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Biomedical subjects

P Karma

Publications and source records attributed to P Karma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Bacteria in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Sixty-one chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses produced 131 bacterial strains from mucosal pieces that were taken during a Caldwell-Luc operation and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Sinus secretions showed only 62 and nasal secretions 106 bacterial strains. Fourteen mucosal strains, including 11 Haemophilus influenzae, grew heavily. None of 24 mucosal anaerobes showed heavy growth. Of 52 antral mucosae with culturable bacteria, 37 disclosed mixed and 15 pure growth. The bacteriological characteristics of the diseased sinus and the nose did not correlate. The duration or extent of the disease, the macroscopic appearance of the diseased sinus, or the presence or absence of allergy were unrelated to bacteriological findings, except that H influenzae was concentrated in purulent sinuses. Intraoperative culture of antral mucosa seems to give the most reliable picture of the bacteriological condition in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

T cells as marked with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining in secretory otitis media.

Non-specific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity of the lymphocytes was investigated in smears made of middle ear secretions and peripheral blood from 61 children with secretory otitis media. On the average, 20.1% (right ear) and 2.1% (left ear) of the lymphocytes in the ear samples showed distinctive ANAE-positive spots in their cytoplasms, by the method used. The mean percentage of ANAE-positive cells in the blood was 47.8 and it was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than the respective percentages of the ear samples. In normal childrne, 54.9% of the lymphocytes, on the average, were ANAE-positive. This difference in blood between patients and control group was significant (P less than 0.001). Consequently, the present study suggests that the relationship of T- and non-T-lymphocytes, as a marked with ANAE, are disturbed in children suffering from secretory otitis media. The importance of this finding and the validity of the method are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1978

T lymphocytes in the effusions of secretory otitis media.

Smears were made from 39 middle ear effusions in 29 children with secretory otitis media (SOM) and stained with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) to demonstrate T lymphocytes. The effusions showed on the average 21% of the lymphocytes to be ANAE positive, while simultaneously drawn peripheral blood revealed the proportion of ANAE positive cells to be 53% (P less than 0.001, the Student's t-test). Our finding suggests that T cell dependent defence mechanisms may be locally disturbed in SOM.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Access of metronidazole into the chronically inflamed middle ear with reference to anaerobic bacterial infections.

Strictly anaerobic bacteria were found in about one third of 138 consecutive cases of active chronic otitis media. These infections were always mixed involving aerobes as well. In 79 cases only aerobes were found and 16 cultures were sterile. To provide a basis for possible clinical trials, the penetration of metronidazole into the ear was studied after an oral dose of 2.4 g to patients with chronic otitis media. Significant amounts of biologically active metronidazole were found in 8 of 12 middle ear discharges at 2--4 h, the concentrations varying between 9.4 and 65.0 microgram/ml. Between 2 and 13 h after administration, significant drug concentrations all exceeding the highest reported bactericidal ones were found in the middle ear mucosa in 6 cases of the 8 in which the determinations were possible. Neither the mucosal nor the discharge concentrations correlated with the simultaneous serum levels of metronidazole, which were high in all 23 patients studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Cholesteatoma in children.

The 65 cholesteatomas operated on in children showed a more expansive and rapid growth than those in adults. In one fifth of the cases cholesteatoma filled the whole air-cell area, which was wide in half of the children. Fifty-two ears of these children had an attic or a posterosuperior perforation. One case was complicated by a fistula in the horizontal semicircular canal, and the ossicular chain was unbroken in 23 cases (35%). Thus, the findings support the idea of the primary soft-tissue spread of cholesteatoma in children. Five ears (8%) discharged postoperatively, and three ears (5%) were reoperated on and showed residual tympanal cholesteatoma. Cavity obliteration with canal wall down technique proved safe, even in the cases of the most extensive and active cholesteatoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anaerobic bacteria in chronic otitis media.

