[Methacholine challenge testing in olympic athletes].
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Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
Biomedical subjects
P Kippelen
Publications and source records attributed to P Kippelen.
Undiagnosed exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in ski-mountaineers.
Because the practise conditions put the ski-mountaineering athletes potentially at risk for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of EIB in this population. Thirty-one highly-trained ski-mountaineers with racing experience participating in the race were evaluated. EIB was determined after a European race at high altitude and frigid conditions. Pre-race investigations included pulmonary function measurements and a questionnaire enquiring about i) training habits, ii) respiratory history during training and/or competition. Pulmonary function was also tested after the race. None of the athletes reported a basal airway obstruction. Two groups were determined after post-race airway response: i) EIB (+) group exhibiting a fall in FEV (1) > or = 10 % (n = 15) and ii) EIB (-) without fall in FEV (1) or fall < 10 % (n = 16). Neither training habits nor baseline lung function were associated with the post-race airway response. Six of the 31 ski-mountaineers had a previous physician-made diagnosis of asthma and/or EIB, nevertheless 23 of our athletes complained about at least one characteristic symptom of asthma during practise. Four of our 15 EIB (+) had a previous physician-made diagnosis of asthma/EIB indicating that 73 % of EIB (+) athletes were undiagnosed for EIB. The proportion of allergic athletes was not significantly different between EIB (+) and EIB (-). This study showed that approximatively half of highly-trained ski-mountaineers with racing experience can develop EIB after a race and that 73 % of them are unaware of the problem.
Adult↗
Effect of endurance training on lung function: a one year study.
OBJECTIVE: To identify in a follow up study airway changes occurring during the course of a sport season in healthy endurance athletes training in a Mediterranean region. METHODS: Respiratory pattern and function were analysed in 13 healthy endurance trained athletes, either during a maximal exercise test, or at rest and during recovery through respiratory manoeuvres (spirometry and closing volume tests). The exercise test was conducted on three different occasions: during basic endurance training and then during the precompetition and competitive periods. RESULTS: During the competitive period, a slight but non-clinically significant decrease was found in forced vital capacity (-3.5%, p = 0.0001) and an increase in slope of phase III (+25%, p = 0.0029), both at rest and after exercise. No concomitant reduction in expiratory flow rates was noticed. During maximal exercise there was a tachypnoeic shift over the course of the year (mean (SEM) breathing frequency and tidal volume were respectively 50 (2) cycles/min and 3.13 (0.09) litres during basic endurance training v 55 (3) cycles/min and 2.98 (0.10) litres during the competitive period; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study does not provide significant evidence of lung function impairment in healthy Mediterranean athletes after one year of endurance training.
Adult↗
Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in amateur endurance-trained athletes.
High-level endurance training contributes to the development of asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction but the effect of moderate endurance training on airway function remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and/or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in moderately endurance-trained athletes. Ninety-five Mediterranean amateur endurance-trained athletes filled out a questionnaire about respiratory disorders and underwent a resting spirometry. Mean training volume was 10 h per week. The prevalence of asthma was found to be 4.2 %. All the athletes with asthma plus another one (5.3 %) reported having exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. These percentages are in the same range as those from the general population and much lower than those observed in elite endurance athletes. In contrast to elite athletes, our amateur endurance-trained athletes seem not exposed to a higher risk of asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction than the general population. We suggest that 10 h per week of moderate endurance training in a temperate climate area does not lead to respiratory disease.
Adolescent↗
Is hemoglobin desaturation related to blood viscosity in athletes during exercise?
Several studies have suggested that athletes with low hemoglobin saturation during exercise may experience impaired pulmonary blood gas exchange during maximal exercise. Blood viscosity may be implicated in exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in race horses. We hypothesized that blood rheology may contribute to impaired gas exchange and reduced hemoglobin saturation during exercise in humans. A group of 20 highly trained endurance athletes participated in this study, 9 with low hemoglobin saturation during exercise (Low-SpO (2) group) and 11 with normal hemoglobin saturation (High-SpO (2) group). All subjects performed a progressive exercise test conducted to V.O (2max). Venous blood was sampled at rest, 50 % V.O (2max) and maximal exercise. Blood viscosity (etab) was measured at very high shear rate (1000 s (-1)) and 37 degrees C with a falling ball viscometer. The erythrocyte rigidity coefficient, "Tk", was calculated using the Dintenfass equation. At rest, no significant difference in etab was observed between the two groups (3.00 +/- 0.08 mPa . s vs. 3.01 +/- 0.04 mPa . s for the Low-SpO (2) and High-SpO (2) group, respectively). At 50 % V.O (2max) and maximal exercise, etab was higher in Low-SpO (2) (p < 0.01). Tk decreased in High-SpO (2) (p < 0.01) but remained unchanged in the other group during testing. The greater increase in etab in the Low-SpO (2) group during exercise may therefore have been due to the lack of reduction in Tk. As suggested by previous studies, the greater increase in blood viscosity in athletes with low hemoglobin saturation may lead to vascular shear stress. Whether this could impair the blood gas barrier and result in exercise-induced hypoxemia requires further study.
Adult↗
[Asthma in athletes].
INTRODUCTION: Numerous recent studies have shown that the risk of developing asthma or exercise-induced asthma is increased in the athletic population, particularly in endurance-trained athletes at national and international level. STATE OF ART: According to the literature, this could be explained by both hyperventilation during exercise and increased airway exposure to inhaled allergens, pollutants and/or cold dry air. However this form of asthma seems to differ from classical asthma. PERSPECTIVES: In the future, the establishment of rigorous controls - via a detailed description of symptoms and documentation of objective measurements such as resting spirometry, bronchial hyperreactivity and reversibility - should allow early detection of respiratory problems in athletes and enable to provide an adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although asthma and exercise-induced asthma are particularly common among athletes, if appropriately detected and treated, these disorders should not constitute a limiting factor in exercise performance.
Asthma↗