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Biomedical subjects

P Lagrange

Publications and source records attributed to P Lagrange.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Role of human immunodeficiency virus infection in 67 patients with tuberculosis].

This retrospective study compared the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological characteristics of tuberculosis in HIV-infected (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) patients in France. It included 67 cases of tuberculosis observed in the hospital setting between 1985 and 1990. The 35 HIV+ patients (52.2%) were more frequently of European origin, while those of African origin were HIV-. Disseminated tuberculosis predominated in HIV+ patients, as opposed to pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV- patients. The tuberculin test was more often positive in HIV- patients than in HIV+ ones (65.6 versus 17.1%; p < 0.001). Direct bacteriological examination of the sputum was positive more frequently in HIV- than HIV+ patients (56.2 versus 22.8%; p < 0.01). A high percentage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from HIV+ patients (20%) was resistant to anti-tuberculous drugs, primarily isoniazid, while no resistance was found in HIV- patients. The initial response to treatment and the therapy-associated side effects did not differ between the two groups. Four relapses (11.4%) occurred in HIV+ patients, raising the question of the indication of drug prophylaxis following tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Exercise echocardiography in coronary disease].

Exercise echocardiography is a new method used in the investigation of coronary disease. It evaluates the repercussions on regional contractile function of the increase in oxygen consumption induced by physical exercise. It makes it possible to analyse in real time not only the amplitude of endocardial displacement, but also that of parietal thickening and thereby seems to be more precise than conventional ergonomic tests in the diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia. Its recent development owes much to the advent of digital technologies which make it easier and more accurate to interpret the changes observed in left ventricular regional kinetics by comparing the data at rest with those recorded at peak physical effort. When associated with an equally non-invasive ergometric test it is well accepted by the patients. Another of its advantages is its moderate cost. Echocardiographists must devote as much time as necessary to training. Training is indispensable to rapidly capture the images, particularly during efforts, and to reliably interpret the variations observed in left ventricular wall contraction. Exercise echocardiography is still under evaluation. Experience is lacking for the cardiologist to choose, only on its results, the most appropriate treatment for each individual patient, but its help will be appreciated in some difficult therapeutic decisions. Behind this phase of training for, and evaluating this technique several of its main clinical indications can already be outlined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of frequency of DR3 allele in rapidly evolutive forms of Crohn disease in adults; comparison with the occurrence of this allele in slowly evolutive forms and in the normal population].

This communication reports 1. the frequency of the DR3 allele among 86 patients exhibiting various evolutive courses of Crohn's disease (CD), diagnosed in the same hospital in Alsace, France, hospitalized at least once between 1964 and 1986 and followed for at least 1 year, 2. the frequency of the DR3 allele among a control population in the same area: 126 volunteers donors of bone marrow. The definition of the evolutive course was similar to the one published by Binder et al.: slow course (including: intermittent: "occurrence of symptom-free period(s) of at least one month's duration excluding period where the patient was in steroid treatment"; and inactive: "completely free of bowel symptoms during the year") as opposed to continuous evolution: "without symptom-free periods". The DR3 allele determination was established by classical serologic analysis. 26 patients were found with the DR3 allele; 14 belonged to the slow course group, 12 to the continuous evolution group; 60 patients did not exhibit the DR3 allele: 50 in the slow course group, 10 in the continuous evolution group. chi 2 = 8.28; p = 0.004. Therefore the frequency of the DR3 allele was very significantly higher in the group with the continuous course (55%) than in the slow course group (22%). Similarly the frequency of the DR3 allele in the group with the continuous course (12/22: 55%) was significantly higher than in the group of control subjects (34/126: 28%) chi 2 = 6.64; p = 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of suramin on the immune responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. I. In vivo studies.

