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Biomedical subjects

P L Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to P L Sharma.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetic study of a new sustained release preparation of propranolol in normal healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of a sustained release (SR) propranolol (Betalong) were compared with conventional propranolol (Inderal) after single and multiple dosing in 8 normal healthy volunteers. The study was designed in a crossover fashion. SR propranolol 80 mg in a single dose maintained the plasma concentration of propranolol above the minimum therapeutic concentration up to 25 h. The steady-state propranolol concentration after 80 mg conventional propranolol twice daily and SR propranolol 80 mg daily was almost similar. The results indicate that Betalong (SR propranolol) satisfies the pharmacokinetic criteria expected of a sustained release preparation of propranolol and may be useful in single daily dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Drug use in dermatology.

Prescription of drugs was studied for 197 outpatients and 93 inpatients seeking treatment under the specialized services of the Dermatology Department of the Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, (PGIMER) Chandigarh. Disease patterns in both settings and drugs prescribed for them were analyzed from prescriptions, retrospectively. Brand drugs were prescribed to the tune of 60-65%, in both settings, some lacunae in prescription are discussed.

Drug Utilization↗
PubMed1988

Control of massive vesical hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis with intravesical instillation of 15 (s) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha.

Intravesical instillation of 15 (s) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha (1 mg in 100 ml of normal saline on days 1 and 2, and 0.5 mg in 50 ml of normal saline on days 3 and 4) controlled massive vesical hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis in a 60-year female with carcinoma of uterine cervix. With the 1 mg dose, she developed severe bladder spasms and mild fever. No cardiac or respiratory side effect was observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Drug usage in chest diseases.

A survey of prescribing trends was carried out on 70 admitted patients and 210 outpatients presenting themselves for treatment at the chest disease unit of the Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Drug usage was found to be very rational and scientific, other findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparative effects of beta-, alpha- and combined beta- plus alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents in stress-induced increase in arterial blood pressure.

Comparative efficacy of cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocker (atenolol), non cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocker (propranolol), alpha-adrenoceptor blocker (prazosin) and combined alpha plus beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent (labetalol) on cold stress and hand grip exercise-induced increase in arterial blood pressure and heart rate was studied in 7 healthy volunteers. The design of the trial was controlled, randomized, double blind and crossover. All the 4 drugs produced a fall in both supine and sitting systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure. Basal heart rate was reduced by propranolol and atenolol whereas prazosin and labetalol did not produce any change. The increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure induced by cold stress was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced by labetalol, prazosin and atenolol in the decreasing order of efficacy. The increase in systolic blood pressure due to hand grip exercise was reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) by all the 4 drugs and the most effective drug was labetalol. However, the increase in diastolic blood pressure due to hand grip exercise was not reduced significantly by any of the drugs. Therefore, combined alpha and beta-receptor antagonist is more effective in reducing the spikes of blood pressure rise due to these stressful conditions as compared to pure alpha or beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of hexapneumine and clistine as antitussive agents.

The efficacy and safety of a new antitussive expectorant drug hexapneumine was compared with that of an already marketed and functionally related clistine in a double-blind, randomized, parallel design clinical trial. A total of 100 patients with cough associated with chest diseases participated in the trial. Five patients (hexapneumine 3 and clistine 2) were lost to follow-up. Ninety-five patients (hexapneumine 46, clistine 49) completed the trial. Hexapneumine was significantly more effective (p less than 0.02) than clistine in suppressing cough as recorded from the patient's subjective improvement in the severity of the symptom. The side-effects observed were mild in nature and did not require reduction in dosage or withdrawal of the drug in any of the patients. Drowsiness and dryness of mouth were the predominant side-effects and were relatively more common in the clistine group as compared to hexapneumine. In the experimentally induced cough in 8 healthy human volunteers subjected to crossover design of study at weekly interval, hexapneumine and clistine were equally effective in suppressing cough. It is concluded that hexapneumine is a more effective antitussive as compared to clistine in naturally occurring cough. However, in experimentally induced cough the two drugs were equally effective. Hexapneumine exhibited relatively fewer side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial of metoprolol and propranolol in mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Thirty-two patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension completed this double-blind cross-over clinical trial of propranolol and metoprolol. Metoprolol was found to be as effective and safe as propranolol in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both supine and standing positions. The mean fall in blood pressure was greater in the group which received metoprolol as the first treatment, as compared to the group which received propranolol as the first treatment. The side-effects produced by both drugs were mild and did not require discontinuation of therapy except for 2 patients who were on metoprolol. One patient who was controlled diabetic developed severe weakness and the other patient developed bronchospasm. Metoprolol did not produce any central nervous system related side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Drug utilization studies in cardiology.

