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Biomedical subjects

P L Matson

Publications and source records attributed to P L Matson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The value of the postcoital test in predicting the fertilization of human oocytes.

The relevance of the postcoital test (PCT) in relation to the fertilization rate of oocytes was determined in an analysis of 66 couples in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. The test is routinely performed in the workup of all IVF patients and is accurately timed to the immediate preovulatory period by daily hormonal, cervical mucus, and ultrasound monitoring. Cases demonstrating antispermatozoal antibodies in the serum of either partner, in cervical mucus, or in semen were excluded. There was no significant difference in the fertilization rate of oocytes whether the PCT result was negative, equivocal, or positive, and the finding was the same in both normospermic and oligospermic groups. It is concluded that the PCT is of no value in predicting the outcome of IVF and, conversely, IVF should be considered as a therapeutic option for couples with a negative PCT.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

The treatment of infertility associated with endometriosis by in vitro fertilization.

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was performed on women with tubal disease only (28 women, 40 cycles), endometriosis grade I (15 women, 24 cycles), grade II (25 women, 37 cycles), grade III (26 women, 36 cycles), or grade IV (31 women, 52 cycles). Rates of oocyte recovery and fertilization were not affected by the presence of endometriosis. Pregnancy rates per cycle were similar to that of the tubal group (18%) for women with grade I (13%) or grade II (14%) endometriosis, lower in women with grade III endometriosis (6%) and significantly reduced in women with grade IV (2%, P less than 0.05).

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1986

Oligospermic infertility treated by in-vitro fertilization.

A series of 451 couples receiving treatment in an IVF programme were classified according to the quality of semen produced by the male partner, and were regarded as either severely oligospermic (less than or equal to 5 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml X n = 29), moderately oligospermic (5.1 to 11.9 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml; n = 46) or normospermic (greater than or equal to 12 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml; n = 376). Despite similar insemination numbers, a significant reduction in the proportion of oocytes fertilized was seen when the normospermic group (1,314/1,815; 72%) was compared with the moderately oligospermic group (134/239; 56%) and the severely oligospermic group (57/190; 30%) and there was a progressive increase in the proportion of couples with total fertilization failure in the 3 groups (18/376, 5%; 10/46, 22%; 12/29, 41%) respectively. In addition, 10 couples with severe oligospermia chose to divide the oocytes collected for insemination by the husband and a donor. The fertilization rates achieved using the husband's spermatozoa (9/31; 23%) are significantly lower than with donor (26/35; 74%), despite similar insemination densities, suggesting a functional defect in the spermatozoa of oligospermic husbands. Nonetheless, the pregnancy rates following embryo transfer were similar for all groups, suggesting that once fertilization is achieved, all embryos have the same potential to result in a successful pregnancy.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1986

Use of immunobeads to detect human antispermatozoal antibodies.

Immunobeads for IgA, IgG and IgM were used in an indirect test (immunobead test: IBT) to detect human antispermatozoal antibodies, with positive results for at least one class of antibody being found in the serum of 13/169 (7.7%) men tested and 12/172 (6.9%) women. Of those men with antibodies present in serum, 100% had IgG, 62% had IgA and none had IgM, whilst the proportion for women was 75%, 100% and 33% respectively for each class of antibody. Antispermatozoal antibodies in men do not always appear both in semen and serum, but may be present in only one of the fluids tested for IgA (7/13 men; 53%) and IgG (6/14 men; 42.9%). The incidence of antibodies in the serum of oligospermic men was not significantly different from that of normospermic men (chi 2 = 0.06). A total of 481 serum and semen specimens were assayed by both the IBT and tray agglutination tests, and agreement between the two assays occurred in 97.3% (468/481) samples (P less than 0.001).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Heterotopic pregnancy from in vitro fertilization.

A case of heterotopic or combined intrauterine and tubal ectopic pregnancy is described following in vitro fertilization and the transfer of five four-cell embryos. The phenomenon is known to be related to ovarian stimulation by gonadotropin therapy, and there is an increased risk with underlying tubal disease. This patient had both variables. Techniques applied at the time of embryo transfer are also implicated, namely, the use of culture medium with 50% maternal serum to convey the embryos to the uterus, the catheterization method, and the position of the patient during transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Early luteal serum progesterone concentrations are higher in pregnancy cycles.

In a consecutive series of 167 patients reaching the stage of embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, 19 clinical pregnancies ensued. The serum progesterone (P) levels were significantly greater on the first and second (P less than 0.01) and third (P less than 0.05) postaspiration days for those who conceived. Higher circulating levels of P were achieved on days 1, 2, and 3 (P less than 0.05) by the daily injection of P, 50 mg in oil, given for 5 consecutive days, beginning immediately after follicle aspiration. Both pregnancy and nonpregnancy cycles demonstrated high circulating P levels, but the study implies that relatively higher levels are required for conception, and such levels can be achieved by the use of intramuscular P.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Clinical evaluation of the heterologous oocyte penetration (HOP) test.

The heterologous oocyte penetration (HOP) test, using zona-free hamster oocytes, was used to assess the fertilising capacity of human spermatozoa. There was good correlation between the ability of ejaculated spermatozoa to penetrate the zona-free hamster oocytes and intact human oocytes. Using epididymal spermatozoa, the HOP test results showed that the ability to penetrate oocytes was acquired during their passage through the epididymis. Applied clinically, the HOP test enables a group of infertile men to be identified with a functional defect of their spermatozoa; these men may not be identified at routine seminal fluid analysis. Men with two negative HOP test results were confirmed as being infertile since their wives, if normal, conceived rapidly when donor spermatozoa were artificially inseminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effects of frequent ejaculation on seminal spermatozoal number and calculation of daily spermatozoal output.

