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Biomedical subjects

P Kass

Publications and source records attributed to P Kass.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 327 dogs: a retrospective cohort study and analysis of risk factors for mortality.

Vipera palaestinae (Vp), formerly a subspecies of the near east viper Vipera xanthina, is the most common poisonous snake in Israel and neighbouring countries (Jordan, Lebanon and Syria), and is responsible for most envenomations in humans and domestic animals. Hospital records were retrospectively reviewed for confirmed cases of Vp envenomations in dogs over a 13-year period and 327 cases were included in the study. Most envenomations occurred between May and October, and between 02:00 and 10:00 PM. The most frequent clinical signs included: local swelling and oedema (99.6%), viper teeth penetration marks (51%), tachypnoea (50%), panting (44%), increased body temperature (19.2%), tachycardia (>160/min, 19%), salivation (18%) and lameness (15.6%). Common haematological findings included: increased haematocrit (47%), increased haemoglobin concentration (45%), leucocytosis (39%), and thrombocytopenia (30%). The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in 68 and 21% of the dogs, respectively. Blood biochemistry abnormalities included increased activities of muscle enzymes, hyperglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and hypocholesterolaemia. The mortality rate was 4% (13 dogs). The following variables were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with mortality: body weight below 15 kg (p = 0.01), limb envenomation (0.008), envenomation at night (p = 0.025), severe lethargy (P < 0.001), hypothermia (p = 0.04), systemic bleeding (p = 0.001), shock (p = 0.007), dyspnoea (p = 0.002), tachycardia (p = 0.002), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.02), and glucocorticosteroid therapy (p = 0.002). Dogs younger than 4 years had a lower death risk (p = 0.01). The association of steroid therapy with increased mortality suggests that the use of steroids in Vp envenomations may be harmful. Specific antivenom therapy (10 ml/dog) was not associated with a higher survival rate, thus its use, dose and timing of administration should be further investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on postprandial serum glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of acarbose on baseline and postprandial serum glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy dogs, if effects of acarbose were dosage related, and if acarbose caused any short-term adverse effects. ANIMALS: 5 healthy dogs fed a high-fiber diet. PROCEDURE: A Latin-square design was used. During each 1-week treatment period, dogs were given a placebo or 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg of acarbose, PO, twice daily immediately prior to feeding. There was a 1-week interval between periods. At the end of each treatment period, serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured prior to feeding and at 30- to 60-minute intervals for 6 hours after feeding. RESULTS: Baseline serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin peak response, and total glucose absorption were not significantly different following treatment with placebo and treatment with acarbose; however, total insulin secretion was significantly decreased when dogs were treated with 100 or 200 mg of acarbose. Four dogs developed soft to watery stools when treated with 200 mg of acarbose, and 2 dogs lost weight during the study. Results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses were within reference ranges throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose did not induce any serious adverse effects and was effective in healthy dogs in reducing total postprandial insulin secretion when administered immediately prior to meals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that acarbose may help control hyperglycemia in dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Additional studies designed to evaluate the effect of acarbose on postprandial blood glucose concentrations in dogs with diabetes mellitus are indicated.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiologic study of cats and dogs affected by the 1991 Oakland fire.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors of pets affected by the 1991 Oakland, Calif fire for being lost, found, adopted, or reunited with owners. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 1,075 cats and 197 dogs affected by the fire and 221 cats and 128 dogs not affected by the fire. PROCEDURES: Records compiled from 1991 to 1995 by the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline were analyzed. RESULTS: Peak activity for the hotline was on days 3 and 4 after the fire, but decreased to a low, steady rate by day 21. Many pets were found that had been abandoned or were part of a large free-roaming population that existed at the time of the fire. Many were missing after the fire and presumed killed. The longer owners delayed looking for their pet, the lower the chance of being reunited. Pets wearing collars with the owners' names and addresses had a more than 10-fold chance of being reunited, compared with pets without collars. Increasing odds for adoption of lost pets was associated with their proximity to the fire. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Hotlines set up after sudden impact disasters, such as the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline, will probably register primarily abandoned animals. Reunion of pets with their owners appears to be most likely for those that receive an overall better level of care than pets found at other times. Adoption of pets after this disaster was primarily by the person who found that animal and principally resulted when the pet was found close to the disaster area.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1992

The role of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell as the progenitor cell during bronchiolar epithelial differentiation in the perinatal rabbit lung.

