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Biomedical subjects

P L Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to P L Hooper.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

A "thinking-in-action" approach to teaching clinical judgment: a classroom innovation for acute care advanced practice nurses.

The complexity of the evolving advanced practice nurse (APN) role demands new teaching strategies. Based on the challenges that clinicians face daily, we have developed a teaching-learning strategy that addresses five central issues: (a) learning to perceive or identify relevant clinical problems; (b) learning to address the limits of formalism by situating clinical problem solving according to the most relevant goals and intents; (c) learning to reason in transition about the particular clinical situation; (d) learning the ethical skill of problem engagement and interpersonal involvement; and (e) learning to take a stand as a responsible agent by making clinical judgments, acting on them, and advocating for the patient/family. Although these five central issues are typically excluded from classic academic approaches, they are addressed in the "Thinking-in-Action" approach. This teaching-learning strategy offers a different way of teaching clinical judgment that closely resembles the way in which expert nurses actually think and reason in patient situations as they unfold.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1994

Effects of Valsalva's manoeuvre on intraocular pressure.

We examined the effects of breath holding against a closed glottis (Valsalva's manoeuvre) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in four groups of volunteer subjects: 37 healthy young control subjects, 10 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, 11 age-matched control subjects and 8 glaucoma suspects. IOP was recorded by one person using a Digilab 30R/T Pneuma-Tonometer. Chart recordings of the IOP were measured independently by a second investigator. Recordings were taken before, during and 5 minutes after the seated subject exhaled into an aneroid manometer to a pressure of 25 to 35 cm H2O. There was marked variability in the individual responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre in all four groups, with substantial increases (to +9.5 mm Hg) and decreases (to -4.0 mm Hg) in IOP seen. The mean change in IOP during Valsalva's manoeuvre was a small, statistically insignificant decrease in all four groups. The mean change in IOP following Valsalva's manoeuvre was a larger, but still clinically small, decrease. The clinician should be aware of the individual variability in IOP changes with Valsalva's manoeuvre.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Trans-scleral neodymium: YAG retinal photocoagulation in rabbit eyes.

To assess the ability of trans-scleral application of the continuous-wave neodymium: YAG laser to produce retinal ablation with reproducible chorioretinal scars, retinal photocoagulation with the YAG laser was done in four Dutch-belted rabbits (eight eyes). Sharply defined, reproducible lesions were produced that were identical to those found following conventional treatment with the argon laser. At 0.2 J there was destruction of the outer retinal layers with sparing of the inner retinal layers. At 3.0 J full-thickness retinal reorganization was noted; however, even at this energy setting there was minimal histologic evidence of scleral damage. Focused laser energy produced distinctly more retinal destruction and obliteration of the retinal pigment epithelium than unfocused energy. The results suggest that trans-scleral photocoagulation with the YAG laser may be possible and would be particularly applicable in situations in which media opacities preclude visualization of the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Triple agent immunosuppression in serpiginous choroiditis.

Serpiginous choroidopathy is a progressive choroidal inflammatory disorder that typically has a variable saltatory course. Response to steroids is uncertain. By using azathioprine, cyclosporine, and prednisone in combination, the authors have observed rapid remission of active disease in five patients. Remissions have been maintained for periods up to 18 months. Because of the synergistic effects of this combination, doses could rapidly be reduced to maintenance levels without reactivation. Disease in two patients recurred immediately after discontinuation of low-dose therapy but was arrested when therapy resumed. Triple agent immunosuppressive therapy is well tolerated and appears to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Zinc ingestion and lipoprotein values in sedentary and endurance-trained men.

The finding that high doses (160 mg) of zinc lowered high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol prompted us to study the effect of low-dose zinc supplementation on lipoprotein values in sedentary and endurance-trained men. Twenty-one endurance-trained and 23 sedentary men received either placebo or 50 mg of zinc sulfate daily for eight weeks. Despite the fact that plasma zinc increased 15%, fasting plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels did not change in response to zinc ingestion. We conclude that low-dose zinc supplementation does not affect lipid or lipoprotein values in either endurance-trained or sedentary men.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vitamins, lipids and lipoproteins in a healthy elderly population.

Vitamin status may be related to serum lipid-lipoprotein levels. We tested this hypothesis in a group of 270 healthy elderly men and women over 60 years of age. Vitamin status was determined from dietary intakes and biochemical analysis of plasma. Fasting lipid profile included triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Correlations have been adjusted by partial correlation for age, physical activity, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. Neither vitamin E intake nor ascorbic acid intake nor ascorbic acid plasma levels correlated with any lipids measured. HDL-C levels did not correlate with any vitamin parameters. In men, vitamin A blood levels correlated with LDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. In women, total cholesterol levels correlated inversely with thiamine and riboflavin blood status and with dietary intake of vitamins B6, D, and niacin. LDL-C plasma values were also inversely correlated with both intake and plasma vitamin D levels and intakes of riboflavin and vitamin B12 in women.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and diet in a healthy elderly population.

This study examined how high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated with a 3-day food record of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol consumption in a group of 270 healthy subjects over age 60. HDL-C concentrations correlated with alcohol consumption (expressed as grams/day) (r = + .25, P less than .001), and inversely with total carbohydrate (r = - .18, P less than .01) and refined carbohydrate (r = - .17, P less than .01) ingestion (expressed as a percent of total caloric intake). Subjects consuming diets low in either total carbohydrate or refined carbohydrate had 10 to 20% higher HDL-C levels than did those consuming diets high in these food substances. The relationships between HDL-C levels and alcohol and carbohydrate ingestion were independent of other variables which correlated with HDL-C levels. Dietary fat (total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and cholesterol) did not correlate with HDL-C. LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not correlate with any dietary variable measured.

Aged↗