The effect of Suramin on the cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and the humoral immune responses elicited in mice by sheep erythrocytes was studied. The results show that administration of Suramin, at various times before or after antigenic sensitization, results in a profound inhibition of cell-mediated responses but has no adverse effect on antibody production. Suramin was particularly effective when given during the effector phase of DTH: mice which were treated with this drug, 4 days after immunization, at the time of skin testing, exhibit negative or low DTH responses compared to control mice. Evidence is presented that this short-term Suramin-induced suppressive effect on the expression of DTH is related to a defective recruitment, by sensitized T lymphocytes, of phagocytic cells at the site of the inflammatory reaction. In addition, when treatment with Suramin precedes by 8 days (Day -8) or by 1 hr sensitization with sheep erythrocytes for DTH, decreased DTH reactions over controls were observed. The inhibitory effect exerted by Suramin administered on Day -8 can be reversed by increasing the dose, from 10(6) to 10(8) sheep erythrocytes, of the sensitizing antigen. The possibility is discussed that, in this case, Suramin may interfere with the generation of DTH-mediating cells through a rapid degradation of antigen related to the Suramin-induced hyperplasia of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In contrast, DTH anergy in mice treated with Suramin 1 hr before sensitization is maintained regardless of the sensitizing antigen dose. Analysis of the sensitized lymphocyte population in these mice indicates that Suramin does not prevent the induction of DTH-mediating cells and suggests that the expression of these latter is inhibited by suppressive cells which are generated as a result of drug treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of suramin on the immune responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. II. In vitro studies.

The effect of Suramin on the secondary in vitro response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was studied. Spleen cells from mice which were treated with Suramin immediately prior to sensitization with SRBC failed to respond to an in vitro SRBC challenge. This Suramin-induced immunosuppression is not related to a defect in macrophage or B-cell function(s). Suramin does not interfere with the induction by SRBC of radioresistant and radiosensitive helper-T-cell subpopulations. Cell separation studies, using wheat germ agglutinin, showed radiosensitive helper-T-cell function in the nonagglutinated fraction while the radioresistant helper activities are carried out by the agglutinated subpopulation. Evidence is presented that Suramin administration results in a suppressive T-cell activity which can be demonstrated in the subpopulation agglutinated by wheat germ agglutinin. The role of such suppressive T cells in the inhibitory effect exerted by Suramin on the cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity response to SRBC is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Septicemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O 16 in a hemato-oncology department. Review of 17 cases].

Seventeen cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O 16 septicaemia in patients with immune deficiencies are reported. All patients had a poor prognosis from the onset because of the advanced stage of their illness, the particular clinical form of their disease or because of the confirmed inefficacy of their anti-leukaemic chemotherapy. The neutrophil leukocyte count was less than 0.5 X 10(9)/l in all cases and 13 patients had also received wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy for at least 15 days. The septicaemia was accompanied by pelvic sepsis in 6 cases. The prognosis was very poor and 12 patients died rapidly in a state of shock. P. aeruginosa was an infrequent cause of infection during the 31 months period of observation but the O 16 serotype was the commonest in our department. The source of contamination seemed to be a chronic carrier state. P. aeruginosa is resistant to most of the antibiotics which would be expected to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Antibiotic sensitivity test. Comparative multicenter study of the gel diffusion and ATB methods].

The ATB method is a new method for antibiotic susceptibility testing. In a collaborative study, it was compared to a standard disc diffusion method. 23 strains were tested to determine reproducibility and 969 strains were used in the comparative study. Reproducibility of both methods is equivalent; differences due to strains were observed. Agreement between both methods is 87,9%, minor discrepancies are 8,7% and major discrepancies are 3,3%. Significant differences were found for carbenicillin and cefalotin and confirmed by MIC determination using the agar dilution method. Overall results show that the ATB method is reliable and comparable to disc diffusion for routine susceptibility testing.

Automation↗
PubMed1979

Stopped-flow determination of the active form of acetaldehyde in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction.

A stopped-flow spectrophotometer was modified so that the volumes to be mixed were in a ratio of 1:50. Using this instrument, we have shown that the effective substrate in the reduction of acetaldehyde catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was the carbonyl form of acetaldehyde and that the enzyme does not catalyze the dehydration of the hydrated form of acetaldehyde. Unlike trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, which is a competitive inhibitor with respect to ethanol, acetaldehyde hydrate did not inhibit the enzymatic reaction at concentrations as high as 60 mM.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1978

Human infections caused by thiamine- or menadione-requiring Staphylococcus aureus.