The bacteriology of 70 consecutive cases of active chronic otitis media was studied. Using appropriate technology, anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 33%, Bacteroides species accounting for one half of them. They were always found in mixed infections involving the average of 3.8 bacteria, 1.9 anaerobic, and 1.9 facultative species. The bacteriology was relatively stable from one ear to the other in the ten bilateral cases studied. The results were alike in the groups differing with respect to local antimicrobial therapy or appearance of the middle ear discharge. The cases with chronic otitis in spite of previous radical surgery presented more often with anaerobic infection than the unoperated ones, and none of them yielded sterile cultures. The recognition of anerobic middle ear infections may be clinically significant because the susceptibilities of the organisms to antimicrobial agents and to air are characteristically different from those of aerobic or facultative bacteria.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Congenital epulis. Report of a case.

The clinical characteristics and histogenesis of congenital epulis, the tumour often confused with granular cell myoblastoma, are discussed and a case of our own is presented.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Secretory otitis media in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. A temporal bone report of a case treated for seven months with tympanostomy tubes.

Serially sectioned temporal bones were studied from a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia with submucosal infiltration of the nasopharynx, the resulting secretory otitis having been treated with tympanostomy tubes for 7 months. The initially serous sterile secretion turned mucoid, and a low grade infection supervened. For the last 3 months the tympanostomy tubes were open and the ears dry. In the sections, the mastoid air cells showed leukaemic infiltrations and contained AB- and PAS-positive secretion. The drum openings were without reaction and there was no epithelial ingrowth around the margins. The posterior tympanum in both ears contained organizing fibrous tissue extending from the inner surface of the drum to the promontory. In the tympanum the mucosa was flat or columnar and without glands. Distinct AB and PAS-positive mucus film and secretory cells appeared on the promontory epithelium and the inner surface of the drum. In the tubo-tympanic recess some AB- and PAS-positive subepithelial glands appeared and in the tympanic orifice of the tube the secretory cells were prominent and the lumen full of AB-positive mucus. The case reported represents an intermediate stage in the healing of secretory otitis media, most of the glands having disappeared but the intraepithelial secretory elements being still active.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Histochemistry of normal middle ear mucosa.

Mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from the middle ear in 19 patients with otosclerosis and stained by Alcan blue and PAS. They were also stained for hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. In additon, 11 temporal bones from patients without any previous ear disease were serially sectioned for mucopolysaccharides. In otosclerosis, both acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides were present in the mucosa, but not to the same extent as in the temporal bone specimens. Acid phosphatase, lactate malate dehydrogenases, and nonspecific esterase were demonstrated even in very thin epithelium, providing a potential basis for the appearance of these enzymes in large amounts in various inflammatory middle ear diseases.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Mastoid Obliteration. Histopathologucal Study of Three Temporal Bones.

Three temporal bones were serially sectioned to study the postoperative fate of the meatally based postauricular musculoperiosteal flap. In all three ears, the flap sealed off the middle ear effectively from the mastoid cavity and in one, with resected canal wall, formed a new soft posterior wall with good meatus. All flaps contained viable muscle, fat, collagen, reticulin, and elastin, and were richly vascularized. In two flaps, small granulating foci of infection were noted. In two temporal bones, from a child with hypogammaglobulinemia, small cholesterol cysts formed behind the falp during the delayed healing of the mastoid wounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Middle ear mucosa and chronic ear disease. III. Enzyme studies of thick noncholesteatomous epithelium.

Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protein and cellular pattern of glue ear secretions.

Analysis of glue ear secretions showed that the total protein content was slightly higher than in serum and that in the effusion proteins appeared that were specific to the mucosal secretion. The cellular analysis of samples from 137 ears showed that lymphocytes and neutrophils predominated, and that monocytes and phagocytes appeared in most specimens. Eosinophils and mast cells were rare. Staining of bacteria in the smear was seen in one-third of the slides and the mucus strands were numerous. The cellular picture is in line with an infective etiology.

Exudates and Transudates↗