P Latta | PubMed Health

PubMed2004

Cerebral blood flow response to a hypoxic-ischemic insult differs in neonatal and juvenile rats.

To compare the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to a transient episode of hypoxia-ischemia producing damage in neonatal and juvenile rats. One- and four-week-old rats were subjected to unilateral carotid artery occlusion plus hypoxia (8% oxygen). Perfusion MR images were acquired either in sham controls or in hypoxic-ischemic rats before, during, 1 h and 24 h after hypoxia-ischemia. At 24 h post hypoxia-ischemia, T2 maps and histology were used to assess damage. In sham controls, CBF increased twofold between the age of one and four weeks. Reductions in CBF ipsilateral to the occlusion occurred during hypoxia-ischemia followed by a substantial recovery at 1 h post in both age groups. However, contralaterally, hyperemia occurred during hypoxia-ischemia in four-week but not one-week-old rats. Similarly, hyperemia occurred ipsilaterally at 24 h post hypoxia-ischemia in four-week but not one-week-olds, corresponding to the distribution of elevations in T2. Despite CBF differences, extensive cell death occurred ipsilaterally in both age groups. The CBF responses to hypoxia-ischemia and reperfusion differ depending on postnatal age, with hyperemia occurring in juvenile but not neonatal rats. The results suggest a greater CBF responsiveness and differential relationship between post-ischemic vascular perfusion and tissue injury in older compared with immature animals.

Aging↗

PubMed1998

Motion artifacts reduction in DWI using navigator echoes: a robust and simple correction scheme.

NMR signal phase variation caused by macroscopic motion of an object during application of the diffusion gradient is a well-known effect in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using the standard pulsed gradient spin-echo sequence (PGSE). This phase error causes severe ghost artifacts in the output image when phase encoding techniques, such as two dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) imaging, are used. One possible way to eliminate the motion effects is the navigator echo technique. The method is based on estimating the phase error from the navigator echo and using it for the correction of the image echo. The phase errors (zero and first order) for the phase correction of the image echo are usually evaluated from the navigator echo after Fourier transform (FT) in the readout direction, correcting for both translation and rotation. We present here a simple algorithm which enables evaluation and correction in the time domain of phase errors induced by motion. This approach has the advantage of improved correction of motional artifacts and minimized sensitivity to noise and inaccurate setting up of the experiment.

Algorithms↗