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Biomedical subjects

P Kitzing

Publications and source records attributed to P Kitzing.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cranial nerve injuries after carotid artery surgery. A prospective study of 663 operations.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of cranial nerve injuries caused by carotid artery surgery. METHODS: During the years 1982 to 1992, 689 carotid artery operations were performed at Malmö General Hospital. Of these 656 were pre- and postoperatively examined at the Department of Phoniatrics concerning the function of the cranial nerves IX, X, and XII. RESULTS: There was injury to one or more of the examined nerves after 75 operations (11.4%). In 70 (10.7%) operations the hypoglossal nerve was injured, in eight (1.2%) the recurrent laryngeal nerve, in two (0.3%) the glossopharyngeal nerve and in two (0.3%) the superior laryngeal nerve. Seven patients complained of postoperative hoarseness, but had no injuries. One hypoglossal and one recurrent nerve injury was permanent. Nerve injury was more frequent in operations performed with a shunt (p = 0.05), with patch closure (p = 0.01) and by a junior surgeon (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: In a prospective series, the incidence of cranial nerve injuries after carotid surgery was significant but the vast majority were reversible.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Long-time average spectrograms of dysphonic voices before and after therapy.

Tape recordings before and after successful voice therapy from 174 subjects with non-organic voice disorders (functional dysphonia) were analysed by long-time averaged voice spectrograms (LTAS). In female as well as in male voices there was a statistically significant increase in level in the first formant region of the spectra. In the female voices there was also an increase in level in the region of the fundamental. The LTAS were compared to the results of a perceptual evaluation of the voice qualities by a small group of expert listeners. There was no significant change of the LTAS in voices with negligible amelioration after therapy. In the voices, where the change after therapy was perceptually rated to be considerable, the LTAS showed only an increase in intensity, but the general configuration of the spectral envelope remained unchanged. There was only a weakly positive correlation between the quality ratings and parameters of the spectra.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pharyngeal function after carotid endarterectomy.

Neurologic deficiencies, with special reference to pharyngeal function, were studied prospectively in 12 patients before and after they underwent carotid endarterectomy. Pharyngeal function was monitored with cineradiography. Five patients developed pharyngeal dysfunction: defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule, epiglottic dysmotility, and pharyngeal constrictor paresis 1 week postoperatively. In 2 patients this dysfunction remained, while in 3 it had resolved 4 weeks after the operation. Pharyngeal dysfunction was more common in patients with preoperative minor stroke and a temporary perioperative carotid shunt and in patients with a long operation time. The registered transient pharyngeal dysfunction may be due to manipulation of the cervical structures including the vagus nerve and the pharynx or due to cerebrovascular damage during the operation. Our findings support careful monitoring of postoperative oral finding in patients at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Voice therapy according to Smith. Comments on the accent method of treating voice and speech disorders].

The accent method (A.M.) is based on the myoelastic and aerodynamic phonatory theory. The aim of the respiration exercises is to establish a predominantly abdominal respiration. Following the exercises of accentuated phonatory pulsations, patients work on reading special texts designed to enable them to become aware of the accentuated or unaccentuated sections. The AM is based on a holistic understanding of the voice and of speech. Whilst the exercise of AM is linked to a physiological phenomenon, such as phonatory aerodynamics and muscular function, the method is to be understood as a therapy aimed at producing an overall change in the behaviour related to oral communication disorders. The aim is not so much to eliminate a given particular defect, but rather to condition a subconscious automatism.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Glottography, the electrophysiological investigation of phonatory biomechanics.

Some details of phonatory biomechanics, meaning the vibratory movements of the vocal folds during phonation, are described in the introduction. Here a special emphasis is laid on the multicomponent structure of the vocal folds. Glottography is a general term used for methods to monitor the vibrations of the vocal folds. Four different types of glottography are generally recognized (fig. 2), viz. photoglottography, electroglottography, ultrasound glottography and glottography by inverse filtering the acoustic or laryngeal air flow signal. In the main part of the communication the four methods are described and their applicability is discussed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Stroboscopy--a pertinent laryngological examination.

When observing the vocal fold movements in their laryngoscopic examination, most laryngologists seem to be trained to consider only the gross respiratory movements of the folds, i.e. abduction and adduction. these movements constitute an essential part of the vitally important valve function of the larynx, preventing aspiration and providing parts of the mechanisms for normal swallowing, coughing, and straining. The second important function of the larynx is to serve as a transducer of aerodynamic to acoustic energy; the voice function. Probably for reasons of tradition, the examination of the voice function is generally left to the speech pathologists, who can make an auditory perceptual evaluation of the voice qualities, possibly supplemented by electro-acoustic analyses. By focussing also on the small vibratory movements of the vocal folds during phonation, using laryngeal stroboscopy, the laryngologist can contribute considerably to the diagnosis of voice disorders. For the laryngeal surgeon stroboscopy should be of particular interest, as it is a useful tool for early detection of (cancerous) invasion and for the evaluation of laryngeal paresis. This paper describes the clinical procedure of laryngeal stroboscopy, based on some introductory remarks on vocal anatomy and function.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Cranial nerve injuries associated with carotid endarterectomy. A prospective study.

To determine the incidence and nature of cranial nerve damage in connection with carotid artery surgery, 139 patients were studied before and after 162 operations. Nerve damage was detected in association with 19.8% of the operations. The hypoglossal nerve was most commonly affected. The injuries were of benign character and usually resolved within 4 to 6 weeks. Apart from damage to the great auricular nerve, all lesions resolved within 5 months. The incidence of nerve disturbance was greater than that found in a retrospective study from the same hospital. Gentleness of technique is important in carotid artery surgery, in order to avoid nerve damage.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1983

[Differential diagnosis in phoniatrics and pediatric audiology. Language-aphasia].

The incidence of aphasia in a population of 100 000 is about 60 new cases a year. Although the aphasic patient represents a neurological problem, aphasia seems rather to be a linguistic one. Therefore, this report on the diagnosis of aphasia includes a comprehensive linguistic introduction on the function and structure of language. After a presentation of different aphasiologic schools and their classification of the aphasic syndromes, the differential diagnoses of other neurological disorders of verbal communication from aphasia are given. The subsequent section concerns the clinical investigation of aphasia. Finally, the most common tests for aphasia are reviewed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

Initial validation of an indirect measure of subglottal pressure during vowels.

Some methods for direct measurement of subglottal pressure during speech are invasive and thus cannot be used on a routine basis. The development of noninvasive techniques is thus desirable, and a simple indirect method for measuring subglottal pressure from records of oral pressure during consonants has recently been proposed and applied to studies of glottal resistance during phonation. In order to bae useful, indirect measurement procedures should be validated by comparisons with direct measurements, and the present experiment was designed for such a comparison. Miniature pressure transducers were used to obtain records of pressure below and above the glottis. Results showed nonsignificant differences and a high correlation between the direct and indirect measurements. This indirect method for measuring subglottal pressure thus appears to provide valid results.

Audiology↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of contact microphone and electroglottograph for the measurement of vocal fundamental frequency.

Signals from a throat contact microphone or an electroglottograph often are more suited for fundamental frequency measurements with simple analog circuits than the radiated speech signal. This report compares a contact (accelerometer) microphone placed on the neck below the cricoid cartilage and an electroglottograph for measurement of fundamental frequency in connected speech. The advantages and drawbacks of the two methods are discussed.

Humans↗