Annual update of systemic disease--1999: emerging and re-emerging infections (Part II).
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
P Lama
Publications and source records attributed to P Lama.
Advances in optic nerve head analysis in glaucoma.
Assessment of the optic nerve head for structural changes is critical for the detection of glaucoma and for following progression in patients with established glaucoma. Qualitative optic nerve analysis can be obtained via methods such as disc drawings and stereo disc photography. However, these methods are limited by significant interobserver and intraobserver variability. Disc photographs can also vary greatly according to the camera angle, photographic technique, lighting, and magnification. The need for accurate, reproducible, and quantitative, cost-effective techniques of assessing the optic disc and appreciation of the limitations of subjective clinical observation stimulated the development of new technologies.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Annual update of systemic disease--1999: emerging and re-emerging infections (part I).
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Eye Diseases↗
Lack of cross-reactive allergic response to brimonidine in patients with known apraclonidine allergy.
PURPOSE: To assess the allergenic potential of topical brimonidine 0.2% in patients shown to be allergic to apraclonidine 0.5%. METHODS: Eighteen glaucoma patients who developed allergy to apraclonidine were enrolled. Allergy was graded and documented photographically. Apraclonidine was then discontinued until the allergy resolved. Grading and photography were repeated, following which treatment with brimonidine was initiated. Patients were examined 1 h after the initial drop of brimonidine, twice weekly for 6 weeks, and at 3 monthly intervals thereafter. All other anti-glaucoma medications were continued. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 66.3 +/- 14.9 years (range 33.5-89.3 years). The mean time to apraclonidine allergy from initial exposure was 12.9 +/- 12.9 months (range 2.1-46.8 months). For the 10 patients rechallenged with apraclonidine, the mean time to allergy was 13.6 +/- 10.2 days (range 3-32 days). Mean duration of brimonidine therapy was 140.7 +/- 66.2 days (range 14-286 days), with 11 patients reaching at least 150 days of follow-up. Two patients developed symptomatic brimonidine allergy at 138 and 201 days respectively. For those patients who did not develop symptoms of allergy to brimonidine, there was no significant change in any of the parameters by which allergy was graded throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with known apraclonidine allergy do not develop an early allergic response to brimonidine. These data rule against a cross-reactive allergic response between these two alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Annual review of systemic diseases: 1995-1996. Part I.
Systemic illnesses, such as vasculitides and systemic lupus erythematosus, may have ocular symptoms, or they may present with ocular signs and undiagnosed or occult systemic signs. The recently described ophthalmic and neurologic presentations and new diagnostic modalities for Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are reviewed. Hypercoagulable states and their role in visual diseases are assessed, and strategies for evaluating patients with hypercoagulable states are described.
Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
Annual review of systemic disease--1997--II.
The intention of this series of semiannual reviews of systemic diseases is not to develop an annual encyclopedic compendium of every article published in the prior calendar year on each systemic illness but rather to select for each issue a few systemic diseases of import to the neuro-ophthalmologist, and to summarize the literature that has developed over the past few years. For each systemic disease selected, the review will cover new developments in its epidemiology; new reports of its neuro-ophthalmic, ocular, and neurologic manifestations; unique clinical presentations; radiologic and laboratory diagnostic tools; and new therapies available to the neuro-ophthalmologist. If appropriate, new information on the etiology of the illness will be reported. In this installment, progress in the clinical recognition and treatment of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and human immunodeficiency virus- (nonretinal) related illness is discussed.
Eye Diseases↗
Activity of hippocampal extract on development of [3H]5-HT high-affinity uptake in dissociated microcultures.
Specific and localized lesions of the 5-HT fibers in the hippocampus induce homotypic collateral sprouting and enhance serotonergic fiber outgrowth from adult neurons and transplanted fetal tissue. In this study, hippocampal extracts were prepared and applied to primary cultures of fetal serotonergic neurons. The effects of plating density and serum additives were examined. The growth of the serotonergic neurons in the rostral brainstem dissociated cultures were estimated by measuring the specific uptake of [3H]5-HT. The results indicate the presence of a trypsin-sensitive factor which is active when prepared fresh at dilutions up to 1/10,000. The factor is higher in hippocampus than cerebellum. Young male tissue contained more activity than either female or aged hippocampus. Although both positive and negative effects are described, higher dilutions of factor (1/1,000) were generally stimulatory in high density cultures while lower dilutions (1/10) were inhibitory in low density cultures. Specific removal of 5-HT hippocampal afferents with fornix-fimbria microinjections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine resulted in an initial loss of activity (2 days and 2 weeks) followed by an enhanced activity (2 months) compared to normal hippocampal extract. Several possibilities are discussed as to the identity of the serotonergic growth factor from hippocampal supernatant.
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