Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P L Wilson.
We present the case of a man who presented with headache and severe papilloedema which was caused not by chronic intracranial hypertension but by paroxysms of raised intracranial pressure, and we speculate what relationship this disorder has to idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
The mapping, sequencing, and analysis of the human genome that has occurred during the last decade through the Human Genome Project are providing fundamental advances for basic science and medicine. Genomic information is providing insights into causes of, susceptibility to, and protection from cancer and a host of other diseases. Already, information generated by the Human Genome Project has been incorporated into the care of cancer patients. Perhaps more so than other types of medical information, genetic knowledge can have profound implications for individuals, families, and society. As a result, nursing professionals in clinical and academic settings are being called upon to identify and deliberate medical, social, ethical, and legal issues stemming from Human Genome Project advancements. The purpose of this article is to review the goals and implications of the Human Genome Project to further prepare cancer nurses to actively participate in the deliberations, research, and clinical activities evolving from the Human Genome Project.
BACKGROUND: This is a longitudinal analysis of the data from women who visited the Osteoporosis Prevention Center for at least five years. The study is part of an ongoing evaluation of the results of the Center visits. METHODS: A random sample of 100 women who had attended the clinic for more than five years and were not referred for a definite medical diagnosis was pulled from the records. Descriptive statistics were compiled on this sample. Seventy-five women were postmenopausal and over 49 years of age. This subgroup was studied for change in bone mineral density (BMD) over the five years. RESULTS: The BMD change was 0.03 gm/cm2 in the spine, -0.01 gm/cm2 in the femoral-neck. and -0.008 gm/cm2 at the radius over the five years. CONCLUSION: Attendance at the Osteoporosis Prevention Center was associated with maintenance of bone density in the spine over a five-year period.
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Cerumen management is now within the scope of practice for audiologists. This paper describes the knowledge and skills required to perform cerumen management safely and effectively. Procedures for mechanical removal, suction, and irrigation are provided.
Research shows that osteoporotic fractures all too often cause an irreversible decline in the quality of life. To help these patients, here's what you need to know about primary and secondary prevention.
Tumor proliferative fraction (TPF) has been shown to correlate with prognosis in some malignancies. A method for its determination that is practical, accurate, and reproducible is still being sought. In this comparative study of techniques, TPF values were determined in mirror-image samples of 126 consecutive solid malignant neoplasms using flow cytometry and immunostaining with Ki-67, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an unknown nuclear antigen expressed during the entire cell proliferation cycle but not in resting cells. The mean TPF values for all cases were 19.5 +/- 15.6% (percentage of tumor cells stained) by Ki-67 (range, 1-86%) and 15.7 +/- 9.6% (S + G2M) by flow cytometry (range, 3-60%), which correlated significantly at r = 0.53 and P = 0.005. The correlation was less strong in tumors with low S-phase values (less than or equal to 10%, r = 0.28) than in tumors with intermediate and high S-phase values (r = 0.66). Ki-67 staining percentages did not correlate with patient age, sex, or tissue origin of the tumor. Ki-67 staining appears comparable to flow cytometry determination of TPF in solid malignancies with intermediate and high S-phase values. In tumors with low S-phase values, Ki-67 immunostaining shows higher TPF values, which perhaps reflect an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells or dilutional effect of nonneoplastic cells in the tumors with low proliferative fraction.
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Five hundred consecutive births in which continuous lumbar epidural block was used for analgesia were reviewed retrospectively. We wished to evaluate the safety and practicality of this anesthetic technic as done by practicing obstetricians in a predominantly private practice. Although many of the results confirmed those of previous studies, the most important findings were than the cesarean section rate was no higher than in the total obstetric population during the study period and that there was a high incidence of forceps usage in patients who had epidural analgesia. There was no maternal mortality, low maternal morbidity, and complications were not serious. Perinatal morbidity was not increased despite the high incidence of forceps deliveries. Continuous lumbar epidural analgesia was shown to be an effective and safe anesthetic technic for use by practicing obstetricians.
The role of autochthonous peritoneal feline macrophages (M theta) in the age-related resistance of cats to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was investigated by a study of the functional properties and FeLV susceptibility of M theta from kittens and adult cats and the effect of hydrocortisone (HC) and silica on M theta-FeLV interactions. Although the phagocytic functions of isolated M theta from kittens and adults were equivalent, the mean FeLV susceptibility of M theta from kittens was five times that of M theta from adult cats, thus establishing a direct correlation between the age-related susceptibility of cats and M theta from cats to FeLV. M theta of viremic cats were found to be infected with FeLV in vivo; virus titers were slightly higher than those obtained after in vitro infection of M theta, M theta from cats that had experienced regressive FeLV infection were not significantly more resistant to FeLV infection in vitro than were M theta from naive adult specific-pathogen-free cats. HC, which has been shown to enhance the in vivo FeLV susceptibility of cats, also enhanced the permissiveness of M theta from cats to FeLV in vitro (600-fold for M theta from adult cats and 200-fold for M theta) from kittens. M theta permissiveness to FeLV was highly sensitive to HC and occurred in M theta infected in vivo or in vitro. In parallel with the effect of HC on the natural resistance of cats to FeLV, administration of silica before virus inoculation also markedly enhanced the FeLV susceptibility of adult cats. Silica was toxic for isolated M theta but not for lymphocytes in vitro, and silica produced monocytopenia and neutrophilia, delayed skin allograft rejection, and augmented feline oncovirus-associated cell membrane antigen antibody responses in vivo. These experiments indicate that M theta were linked to the natural resistance of cats to FeLV and that the temporary elimination of M theta functions (e.g., by silica) and/or the conversion of the M theta-FeLV relationship from a nonpermissive to a permissive state (e.g., by corticosteroids) resulted in failure of early virus containment, in persistent virus amplification in hemolymphatic tissues, and in subsequent FeLV-related proliferative or antiproliferative disease.
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