Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Kouame.
With the mandible decomposition we can check the relation between mandible structure, we used the black African children three, dimensional teleradiographic. The mandible structures correlation depend of the origin and the function of this structures.
Today, the three dimension (3D) teleradiographic different construction enable a three dimensional studies of different mandible structures. Then we can approach the result obtained with the news images processing techniques like scanner. In this paper we present the different between the measure provided by different pictures (lateralis, frontalis, axiales) and the three dimensional measure which is real. The best 3D values correlation is obtained with the frontalis.
During six months, a study enclosing 418 patients from 15 to 60 years old, has been realised in nine dental offices of the Abidjan area. Self-medication has been found among 37.32 per cent of the patients. The most concerned medicines are no steroid inflammatories, analgesics and antibiotics. According to this study, the main reasons of the self-medication are the pain, the lack of money, the practice and the fear of the dental surgeon. The medicines are obtained at the chemist's or bought at the market or in the street. The results of the study are compared to others did in different specialities.
Despite significant progress in the last decades, endemic goiter remains a serious public health problem in the developing world, especially in Africa. Even in countries that have successfully reduced overall incidence to acceptable levels, endemic areas often remain. This persistence is due to the inadequacy of preventive measures and poor follow-up of control programs. The main etiologic factor in endemic goiter is inadequate dietary intake of iodine. This commonly occurs in communities depending exclusively on local produce grown on iodine-poor land, especially in mountain areas. Endemic goiter is epidemiologically associated with cretinism, deaf-mutism, and mental retardation. Even mild iodine deficiency leads to clinical hypothyroidism and moderate myxoedema with significantly reduced intellectual performance. Prevention of endemic goiter depends mainly on increasing the iodine intake of people in endemic areas. When iodine intake reaches the estimated adult minimum requirement (100 to 150 micrograms per day), the prevalence of goiter decreases. Two approaches have been used to increase iodine intake. The first consists of adding iodine to food staples such as table salt. The second consists of medical treatment using agents such as iodized oil. Iodization or iodination of salt is the most widespread and cost-effective method of prevention. Administration of iodized oil has been used only in severely endemic areas and in regions where reliable provision of iodinized salt is prevented by geographical barriers or political factors. However, iodized oil has been helpful in the start-up phase of prevention programs using iodized salt, either as an emergency measure or as a mean of convincing officials of the efficacy of iodine prophylaxis.
Complications of dental caries not treated and mal-treated are frequent in Africa (cellulitis, osteitis, etc...). Patients consult late due to effective automedication with anti-inflammatory agents but the continuing pathological process leading to fistulae, perforation and persistent pain are finally the reasons of consultation. We present a case of a young Ivorian student of 22 years we have received after one year of erratic treatment with a right jaw perforation.
Images processing is used today in some research area like robotic, teledetection and medicine. Images processing is not taught and applied enough. The reason of this situation depends on the cost of images processing equipment. To solve this hardware problem we had developed a running on images processing software which need only one personal computer. This software is used now by our team to do some research in medical images processing.
Since 1925, the work of BROADBENT and the invention of the cephalostat (in 5), radiographic cephalometry has enabled us to have a detailed knowledge of craniofacial structures, and to better understand the form of the skull. At the same time it enabled us to understand the maxillo-facial growth and dental maturation. However, they have given rise to many controversies because of magnifying power and distortions. The question posed by magnification is still debated, even if some authors have attempted to solve the problems brought forward by distortion effect which seem to neglect radiographic conical projection. This study aims to appreciate not only the magnifying and its distortion consequences but equally the effect of conical X ray. The authors make use of mathematical equations and attempt to bring forward a correction based on 3D projection.
Extraction of impacted inferior molars is becoming a frequent surgical intervention in Ivory Coast. Patients are mainly young adults who come for consultation due to difficult eruption of the impacted molars. They are often referred after attempted extraction by professional colleagues. Perioperative difficulties during, extraction of inferior molars depict. particular dental character of Negroid African: limited surgical sundries, perioperative haemorrhage, intraosseous anatomical relation with inferior dental nerve, corono-radicular morphology of the tooth.
In Africa, particularly in Ivory-Coast, dental patients present late with life threatening complications. The authors designed a questionnaire to be filled by each patient who presented with serious dental pathology whose only remedy was tooth extraction. Causes of late consultation including financial deprivation, fear of dentist, self medication are some of the factors identified by the authors as the most frequent factors. Dental health education and a comprehensive, social policy are advanced as possible ways of prevention.