A study was carried out to assess the prescribing trends in the cardiology services of the Nehru Hospital attached to PGIMER, Chandigarh. Prescriptions of 45 inpatients and 62 outpatients were audited under the heads of number of drugs prescribed, generic versus trade name, choice of drug, its dosage, inter-dose intervals, duration and choice of dosage form. High scientific standards of prescribing were noted. Some minor lacunae observed, are discussed.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1987

Drug utilization studies in internal medicine.

An appraisal of the prescribing trends in the outpatients and inpatients, was done in the Department of Internal Medicine of Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh. Prescriptions of 162 outpatients and 78 inpatients were audited under heads of total number of drugs prescribed, proprietary/nonproprietary drug prescribing; choice of drug, its dosage, dosage form, interdosage interval and duration of prescription. Good standards of scientific therapeutics were found in general. Some lacunae are discussed.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1987

Differential effect of some antiarrhythmic drugs in right- or left-sided aconitine-induced experimental atrial arrhythmias.

The differential effect of different antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine, propranolol, verapamil and sotalol was studied on right- and left-sided aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmias in dogs. In control experiments the time required for the reversion of right aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm was higher as compared to left-sided aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmias. All the drugs studied were effective in reverting atrial arrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm, and doses required for suppression of the right atrial arrhythmias as compared to the left atrial arrhythmias were significantly higher in the case of quinidine, sotalol and verapamil, but not in the case of propranolol. The differential antiarrhythmic effect of these drugs in atrial arrhythmias is discussed.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1986

Comparative effect of propranolol and labetalol on isometric exercise and cold stress induced increase in arterial blood pressure.

The effect of propranolol and labetalol on cold stress and isometric exercise induced rise of blood pressure was studied in 7 patients with essential hypertension and 14 normal volunteers in a controlled, double blind, randomized, cross-over trial design. The subjects received either propranolol (40 mg) or labetalol (100 mg) orally after breakfast. In patients of mild to moderate essential hypertension, labetalol reduced significantly both systolic as well as diastolic rise of blood pressure induced by both types of exercises. Propranolol only reduced the rise of systolic blood pressure significantly. In normotensive subjects, labetalol reduced significantly the rise in systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure induced by cold stress, but not by the isometric exercise, while propranolol only reduced significantly the rise in systolic blood pressure induced by both the tests. The rise in heart rate was more with isometric exercise than with cold stress both in hypertensive patients and control subjects. The heart rate rise was significantly reduced by propranolol in all the experiments except for the rise induced by cold stress in hypertensive patients. The changes in heart rate produced by labetalol were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Low-dose captopril alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.

In this open, titrated dose clinical trial, captopril, when used in small doses (up to 150 mg daily) for 8 weeks (n = 5) and 4 months (n = 13) in patients suffering from mild to moderate essential hypertension, produced a fall in blood pressure both systolic and diastolic. The end point viz. supine diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or less was reached in 6 out of 18 patients with captopril alone and in another 4 patients after the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg to 50 mg daily). In 4 more patients, a good response was observed but the end point was not reached. The response was fair in 1 and poor in 3 remaining patients. The side effects produced were only mild in nature and did not require any change in dosage schedule. No significant changes were produced in serum electrolytes, creatinine and blood counts.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tolbutamide kinetics in cigarette smokers in the Indian population.

A single oral dose of 500 mg tolbutamide was administered to 9 chronic cigarette smokers and 8 healthy matched control volunteers. Plasma tolbutamide half-life (t1/2 B) was shortened in cigarette smokers as compared to the nonsmokers, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). However, the area under the plasma concentration (AUC O----x) and peak concentration (Cmax) were reduced significantly in smokers. Concern over enhanced metabolism of several drugs is probably warranted in cigarette smokers.

Adult↗