglycolipid present clearly placed the two strains into the genus Sphingomonas. Both strains are representatives of one species according to the level of DNA relatedness (70.7%). The strains could be separated from all validly described taxa of the genus Sphingomonas, according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence (the highest sequence similarity observed was 96 % to Sphingomonas yanoikuyae), the pattern of the polar lipids and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the new species Sphingomonas xenophaga is proposed to accommodate strains BN6T (= DSM 6383T) and N,N (= DSM 8566).

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed2000

Frigoribacterium faeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic genus of the family Microbacteriaceae.

The taxonomic position of five actinobacterial strains isolated from dust, an animal shed, the air inside a museum and soil was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The growth characteristics were unusual for actinomycetes. Optimal growth was at temperatures ranging from 2 to 10 degrees C. After small-step adaptation (5 degrees C steps) to higher temperatures, the strains were also able to grow at 20 degrees C. Cell wall analyses revealed that the organisms showed a hitherto undescribed, new group B-type peptidoglycan [type B2beta according to Schleifer & Kandler (1972), but with lysine instead of ornithine]. All strains contained menaquinone MK-9. Mycolic acids were not detected. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid were detected in the polar lipid extracts. The main fatty acids were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (15:0 anteiso), 12-methyl-tetradecenoic acid (15:1 anteiso), 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (16:0 iso) and 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (17:0 iso), as well as an unusual compound identified as 1,1-dimethoxy-anteiso-pentadecane (15:0 anteiso-DMA). The G+C content of DNA was approximately 71 mol%. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the strains represent a new lineage in the suborder Micrococcineae and the family Microbacteriaceae of the order Actinomycetales. On the basis of these results the new genus Frigoribacterium gen. nov. is proposed, harbouring the new species Frigoribacterium faeni sp. nov. (type strain = 801T = DSM 10309T).

Actinomycetales↗