Although it is well established that the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell serves as the progenitor for itself and ciliated cells in the adult lung following bronchiolar epithelial injury, the nature of this relationship during development has not been well characterized. To define the pattern of proliferation and differentiation of bronchiolar ciliated and nonciliated cells, lungs of fetuses and offspring from time-mated New Zealand White rabbits, ranging in age from 24 days of gestation to 25 wk postnatal (PN), were fixed by airway infusion and embedded for simultaneous light and transmission electron microscopy. Three categories of cells could be distinguished in terminal bronchioles: nonciliated cells with abundant glycogen and variable numbers of organelles; nonciliated cells with little glycogen, large numbers of polyribosomes, and variable numbers of basal bodies; and ciliated cells with cilia of varying height. Together, both types of nonciliated cells were 100% of the epithelium at 24 and 27 days gestation age (DGA). At 30 days DGA, they were 85% of the population; at all postnatal ages, they ranged from 75 to 81% of the total population. Nonciliated cells with polyribosomes and basal bodies were 10 to 20% of the total nonciliated cell population between 24 DGA and 1 wk PN and not found thereafter. Ciliated cells were not observed in animals younger than 30 DGA. Labeling indices of bronchiolar epithelium in fetuses of pregnant rabbits injected with tritiated thymidine, as determined by autoradiography, were 57 cells per thousand at 28 DGA (1 h postinjection [PI]), 76 at 29 DGA (24 h PI), and 114 at 30 DGA (48 h PI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of acetabular cup temperature and duration of cement pressurization on cement porosity in a canine total hip replacement model.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of acetabular cup temperature and duration of cement pressurization on porosity of the acetabular cement mantel. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study. METHODS: Twenty-four polyurethane foam blocks prepared for acetabular prosthetic implantation were implanted with polyethylene acetabular cups using four combinations and variations of temperature and pressure: (1) high temperature/short-term pressurization; (2) high temperature/long-term pressurization; (3) low temperature/long-term pressurization; and (4) low temperature short-term pressurization. Five 1-mm-thick slices were taken from the center of each block using a tissue processing system. The slices were scanned into a personal computer using a photo slide scanner. Imaging software was used to determine cement surface area and size, number, and distribution of pores. The quality of the cement-implant interface was subjectively evaluated. Statistical analysis of relative cement porosity was performed by a Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance comparing the four groups individually and combining the short-term pressurization groups versus the long-term pressurization groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in cement porosity between the four test groups (P =.11). There were no significant differences in porosity between the combined groups (P =.48). CONCLUSIONS: There is no benefit in prewarming acetabular cups before implantation. There are no deleterious effects of short-term pressurization of the cement during implantation.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survival of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in poultry manure and manure slurry at sublethal temperatures.

Exponential inactivation was observed for Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in poultry manure with decimal reduction times ranging from half a day at 37 C to 1-2 wk at 4 C. There was no material difference in inactivation rates between S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7. Inactivation was slower in slurries made by mixing two parts of water with one part of manure; decimal reduction times (time required for 90% destruction) ranged from 1-2 days at 37 C to 6-22 wk at 4 C. Escherichia coli O157:H7 consistently exhibited slightly slower inactivation than S. typhimurium. Log decimal reduction time for both strains was a linear function of storage temperature for manure and slurries. Chemical analysis indicated that accumulation of free ammonia in poultry manure was an important factor in inactivation of the pathogens. This finding was experimentally confirmed for S. typhimurium by adding ammonia directly to peptone water or to bovine manure, which was naturally low in ammonia, and adjusting pH to achieve predetermined levels of free ammonia.

Ammonia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Destruction of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry feed by combination of heat and propionic acid.

A factorial laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the effects of heating times of 0, 20, 40, and 80 sec at 160 F and propionic acid concentrations of 0, 0.1%, and 0.2% on reduction of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry feed with approximately 15% moisture. The results showed that after 80 sec heating time an approximately 10,000-fold reduction in living salmonella was obtained in the samples with 0.2% propionic acid. Survival in the 0.2% acid group was 2 log10 lower than in the 0.1% and control groups. This difference was statistically significant. Multivariate analysis with repeated measures showed there was no interaction between heating time and propionic acid concentration (P = 0.4113). There were overall significant effects for both acid concentration (P < 0.00001) and heating time (P < 0.0001).

Animal Feed↗