Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Keep.
Dr Nathan Cooley Keep (1800-1875) was a Boston dentist and doctor who carried our pioneering work in both dentistry and anaesthesia. He worked with William Morton before the first public demonstration of ether anaesthesia, formed the world's first anaesthetic partnership with Morton but parted company with him and later opposed Morton's claim to be the sole inventor of ether anaesthesia.
Insertion of antibody genes into filamentous bacteriophage makes it possible to generate and screen libraries of 10(7) or more antibodies. Each phage expresses an antibody on its surface and contains the corresponding antibody gene. Genes that encode antibodies with desired characteristics are readily selected and their antibodies expressed as soluble proteins in Escherichia coli. We used this system to produce an antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen with higher affinity and better tumour specificity than antibodies currently in use.
An apparatus is described to facilitate the pressurisation of plastic fluid containers during rapid intravenous infusion. The advantages offered by this system over the 'infusion cuff' method include greater mechanical stability, faster pressurisation and change-over of infusion containers and clear visibility of the contents of the containers.
Retrospective surveys were carried out on two groups of patients who had survived a stay of at least 48 h in an Intensive Therapy Unit. One group had been kept in a unit without windows, and the other in a similar unit with translucent but not transparent windows. Survivors from the windowless unit had a less accurate memory of the length of their stay, and were less well orientated in time during their stay. The incidence of hallucinations and delusions was more than twice as high in the windowless unit. The phenomenon of depersonalisation in the face of life-threatening danger is described and discussed.
Studies in both patients and mice have been carried out using heterologous antibody directed at secreted products of tumors. In preliminary therapeutic studies in patients with drug-resistant choriocarcinoma and malignant teratoma, heterologous anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and anti-alpha-fetoprotein have been combined with continued cytotoxic chemotherapy. The results to date, although interesting, are inconclusive. In nude mice, anti-HCG administration at the time of inoculation with choriocarcinoma cells failed to inhibit tumor growth. 131I-Labeled anti-HCG and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen have been used in localization studies. Specific:nonspecific ratios of up to 2:1 were obtained in human and murine studies with HCG- and carcinoembryonic antigen-producing tumors.
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