Spermatozoal depletion of the extra-gonadal reserve (EGR) has been monitored in 14 men by analysing ejaculates collected daily for 5 days. It has been concluded that EGR is stabilized within 2 days and that an estimate of daily spermatozoal output can be obtained either by averaging the values from days 3 to 5 or by using the day 5 value alone. This latter parameter may prove useful clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Association between infertility following reversal of vasectomy and the presence of sperm agglutinating activity in semen.

A statistically significant association between infertility, following reversal of vasectomy, and the presence of sperm agglutinating activity in post-operative semen samples has been demonstrated in a retrospective study. Sperm agglutinating activity was measured using a microtitration assay, and the number of positive samples rose from 3/78 (4%) pre-operatively, to 34/134 (25%) post-operatively. High titres (greater than or equal to 1:32) of agglutinating activity were observed only when viable sperm were present in the ejaculate. Positive semen titres were obtained only when parallel serum samples were positive at titres of greater than or equal to 1:256. Conception only occurred in the partner of one man whose seminal plasma contained agglutinating activity, but 22/34 (65%) of the men whose semen lacked such activity were fertile.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Effect of LH on steroidogenesis by hamster follicles isolated at defined stages of development.

Multiple follicular growth was stimulated in groups of immature female hamsters by the administration of PMSG. The ovaries were removed 72-78 or 96-102 h later. The animals at 96-102 h were subdivided according to whether the concentration of plasma progesterone was within the range of the concentrations found at the previous period (0.45-13.18 nmol/l; Group I) or above (Group II). Thecal and granulosa cells from batches of isolated follicles (591-740 micron) were cultured together in the presence or absence of LH and the products of steroidogenesis were measured in the culture fluid. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the production of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in follicles from Groups I and II at 96-102 h. In the presence of LH there was a significant increase in the yield of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone over the control values at all time periods. There were, however, reductions in the yields of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione in the presence of LH at 96-102 h compared with 72-78 h and in Group II compared with Group I, although the concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were approximately 40-fold those of androstenedione. In addition, the production of oestradiol decreased significantly in follicles from both groups at 96-102 h and was reduced further in the presence of LH. It is concluded that the major rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis in hamster follicles undergoing the oestrogen-progestagen shift involves the side-chain cleavage of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1984

Aromatase activity in ovarian follicles of the golden hamster.

The aromatizing ability of recombined granulosa and thecal cells in culture, isolated from hamsters 72-78 h and 96-102 h after PMSG-stimulation, was assessed by the addition to the culture medium of androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and measuring the output of oestradiol 4 h later. The cells from all follicles taken after 96-102 h had a reduced oestradiol output compared to those isolated after 72-78 h (P less than 0.02). Recombined cells from the unluteinized follicles at 96-102 h (Group I) showed similar oestradiol output in the presence of androstenedione, testosterone and DHEA to the cells from follicles taken at 72-78 h. However, the recombined cells from the luteinized follicles (Group II) showed a reduced output of oestradiol in the presence of androstenedione, testosterone and DHEA when compared to the recombined cells from the previous period cultured with the corresponding C19 steroid. The results show that a reduced oestradiol output can be caused by (1) the reduced availability of aromatizable substrate and (2) a reduced potential aromatase activity.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1981

Dissociation of oocyte maturation and ovulation in mice pretreated with a derivative of dihydropyridazinone.

Treatment of mice with a dihydropyridazinone derivative (6-(4'-aminophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methylpyridazin-3-one; ICI 109,081) inhibited the maturation of oocytes in the presence of gonadotrophins without affecting ovulation. The spontaneous resumption of meiosis in oocytes cultured in vitro was reversibly inhibited. ICI 109,081 may therefore be useful for evaluating the relationship between follicular development and the resumption of meiosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of infertility etiology on the outcome of IVF-ET and GIFT treatments.

The present report examines retrospectively the success rates of both in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) in relation to the underlying infertility disorder. Reduced fertilization rates were seen when the male partner was oligospermic or had both IgA and IgG in his semen, or the female partner had elevated LH concentrations during the follicular phase. In IVF-ET, the chance of pregnancy was reduced in women with elevated LH concentrations or endometriosis. Pregnancy rates for patients treated in the GIFT program were significantly better (P less than .001) than for those treated by IVF-ET. Of special interest was the finding of an improved chance of pregnancy for patients with severe endometriosis treated by GIFT (P less than .001). With oligospermia, pregnancies were only achieved in the GIFT program when the insemination number was increased. The pregnancy outcome was similar in both programs, with approximately 70% of pregnancies delivering beyond 20 weeks' gestation. However, there was a high rate of ectopic pregnancy, particularly in cases with underlying tubal disease. These findings have led to revised guidelines for the accurate counseling of patients, and provide further insight into the possible mechanism of various disorders contributing to infertility.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The optimization of laparoscopic oocyte recovery.

Although there is an increasing trend to ultrasound-guided techniques of oocyte recovery, the laparoscopic method has had a traditional role which will continue to be applied in many circumstances. The optimization of oocyte recovery is dependent upon timing factors (inducing the surge at the appropriate stage of follicle maturation); the instrumentation (a dual-lumen needle which allows for continuous flushing is optimal); and improving the accessibility of the ovaries using preliminary pelvic adhesiolysis to create improved access.

Embryo Transfer↗