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Biomedical subjects

P L Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to P L Sanders.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Stroke education by utility bill inserts.

To assess the usefulness of utility bill inserts in stroke education, a stroke fact sheet was included in the bills of 13,000 customers of a rural electric cooperative in eastern Arkansas. Recipients were asked to return their responses to four questions based on the fact sheet via a postage-paid postcard. Two hundred eleven people responded, for an overall 1.65% response rate. Seventy-seven percent responded correctly with all four "S" stroke symptoms. Hypertension was correctly identified by 88% and smoking by 72%. Fifty-seven percent said they would immediately dial 911 at the onset of symptoms, while 36% said they would contact their doctor.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1996

Pattern of denervation in clinically uninvolved limbs in patients with prior poliomyelitis.

In most cases of poliomyelitis, motor neuron death is extensive. In mild cases primarily involving one limb, the pattern of neuron death has not been fully determined. Nine mildly affected patients were studied systematically for electrophysiologic evidence of denervation by sampling one muscle in each limb. Fiber density was found to be increased in all but one muscle. Needle electromyography and turns and amplitude plots of the interference pattern were abnormal in all muscles in weak limbs and the majority of muscles in unaffected limbs. Turns: amplitude ratios were lower in muscles in weak limbs and greater in muscles in unaffected limbs in a pattern suggesting a horizontal gradation of motor neuron death across the spinal cord. This may be attributed to axonal transport of the virus. The horizontal pattern of sub clinical involvement in mild cases of poliomyelitis was compared and found to be similar to reported patterns of progression of limb weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type motor neuron disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of 12 milligrams of trimethoprim and 60 milligrams of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight per day in healthy volunteers.

The disposition of 12 mg of trimethoprim and 60 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kg of body weight in six healthy male volunteers is described. The daily dose was evenly divided and administered orally every 6 h for 13 consecutive doses. Individual drug components were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Steady-state concentrations in serum for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were within the purported therapeutic ranges for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Co-trimoxazole was well tolerated, and no subject withdrew from the study because of toxicity. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters in this study with those of our previous findings indicates that the elimination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole follows a first-order process within the dose ranges assessed. Administration of 15- to 20-mg/kg trimethoprim and 75- to 100-mg/kg sulfamethoxazole in four evenly divided doses for the first 24 h followed by 12 and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively, for the remainder of therapy rapidly attains concentrations in serum within the proposed P. carinii pneumonia therapeutic range. Clinical trials are indicated to evaluate this dosing scheme, which may decrease exposure to potentially excessive concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Acupuncture and herbal treatment of HIV infection.

The validity of TCM remains controversial in the Western culture. Nonetheless, the value of these adjunctive and complementary therapies in treatment of HIV will continue to gain attention as clients experience its benefit. Nurses have the opportunity to validate and educate clients in their search for useful therapies. For nurses counseling and administering care to HIV-infected clients, knowledge of TCM can be useful. TCM offers another view of illness, health, and treatment that can improve the quality of life for our clients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disposition of tirilazad (U74006F), a 21-aminosteroid, in the plasma, heart, brain, and liver of the rat.

Tirilazad mesylate (Freedox, Upjohn) is the first agent of a new class of compounds called lazaroids currently under clinical investigation for its potential beneficial effects following neurotrauma. Tirilazad's therapeutic effect is due to its ability to inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the basic pharmacokinetics and distribution of tirilazad into the brain, heart, and liver. Rats (N = 50) were killed in groups of five at 0, 10, 20, and 40 min, and at 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hr after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg of tirilazad mesylate. Tirilazad was assayed in plasma, heart, liver, and brain tissue by HPLC. Using the mean concentrations at each time point, pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using standard noncompartmental techniques and statistical moment theory. Tirilazad was rapidly eliminated from the plasma with a half-life of 2.4 hr and clearance of 6.1 ml/min. The volume of distribution at steady-state was large, 4.8 liters/kg. The concentrations of tirilazad were highest in the liver and heart and lowest in the plasma and brain. Elimination from tissues paralleled elimination from plasma with half-lives of 1.9, 1.6, and 1.5 hr in the brain, heart, and liver, respectively. Tirilazad appears to be a highly extracted, hepatically eliminated drug, suggesting its clearance is dependent on liver blood flow, and alterations in plasma protein binding are unlikely to affect its clearance but may affect the fraction unbound.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole pharmacokinetics in trauma patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in trauma patients and to compare these parameter estimates with those obtained in nontrauma patients. DESIGN: Open-label, multidose, pharmacokinetic study. SETTING: Trauma intensive care unit of a level 1 trauma center located within a regional medical center. PATIENTS: Fifteen adult trauma patients with serious gram-negative infections. All patients were studied on day 1 of treatment, nine on day 3, three on day 5, and two on day 7. One patient was discontinued from the study because of a possible drug-induced rash. INTERVENTIONS: Study patients received TMP 4 mg/kg and SMX 20 mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours. Serial blood sampling was performed up to 4 times per patient between treatment days 1 and 7. Serum was assayed for TMP-SMX using high-performance liquid chromatography. A one-compartment model was fit to the data using maximum likelihood estimation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean (SD) baseline parameter estimates for TMP were volume 2.1 (0.65) L/kg, half-life 9.7 (3.0) hours, and clearance 2.6 (0.80) ml/min/kg. Estimates for SMX were volume 0.51 (0.10) L/kg, half-life 7.8 (2.0) hours, and clearance 0.80 (0.29) ml/min/kg. Both volume (p < 0.01) and clearance (p < 0.001) for SMX were significantly higher and half-life (p < 0.05) significantly shorter than previously reported estimates in nontrauma patients. No significant differences in TMP parameter estimates were found. Neither TMP nor SMX clearance was significantly correlated with estimated creatinine clearance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of SMX in trauma patients differ significantly from nontrauma patients, which may result in lower than expected concentrations using standard dosing guidelines.

Accidents↗