Stable dwarf forms of Staphylococcus aureus have been identified in clinical specimens as the sole or predominant isolate in eight cases. These organisms have been shown to be menadione or thiamine dependent, i.e., cultivation in the presence of one of these agents has permitted growth of colonies which appear typical of S. aureus. In vitro resistance to aminoglycosides was overcome by cultivation in the presence of menadione or thiamine. Menadione- or thiamine-requiring S. aureus can be considered as causative agents in severe human infections. Special care must be taken if they are to be identified in pathological specimens. Their antibiotic sensitivity testing should be done comparatively on supplemented and nonsupplemented media.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1978

Renal transplantation and viral infections. III. Clinical and virological correlations.

Studies of the serological development after 26 renal transplants confirm the high frequency of antibody rises not only against the herpes virus group, but also against other virus groups such as measles, Coxsackie B viruses. These antibody rises correlate with febrile episodes and hepatic dysfunction in which CMV is the most often involved. However, the frequency of antibody rises against various viral antigens without any clinical event to suggest viral etiology; the lack of concomitant virus isolation (except the herpes group), as well as the ocurrence of simultaneous antibody rises against several viruses, all suggest that some of these various antibody rises observed may be related to immunological dysfunction rather than to virus infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Potency and suppurative adenitis in BCG vaccination.

Studies performed up to now in animal and man show that potent BCG strains guarantee a higher protection against tuberculosis than strains with weak virulence. Vaccine prepared from a strong BCG strain may be administered in lower doses, reducing the incidence of suppurative adenitis to a level acceptable by the individual patients and the health authorities.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1976

[Regulation mechanisms of the activity of T lymphocytes : applications to infective and tumoral pathology. II. -- BCG and immuno-stimulation (author's transl)].

The inhibition of activated T cells by products of the humoral immune response is almost abolished in mice previously infected by BCG. As a result, these mice develop very high levels of DTH in response to doses of SRBC which cause complete suppression in normal mice. This systemic effect of BCG is dose, strain and time dependent and lasts for about three weeks. Its main effect is to inhibition of T cells by the products of the humoral. BCG infected mice develop increased levels of DTH associated with augmented antibody production, in contrast to the T cell potentiating effects of CY, which depend on a diminished production of antibodies. Since BCG and CY act in different ways, their effects are additive. Very remarkable levels of DTH are achieved when they are used in combination, in normal mice. These two agents together can also restore cell mediated immunity completely, but a further antigenic stimulus is needed to reestablish DTH in mice blocked by an humoral immune response or by a long period of continuous exposure to antigen. Some clinical T cell depressions are discussed in view of the humoral suppression, and the possible use of BCG to restore some functions of the T cell activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

[Regulation mechanisms of the activity of T lymphocytes. Applications to infective and tumoral pathology. I. Delayed hypersensitivity and humoral response (author's transl)].

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) develops in the absence of an adjuvant when mice are injected with an apropriate dose of Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC). Increasing the dose of SRBC reduces and eventually abolished all evidence of DTH and no further sensitisation can be achieved even with the optimal subcutaneously injected dose, except in splenectomised mice in whom the development of DTH is not suppressed, even by massive doses of SRBC. This is also the case in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CY) which suppresses selectively the antibody response. Hence the suppression of T cell activity measured as DTH cannot be due to antigen as such. The serum of blocked animals partially inhibits the induction and expression of DTH, and its blocking activity increase substantially after partial absorption. Absorbed serum did not inhibit in vivo the proliferative response nor the number of plaque forming cells to SRBC in peripheral lymph nodes, it increases the hemagglutinating titer of circulating specific antibody even though DTH is totally suppressed. It seems that the products of the interaction between antigens and antibodies block the activated T cells which mediate DTH without interfering with helper cells.

Animals↗